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THE INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 20 - 49, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02

Öz

Various studies available in the literature on pubertşy. The individual's physical and psychological changes during puberty, as well as changes in the social field are remarkable. During this period, the importance of family relationships with losing a bit more with the relationships with their peers is their strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental attachment and aggression in adolescents. In the study, risk factors and protective factors between parent attachment and aggressive behavior were examined. Parents marital accord to have friend; close friend and peer group were considered as protective factors. Watching violent movies on Tv and having a disciplinary penalt were identified as risk factors. Also, that empathy was between parent attachment aggression examined as a mediator. That research is carried with randomly selected 1424 (709 females and 715 males) adolescents, who are living in Burdur in 2010, going to high school and ranging from 13 and 19. The schools were visited after obtaining necessary permits from the Burdur Directorate Education by the researcher and participation in the study was based on volunteerism. Personal information form, and Aggression Scale (Buss ve Perry, 1992), Parent and Peer Attachment inventory (Armsden ve Greenberg, 1987) and Empathic Tendency Scale (Dökmen, 1988) were applied in the study. For the data analysis, the statistical analysis like Two-way analysis of variance, T-test and Sobel Test were used. When taking a look at analysis findings, it was noticed that adolescents insecurely attached got higher aggression score. It was seen that only the level of emphaty get on with each other between insecure parent attachment and aggression. In the light of literature, the findings of that research were discussed with the other studies’ findings regarding that subject and were interprented. In addition, suggestions relevant to those findings were presented for researchers studying on that subject. Keywords: Adolescence, Attachment, Aggression, Protactive Factor, Risk Factor

Kaynakça

  • Abay, E. ve Tuğlu, C. (2000). Şiddet ve agresyonun nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiatri, 3, 21-26.
  • Alver B., Dilemken, M. ve Ada, Ş. (2011). İlköğretim II. Kademe öğrencilerinin saldırganlık özellikleri. Gaziantep University Journal Of Social Sciences, 10(2).
  • Adams, G. R. (2000). Adolescent development: The essential readings. 1. cilt/eEsentialreadings in developmental psychology. Blackwell Publishers.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters E. ve Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdole, NJ:Erlbaum.
  • Arbona, C., ve Power, T. (2003). Parental attachment, self-esteem, and antisocial behaviors among African American, European American, and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 40-51.
  • Armsden, G. C., and Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Relationships to well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(5).
  • Arnett, J. (1992). Socialization and adolescent reckless behavior: A reply to Jessor. Developmental Review, 12, 391-409.
  • Bayraktar F., Sayıl, M. ve Kumru A. (2009). Liseli ergenler ve üniversiteli gençlerde benlik saygısı: Ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanma, empati ve psikolojik uyum değişkenlerinin rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24 (63), 48-63.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment, attachment and loss, Vol. 1. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Seperation: Anxiety and anger, attachment and loss, Vol. 2. NewYork: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss, attachment and loss, Vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Buss, A. H., ve Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assesing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343-349.
  • Buss, A.H., ve Perry, M.P. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
  • Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D, Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L. and Gariepy, J-L. (1989). Growth and aggression: 1. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25 (2), 320-330.
  • Campbell, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators? Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol 11 (3), 237- 264.
  • Cantor, J. (2000). Media violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol.27 (2), 30-3.
  • Cassidy, J. (1999). The nature of the child’s ties. J. Cassidy ve P. R. Shaver (Ed.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications içinde (3-20). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Dinçel, E. (2006). Ergenlik dönemi gelişimsel ödevler ve psikolojik problemler. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Doyle, A. B., ve Markiewicz, D. (2005). Parenting, marital conflict and adjustment from early- to mid-adolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, (34), 97-110.
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1989). Empatinin Yeni bir modele dayanılarak ölçülmesi ve psikodrama ile ölçülmesi. A. Ü. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1-2): 155-190.
  • Eron, L. D. ve Huesmann L.R. (1990). The stability of aggressive behavior. Even unto third generation. Lewis, M. ve Miller, S. M. (ed.). Handbook of developmental psyhopathology içinde (147-156). New York: Plenum.
  • Farmer, T. W., Farmer, E. M. Z, Estell, D. B. ve Hutchins, B. (2007). The developmental dynamics of aggression and the prevention of school violence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 197–208.
  • Goldberg, S. (2000). Attachment and Development. In the Texts in Developmental Psychology Series. New York: Oxford.
  • Goldstein, S. E., Davis-Kean, P. E. ve Eccles, J. S. (2005). Parents, peers, and problem behavior: a longitudinal investigation of the impact of relationship perceptions and characteristics on the development of adolescent problem behavior. Developmental Psychology, 41, 401-413.
  • Gonzalez, J., Field, T., Yando, R., Gonzalez, K., Lasko, D. ve Bendell, D. (1994). Adolescents’ perceptions of their risk-taking behavior. Adolescence, 29, 701- 709.
  • Greenberg, M. T., Speltz, M. L., DeKlyen, M. (1993). The role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behaviour problems. Special Issue: Toward a developmental perspective on conduct disorder. Developmental Psychopathology, (5), 191–213.
  • Gustavo, C., Meredith, M., Rachel C. H. ve Miriam M. M. (2012). Empathy as a mediator of the relations between parent and peer attachment and prosocial and physically aggressive behaviors in Mexican American college students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(3), 337-357.
  • Hodges, E., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F. ve Bukowski, W. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94-101.
  • Hortaçsu, N. (2003). Çocuklukta ilişkiler- ana baba, kardeş ve arkadaşlar. İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A.B. ve Markiewicz, D. (2003). Associations between parenting style and attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 153–164.
  • Kobak, R., Cassidy, J., Lyons-Ruth, K., ve Ziv, Y. (2006). Attachment and developmental psychopathology. D. Cicchetti, (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology 2 (333–369). New York: Wiley.
  • Kobak, R. R., Cole, H., Ferenz-Gillues, R., Fleming, W., ve Gamble, W. (1993). Attachment and emotion regulation during mother-teen problem-solving: A control theory analysis. Child Development, 64, 231-245.
  • Krahé, B. ve Möller, I. (2010). Longitudinal effects of media violence on aggression and empathy among German adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 401-409.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (1998). Ergenlik Psikolojisi (1.Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi Yayınları.
  • LaFreniere, P., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1985). Profiles of peer competence in the preschool: Interrelations between measures, influence of social ecology, and relation to attachment history. Developmental Psychology, 17, 289−299.
  • Laible, D.(2007). Attachment with parents and peers in late adolescence: Links with emotional competence and social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences 43, 1185– 1197.
  • Laible, D. J., Carlo, G. ve Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relationship of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45-59.
  • Lovett, J. B. ve Sheffield, A.R. (2007). Affective empathy deficits in Aggressive children and adolescents: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 1-13.
  • Lyons-Ruth K. (1996). Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behaviour problems: The role of disorganized early attachment patterns. Journal Consult Clinical Psychology, (64), 64–73.
  • Moran, B. L. ve DuBois, D. L. (2002). Relation of social support and self-esteem to problem behavior: Investigation of Differing Models. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 407-435.
  • Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M. ve Moorman L.(2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: Relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 257–264.
  • Ohbachi, K. I., Ohno, T. ve Mukai, H. (1993). Empathy and aggression: Effects of self disclosure and fearful appeal. The Journal of Social Psychology,133(2), 243-254.
  • Paik, H. ve Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Commun Res, 2, 516 –546.
  • Pecokonis, V. E.(1990). A cognitive/affective empathy training program as a function of ego development in aggressive adolescent females. Adolescence Spring, 25 (97), 59–76.
  • Perry, B. D. (1996). Violence and childhood trauma: Understanding and responding to the effects of violence on young children. Cleveland: Gund Foundation Publishers.
  • Prinstein, M. J., Boegers, J. ve Spirito, A. (2001). Adolescents’ and their friends’ health-risk behavior: Factors that alter or add to peer influence. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26, 287-298.
  • Reis, J. (2007). School environment can moderate student aggression, study finds.26 Mayıs, 2012. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070423155112.htm.
  • Renken, B., Egeland, B., Marvinney, D., Mangelsdorf, S., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1989). Early childhood antecedents of aggression and passive withdrawal in early elementary school. Journal of Personality, 57, 257−281.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1970). Carl Rogers on Encounter Groups. Newyork: Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Smith, P. K. , Cowie, H. ve Blades, M. (2003). Understanding children’s development (Fourth Edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Spriggs A. L., Iannotti R., Nansel T. R. ve Haynie, D. L. (2007). Adolescent bullying involvement and perceived family, peer and school relations: Commonalities and differences across race/ethnicity. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(3), 283-293.
  • Steinberg, L. (2007). Adolecence. McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I. ve Van Oost, P. (2002). Relationship of the Family Environment to Children’s Involvement in Bully/Victim Problems at School. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (6), 419–428.
  • Sümer, N. (2003). Personality and behavioral predictors of traffic accidents: Testing a contextual mediated model, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35 (6), 949– 964.
  • Toker, D. E. ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2009).Yeme bozuklukları ve aile yapısı: Bir gözden geçirme. Düşünen Adam, 22 (1-4):36-42.
  • Troy, M., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1987). Victimization among preschoolers: Role of attachment relationship history. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 166-172.
  • Uludağlı, N. P. ve Sayıl, M. (2009). Orta ve ileri ergenlik döneminde risk alma davranışı: Ebeveyn ve akranların Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, Haziran, 12 (23), 14-24.
  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H. 1997. Attachment, emergent morality, and aggression: Toward a developmental socioemotional model of antisocial behaviour. International Journal Behaviour Development (21), 703–727.
  • Volling, B. L., Mahoney A. ve Rauer A. J.(2009).Sanctification of parenting, moral socialization, and young children's conscience development. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Vol 1(1), 53-68.
  • Yavuzer, H. (1996). Çocuk Psikolojisi. Ankara: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Yılmaz, T. (2000). Ergenlikte risk alma davranışlarının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Zimmermann, P. (1999). Structure and functions of internal working models of attachment and their role for emotion regulation. Attachment & Human Development, Vol (1).

ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 20 - 49, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02

Öz

Literatürde ergenlik ile ilgili çeşitli araştırmalar mevcuttur. Ergenlik döneminde bireyin fiziksel değişimlerinin yanı sıra psikolojik ve sosyal alanda değişimler de dikkati çekmektedir. Bu dönemde aile ile ilişkiler biraz önemini kaybetmekle birlikte akranlarla olan ilişkilerin daha kuvvetlendiği görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırma, ergenlik döneminde ebeveyne bağlanmanın türüne göre saldırganlık puanlarının farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ebeveyne güvensiz bağlanmanın saldırgan davranışlar üzerindeki etkisinde koruyucu ve risk faktörleri incelenmiştir. Koruyucu faktörler olarak; ebeveynlerin iyi geçinmesi, yakın arkadaşa ve akran grubuna sahip olma ele alınmıştır. Tv’de şiddet içerikli film izleme ve disiplin cezası alma ise risk faktörleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Yanı sıra çalışmada empatinin, ebeveyn bağlanmasının saldırgan davranış üzerindeki etkisindeki aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırma 2010 yılında Burdur’da yaşayan ve liseye devam eden yaşları 13 ile 19 arasında değişen basit tesadüfi yöntemle seçilmiş 1424 (709 K/715 E) ergenle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmacı tarafından Burdur Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nden gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra okullar ziyaret edilmiş, araştırmaya katılımda gönüllülük esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcı kişisel bilgi formu, Saldırganlık Ölçeği (Buss ve Perry, 1992), Ebeveyn ve Akrana Bağlanma Envanteri (Armsden ve Greenberg, 1987) ve Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği (Dökmen, 1988) uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için Çift Yönlü Varyans Analizi, T testi ve Sobel Test istatistiksel analizleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz bulgularına bakıldığında güvensiz bağlanan ergenlerin daha yüksek saldırganlık puanı aldıkları görülmüştür. Ebeveyne güvensiz bağlanma ve saldırganlık arasında empati düzeyinin koruyucu bir faktör olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ergenlik, bağlanma, saldırganlık, koruyucu faktör, risk faktörü

Kaynakça

  • Abay, E. ve Tuğlu, C. (2000). Şiddet ve agresyonun nörobiyolojisi. Klinik Psikiatri, 3, 21-26.
  • Alver B., Dilemken, M. ve Ada, Ş. (2011). İlköğretim II. Kademe öğrencilerinin saldırganlık özellikleri. Gaziantep University Journal Of Social Sciences, 10(2).
  • Adams, G. R. (2000). Adolescent development: The essential readings. 1. cilt/eEsentialreadings in developmental psychology. Blackwell Publishers.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters E. ve Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdole, NJ:Erlbaum.
  • Arbona, C., ve Power, T. (2003). Parental attachment, self-esteem, and antisocial behaviors among African American, European American, and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 40-51.
  • Armsden, G. C., and Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Relationships to well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(5).
  • Arnett, J. (1992). Socialization and adolescent reckless behavior: A reply to Jessor. Developmental Review, 12, 391-409.
  • Bayraktar F., Sayıl, M. ve Kumru A. (2009). Liseli ergenler ve üniversiteli gençlerde benlik saygısı: Ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanma, empati ve psikolojik uyum değişkenlerinin rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24 (63), 48-63.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment, attachment and loss, Vol. 1. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Seperation: Anxiety and anger, attachment and loss, Vol. 2. NewYork: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss, attachment and loss, Vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Buss, A. H., ve Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assesing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343-349.
  • Buss, A.H., ve Perry, M.P. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
  • Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D, Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L. and Gariepy, J-L. (1989). Growth and aggression: 1. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25 (2), 320-330.
  • Campbell, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators? Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol 11 (3), 237- 264.
  • Cantor, J. (2000). Media violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol.27 (2), 30-3.
  • Cassidy, J. (1999). The nature of the child’s ties. J. Cassidy ve P. R. Shaver (Ed.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications içinde (3-20). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Dinçel, E. (2006). Ergenlik dönemi gelişimsel ödevler ve psikolojik problemler. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Doyle, A. B., ve Markiewicz, D. (2005). Parenting, marital conflict and adjustment from early- to mid-adolescence: Mediated by adolescent attachment style? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, (34), 97-110.
  • Dökmen, Ü. (1989). Empatinin Yeni bir modele dayanılarak ölçülmesi ve psikodrama ile ölçülmesi. A. Ü. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1-2): 155-190.
  • Eron, L. D. ve Huesmann L.R. (1990). The stability of aggressive behavior. Even unto third generation. Lewis, M. ve Miller, S. M. (ed.). Handbook of developmental psyhopathology içinde (147-156). New York: Plenum.
  • Farmer, T. W., Farmer, E. M. Z, Estell, D. B. ve Hutchins, B. (2007). The developmental dynamics of aggression and the prevention of school violence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 197–208.
  • Goldberg, S. (2000). Attachment and Development. In the Texts in Developmental Psychology Series. New York: Oxford.
  • Goldstein, S. E., Davis-Kean, P. E. ve Eccles, J. S. (2005). Parents, peers, and problem behavior: a longitudinal investigation of the impact of relationship perceptions and characteristics on the development of adolescent problem behavior. Developmental Psychology, 41, 401-413.
  • Gonzalez, J., Field, T., Yando, R., Gonzalez, K., Lasko, D. ve Bendell, D. (1994). Adolescents’ perceptions of their risk-taking behavior. Adolescence, 29, 701- 709.
  • Greenberg, M. T., Speltz, M. L., DeKlyen, M. (1993). The role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behaviour problems. Special Issue: Toward a developmental perspective on conduct disorder. Developmental Psychopathology, (5), 191–213.
  • Gustavo, C., Meredith, M., Rachel C. H. ve Miriam M. M. (2012). Empathy as a mediator of the relations between parent and peer attachment and prosocial and physically aggressive behaviors in Mexican American college students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(3), 337-357.
  • Hodges, E., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F. ve Bukowski, W. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94-101.
  • Hortaçsu, N. (2003). Çocuklukta ilişkiler- ana baba, kardeş ve arkadaşlar. İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A.B. ve Markiewicz, D. (2003). Associations between parenting style and attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 153–164.
  • Kobak, R., Cassidy, J., Lyons-Ruth, K., ve Ziv, Y. (2006). Attachment and developmental psychopathology. D. Cicchetti, (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology 2 (333–369). New York: Wiley.
  • Kobak, R. R., Cole, H., Ferenz-Gillues, R., Fleming, W., ve Gamble, W. (1993). Attachment and emotion regulation during mother-teen problem-solving: A control theory analysis. Child Development, 64, 231-245.
  • Krahé, B. ve Möller, I. (2010). Longitudinal effects of media violence on aggression and empathy among German adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 401-409.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (1998). Ergenlik Psikolojisi (1.Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi Yayınları.
  • LaFreniere, P., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1985). Profiles of peer competence in the preschool: Interrelations between measures, influence of social ecology, and relation to attachment history. Developmental Psychology, 17, 289−299.
  • Laible, D.(2007). Attachment with parents and peers in late adolescence: Links with emotional competence and social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences 43, 1185– 1197.
  • Laible, D. J., Carlo, G. ve Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relationship of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45-59.
  • Lovett, J. B. ve Sheffield, A.R. (2007). Affective empathy deficits in Aggressive children and adolescents: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 1-13.
  • Lyons-Ruth K. (1996). Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behaviour problems: The role of disorganized early attachment patterns. Journal Consult Clinical Psychology, (64), 64–73.
  • Moran, B. L. ve DuBois, D. L. (2002). Relation of social support and self-esteem to problem behavior: Investigation of Differing Models. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 407-435.
  • Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M. ve Moorman L.(2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: Relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 257–264.
  • Ohbachi, K. I., Ohno, T. ve Mukai, H. (1993). Empathy and aggression: Effects of self disclosure and fearful appeal. The Journal of Social Psychology,133(2), 243-254.
  • Paik, H. ve Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Commun Res, 2, 516 –546.
  • Pecokonis, V. E.(1990). A cognitive/affective empathy training program as a function of ego development in aggressive adolescent females. Adolescence Spring, 25 (97), 59–76.
  • Perry, B. D. (1996). Violence and childhood trauma: Understanding and responding to the effects of violence on young children. Cleveland: Gund Foundation Publishers.
  • Prinstein, M. J., Boegers, J. ve Spirito, A. (2001). Adolescents’ and their friends’ health-risk behavior: Factors that alter or add to peer influence. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26, 287-298.
  • Reis, J. (2007). School environment can moderate student aggression, study finds.26 Mayıs, 2012. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070423155112.htm.
  • Renken, B., Egeland, B., Marvinney, D., Mangelsdorf, S., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1989). Early childhood antecedents of aggression and passive withdrawal in early elementary school. Journal of Personality, 57, 257−281.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1970). Carl Rogers on Encounter Groups. Newyork: Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Smith, P. K. , Cowie, H. ve Blades, M. (2003). Understanding children’s development (Fourth Edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Spriggs A. L., Iannotti R., Nansel T. R. ve Haynie, D. L. (2007). Adolescent bullying involvement and perceived family, peer and school relations: Commonalities and differences across race/ethnicity. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(3), 283-293.
  • Steinberg, L. (2007). Adolecence. McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I. ve Van Oost, P. (2002). Relationship of the Family Environment to Children’s Involvement in Bully/Victim Problems at School. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (6), 419–428.
  • Sümer, N. (2003). Personality and behavioral predictors of traffic accidents: Testing a contextual mediated model, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35 (6), 949– 964.
  • Toker, D. E. ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2009).Yeme bozuklukları ve aile yapısı: Bir gözden geçirme. Düşünen Adam, 22 (1-4):36-42.
  • Troy, M., ve Sroufe, L. A. (1987). Victimization among preschoolers: Role of attachment relationship history. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 166-172.
  • Uludağlı, N. P. ve Sayıl, M. (2009). Orta ve ileri ergenlik döneminde risk alma davranışı: Ebeveyn ve akranların Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, Haziran, 12 (23), 14-24.
  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H. 1997. Attachment, emergent morality, and aggression: Toward a developmental socioemotional model of antisocial behaviour. International Journal Behaviour Development (21), 703–727.
  • Volling, B. L., Mahoney A. ve Rauer A. J.(2009).Sanctification of parenting, moral socialization, and young children's conscience development. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Vol 1(1), 53-68.
  • Yavuzer, H. (1996). Çocuk Psikolojisi. Ankara: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Yılmaz, T. (2000). Ergenlikte risk alma davranışlarının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Zimmermann, P. (1999). Structure and functions of internal working models of attachment and their role for emotion regulation. Attachment & Human Development, Vol (1).
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bilge Kaplan Bu kişi benim

Eda Şeyda Aksel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaplan, B., & Aksel, E. Ş. (2013). ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 20-49. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02
AMA Kaplan B, Aksel EŞ. ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. Ocak 2013;1(1):20-49. doi:10.7816/nesne-01-01-02
Chicago Kaplan, Bilge, ve Eda Şeyda Aksel. “ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1, sy. 1 (Ocak 2013): 20-49. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02.
EndNote Kaplan B, Aksel EŞ (01 Ocak 2013) ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1 1 20–49.
IEEE B. Kaplan ve E. Ş. Aksel, “ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 20–49, 2013, doi: 10.7816/nesne-01-01-02.
ISNAD Kaplan, Bilge - Aksel, Eda Şeyda. “ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1/1 (Ocak 2013), 20-49. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-02.
JAMA Kaplan B, Aksel EŞ. ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. 2013;1:20–49.
MLA Kaplan, Bilge ve Eda Şeyda Aksel. “ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 20-49, doi:10.7816/nesne-01-01-02.
Vancouver Kaplan B, Aksel EŞ. ERGENLERDE BAĞLANMA VE SALDIRGANLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. 2013;1(1):20-49.