Araştırma Makalesi
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CLASSIFICATION OF AGENCY PROBLEMS IN TURKIYE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 , 652 - 665 , 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1657968
https://izlik.org/JA85WL52BG

Öz

In the research, it is assumed that context affects both the parties experiencing agency problems and the types of agency problems. The problems are classified into Type 1 agency problems, which occur between shareholders and managers, and Type 2 agency problems, which occur among shareholders. The aim is to identify the issues experienced within both dimensions. Given the need to describe a phenomenon across different contexts, a qualitative research method was employed. Data were obtained from court case texts involving shareholders and board members, accessed through an electronic legal database. A total of 42 distinct case texts were analyzed. Content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 2020 to interpret the data. The research concluded that agency problems vary depending on the parties involved in the agency relationship. In the context of Turkiye, it was found that agency problems occur more frequently among shareholders. The most common issues observed in shareholder relations include unfair profit-taking, intentional harm to the company, and obstruction of the rights to control, monitor, and access information. The research highlights the need for corporate governance practices that offer positive discrimination to minority shareholders.

Kaynakça

  • Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
  • Ali, B. C. (2020). Agency theory and fraud. K. Baker, L. Purda ve S. Saadi (Ed.), Corporate fraud exposed: A comprehensive and holistic approach içinde (s. 149-167). Emerald Publishing.
  • Arıkboğa, F. Ş. ve Menteş, A. (2009). Türkiye’de kurumsal yönetişim ikilemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 59(2), 85-120.
  • Arrow, K. J. (1963). Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. The American Economic Review, 53(5), 941-973.
  • Awasthi, K. (2017). Taking stock of the principal-principal agency perspective: A review and the way ahead. International Business Strategy: Perspectives on Implementation in Emerging Markets, 17-42.
  • Azoury, N. ve Bouri, E. (2015). Principal–principal conflicts in Lebanese unlisted family firms. Journal of Management and Governance, 19, 461-493.
  • Banchit, A., Locke, S., Abidin, S. ve Wellalage, N. H. (2011). Do principal-principal or principal-agent conflicts impact the performance of Islamic banking? SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Banchit, A. ve Locke, S. (2011). Principal-principal conflicts: Is it a big problem in ASEAN 4 markets? International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(5), 1–15.
  • Berle, A. D. ve Means, G. C. (1933). The modern corporation and private property. Macmillan Publishing Co.
  • Boyd, B. K. ve Hoskisson, R. E. (2010). Corporate governance of business groups. A. M. Colpan, T. Hikino ve J. R. Lincoln (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of business groups içinde (s. 670-695). Oxford University Press.
  • Bruce, A., Buck, T. ve Main, B. G. M. (2005). Top executive remuneration: A view from Europe. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1493–1506. Buğra, A. (1995). Devlet ve iş adamları. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Byun, H. ve Kim, T. H. (2013). Principal-principal agency problem and shareholder activism: The rise of minority shareholder movement in Korea 2001-2008. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.7
  • Charitou, A., Louca, C. ve Tsalavoutas, I. (2016). Corporate governance, agency problems, and firm performance: Empirical evidence from an emerging European market. SSRN.
  • Chen, V. Z., Li, J. ve Shapiro, D. M. (2010). Are OECD-prescribed “good corporate governance practices” really good in an emerging economy? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 115-138.
  • Dharwadkar, R., George, G. ve Brandes, P. (2000). Privatization in emerging economies: An agency theory perspective. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 650-669.
  • Dirlik, S. ve Altunç, Ö. F. (2016). Türkiye’deki makro iktisadi bağlamın işletme gruplarının çeşitlendirme stratejilerine etkileri: 1975-2010 dönemi için boylamsal bir analiz. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 39-61.
  • Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74.
  • Faccio, M., Lang, L. H. P. ve Young, L. (2001). Dividends and expropriation. American Economic Review, 91(1), 54-78.
  • Fama, E. F. ve Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325.
  • Fan, J., Wang, K. ve Wu, L. (2023). Monitoring the type I agency problem or the type II agency problem? Directors appointed by non-state shareholders and the CEO turnover–performance sensitivity. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 59(7), 2160-2189.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L., Wiseman, R. M. ve Dykes, B. J. (2005). Agency problems in diverse contexts: A global perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1507-1517.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L. R. ve Wiseman, R. M. (2007). Does agency theory have universal relevance? A reply to Lubatkin, Lane, Collin, and Very. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(1), 81-88.
  • Kaymak, T. ve Bektaş, E. (2008). East meets west? Board characteristics in an emerging market: Evidence from Turkish banks. Corporate Governance, 16(6), 550-561.
  • Kusumadewi, N. L. G. L. ve Wardhani, R. (2020). The effect of three types of agency problems on the firm performance: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(3), 279-295.
  • Lei, Q., Lin, B. ve Wei, M. (2013). Types of agency cost, corporate governance and liquidity. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 32(3), 147–172.
  • Lubatkin, M. H., Jane, P. J., Collin, S. O. ve Very, P. (2005). Origins of corporate governance in the USA, Sweden and France. Organization Studies, 26(6), 867-888.
  • Luo, Q., Li, H. ve Zhang, B. (2015). Financing constraints and the cost of equity: Evidence on the moral hazard of the controlling shareholder. International Review of Economics and Finance, 36, 99-106.
  • Martens, W. ve Pham, P. T. (2021). Reducing agency issues: Examining earnings management constraints in emerging markets. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25, 1-22.
  • Nas, T. İ., Çaka, M. Ö. ve Okan, T. (2019). Türk işletme gruplarında ortak yönetim kurulu üye profili. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 26(2), 625-650.
  • Panda, B. ve Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.
  • Peng, M. W. ve Sauerwald, S. (2013). Corporate governance and principal–principal conflicts. In D. M. Wright, D. S. Siegel, K. Keasey ve I. Filatotchev (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of corporate governance (s. 658-672). Oxford University Press.
  • Purkayastha, A., Pattnaik, C. ve Pathak, A. (2022). Agency conflict in diversified business groups and performance of affiliated firms in India: Contingent effect of external constraint and internal governance. European Management Journal, 40(2), 283-294.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Yıldırım Öktem, Ö. (2009). Countervailing institutional forces: Corporate governance in Turkish family business groups. Journal of Management and Governance, 13, 193-213.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Karataş, A. (2008). Board structure and performance in an emerging economy: Türkiye. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 4(2), 132-147.
  • Su, Y., Xu, D. ve Phan, P. H. (2008). Principal–principal conflict in the governance of the Chinese public corporation. Management and Organization Review, 4(1), 17-38.
  • Sun, P., Hu, H. W. ve Hillman, A. J. (2016). The dark side of board political capital: Enabling blockholder rent appropriation. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1801-1822.
  • Şener, İ. (2012). Halka açık aile işletmelerinin yönetim kurullarında meydana gelen değişimler. 5. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi (s. 195–204). T.C. Kültür Üniversitesi.
  • Tunçay, S. S. ve Özer, P. S. (2017). Asil-vekil ilişkilerinin kültürel bağlamda sosyal ağ kuramı çerçevesinde sosyal ağ analizi kullanılarak incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 478–510.
  • Ward, D. ve Filatotchev, I. (2010). Principal–principal–agency relationships and the role of external governance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 31, 249-261.
  • Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D. ve Jiang, Y. (2008). Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 196-220.
  • Yurtoğlu, B. B. (2000). Ownership, control and performance of Turkish listed firms. Empirica, 27, 193-222.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 , 652 - 665 , 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1657968
https://izlik.org/JA85WL52BG

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
  • Ali, B. C. (2020). Agency theory and fraud. K. Baker, L. Purda ve S. Saadi (Ed.), Corporate fraud exposed: A comprehensive and holistic approach içinde (s. 149-167). Emerald Publishing.
  • Arıkboğa, F. Ş. ve Menteş, A. (2009). Türkiye’de kurumsal yönetişim ikilemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 59(2), 85-120.
  • Arrow, K. J. (1963). Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. The American Economic Review, 53(5), 941-973.
  • Awasthi, K. (2017). Taking stock of the principal-principal agency perspective: A review and the way ahead. International Business Strategy: Perspectives on Implementation in Emerging Markets, 17-42.
  • Azoury, N. ve Bouri, E. (2015). Principal–principal conflicts in Lebanese unlisted family firms. Journal of Management and Governance, 19, 461-493.
  • Banchit, A., Locke, S., Abidin, S. ve Wellalage, N. H. (2011). Do principal-principal or principal-agent conflicts impact the performance of Islamic banking? SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Banchit, A. ve Locke, S. (2011). Principal-principal conflicts: Is it a big problem in ASEAN 4 markets? International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(5), 1–15.
  • Berle, A. D. ve Means, G. C. (1933). The modern corporation and private property. Macmillan Publishing Co.
  • Boyd, B. K. ve Hoskisson, R. E. (2010). Corporate governance of business groups. A. M. Colpan, T. Hikino ve J. R. Lincoln (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of business groups içinde (s. 670-695). Oxford University Press.
  • Bruce, A., Buck, T. ve Main, B. G. M. (2005). Top executive remuneration: A view from Europe. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1493–1506. Buğra, A. (1995). Devlet ve iş adamları. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Byun, H. ve Kim, T. H. (2013). Principal-principal agency problem and shareholder activism: The rise of minority shareholder movement in Korea 2001-2008. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.7
  • Charitou, A., Louca, C. ve Tsalavoutas, I. (2016). Corporate governance, agency problems, and firm performance: Empirical evidence from an emerging European market. SSRN.
  • Chen, V. Z., Li, J. ve Shapiro, D. M. (2010). Are OECD-prescribed “good corporate governance practices” really good in an emerging economy? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 115-138.
  • Dharwadkar, R., George, G. ve Brandes, P. (2000). Privatization in emerging economies: An agency theory perspective. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 650-669.
  • Dirlik, S. ve Altunç, Ö. F. (2016). Türkiye’deki makro iktisadi bağlamın işletme gruplarının çeşitlendirme stratejilerine etkileri: 1975-2010 dönemi için boylamsal bir analiz. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 39-61.
  • Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74.
  • Faccio, M., Lang, L. H. P. ve Young, L. (2001). Dividends and expropriation. American Economic Review, 91(1), 54-78.
  • Fama, E. F. ve Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325.
  • Fan, J., Wang, K. ve Wu, L. (2023). Monitoring the type I agency problem or the type II agency problem? Directors appointed by non-state shareholders and the CEO turnover–performance sensitivity. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 59(7), 2160-2189.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L., Wiseman, R. M. ve Dykes, B. J. (2005). Agency problems in diverse contexts: A global perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1507-1517.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L. R. ve Wiseman, R. M. (2007). Does agency theory have universal relevance? A reply to Lubatkin, Lane, Collin, and Very. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(1), 81-88.
  • Kaymak, T. ve Bektaş, E. (2008). East meets west? Board characteristics in an emerging market: Evidence from Turkish banks. Corporate Governance, 16(6), 550-561.
  • Kusumadewi, N. L. G. L. ve Wardhani, R. (2020). The effect of three types of agency problems on the firm performance: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(3), 279-295.
  • Lei, Q., Lin, B. ve Wei, M. (2013). Types of agency cost, corporate governance and liquidity. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 32(3), 147–172.
  • Lubatkin, M. H., Jane, P. J., Collin, S. O. ve Very, P. (2005). Origins of corporate governance in the USA, Sweden and France. Organization Studies, 26(6), 867-888.
  • Luo, Q., Li, H. ve Zhang, B. (2015). Financing constraints and the cost of equity: Evidence on the moral hazard of the controlling shareholder. International Review of Economics and Finance, 36, 99-106.
  • Martens, W. ve Pham, P. T. (2021). Reducing agency issues: Examining earnings management constraints in emerging markets. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25, 1-22.
  • Nas, T. İ., Çaka, M. Ö. ve Okan, T. (2019). Türk işletme gruplarında ortak yönetim kurulu üye profili. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 26(2), 625-650.
  • Panda, B. ve Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.
  • Peng, M. W. ve Sauerwald, S. (2013). Corporate governance and principal–principal conflicts. In D. M. Wright, D. S. Siegel, K. Keasey ve I. Filatotchev (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of corporate governance (s. 658-672). Oxford University Press.
  • Purkayastha, A., Pattnaik, C. ve Pathak, A. (2022). Agency conflict in diversified business groups and performance of affiliated firms in India: Contingent effect of external constraint and internal governance. European Management Journal, 40(2), 283-294.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Yıldırım Öktem, Ö. (2009). Countervailing institutional forces: Corporate governance in Turkish family business groups. Journal of Management and Governance, 13, 193-213.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Karataş, A. (2008). Board structure and performance in an emerging economy: Türkiye. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 4(2), 132-147.
  • Su, Y., Xu, D. ve Phan, P. H. (2008). Principal–principal conflict in the governance of the Chinese public corporation. Management and Organization Review, 4(1), 17-38.
  • Sun, P., Hu, H. W. ve Hillman, A. J. (2016). The dark side of board political capital: Enabling blockholder rent appropriation. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1801-1822.
  • Şener, İ. (2012). Halka açık aile işletmelerinin yönetim kurullarında meydana gelen değişimler. 5. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi (s. 195–204). T.C. Kültür Üniversitesi.
  • Tunçay, S. S. ve Özer, P. S. (2017). Asil-vekil ilişkilerinin kültürel bağlamda sosyal ağ kuramı çerçevesinde sosyal ağ analizi kullanılarak incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 478–510.
  • Ward, D. ve Filatotchev, I. (2010). Principal–principal–agency relationships and the role of external governance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 31, 249-261.
  • Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D. ve Jiang, Y. (2008). Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 196-220.
  • Yurtoğlu, B. B. (2000). Ownership, control and performance of Turkish listed firms. Empirica, 27, 193-222.

TÜRKİYE’DE VEKÂLET PROBLEMLERİNİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 , 652 - 665 , 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1657968
https://izlik.org/JA85WL52BG

Öz

Araştırmada bağlamın, vekâlet problemleri yaşayan taraflar ve vekâlet problemlerinin türleri üzerinde etkili olduğu varsayılmıştır. Problemler, pay sahipleri ve yöneticiler arasında yaşanan Tip 1 vekâlet problemleri ve pay sahipleri arasında yaşanan Tip 2 vekâlet problemleri olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Her iki boyut kapsamında yaşanan problemlerin neler olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada bir olgunun farklı bir bağlamda betimlenmesi nedeniyle nitel yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri elektronik bir hukuk bankası aracılığıyla, pay sahipleri ve yönetim kurulu üyelerinin tarafları olduğu, yargıya taşınan mahkeme kararlarının dava metinlerinden temin edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında toplam 42 farklı dava metni analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak MAXQDA 2020’den yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda vekâlet ilişkisinin taraflarına göre vekâlet problemlerinin farklılaştığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye bağlamında vekâlet problemlerinin pay sahipleri arasında daha sık yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir. Pay sahipleri arasındaki ilişkilerde haksız kazanç elde edilmesi, işletmenin kasıtlı zarara uğratılması, kontrol, izleme ve bilgi alma hakkının engellenmesi en sık rastlanan problemler olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma azınlık pay sahiplerine pozitif ayrımcılık tanıyacak kurumsal yönetim uygulamalarına ihtiyaç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
  • Ali, B. C. (2020). Agency theory and fraud. K. Baker, L. Purda ve S. Saadi (Ed.), Corporate fraud exposed: A comprehensive and holistic approach içinde (s. 149-167). Emerald Publishing.
  • Arıkboğa, F. Ş. ve Menteş, A. (2009). Türkiye’de kurumsal yönetişim ikilemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 59(2), 85-120.
  • Arrow, K. J. (1963). Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. The American Economic Review, 53(5), 941-973.
  • Awasthi, K. (2017). Taking stock of the principal-principal agency perspective: A review and the way ahead. International Business Strategy: Perspectives on Implementation in Emerging Markets, 17-42.
  • Azoury, N. ve Bouri, E. (2015). Principal–principal conflicts in Lebanese unlisted family firms. Journal of Management and Governance, 19, 461-493.
  • Banchit, A., Locke, S., Abidin, S. ve Wellalage, N. H. (2011). Do principal-principal or principal-agent conflicts impact the performance of Islamic banking? SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Banchit, A. ve Locke, S. (2011). Principal-principal conflicts: Is it a big problem in ASEAN 4 markets? International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(5), 1–15.
  • Berle, A. D. ve Means, G. C. (1933). The modern corporation and private property. Macmillan Publishing Co.
  • Boyd, B. K. ve Hoskisson, R. E. (2010). Corporate governance of business groups. A. M. Colpan, T. Hikino ve J. R. Lincoln (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of business groups içinde (s. 670-695). Oxford University Press.
  • Bruce, A., Buck, T. ve Main, B. G. M. (2005). Top executive remuneration: A view from Europe. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1493–1506. Buğra, A. (1995). Devlet ve iş adamları. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Byun, H. ve Kim, T. H. (2013). Principal-principal agency problem and shareholder activism: The rise of minority shareholder movement in Korea 2001-2008. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.7
  • Charitou, A., Louca, C. ve Tsalavoutas, I. (2016). Corporate governance, agency problems, and firm performance: Empirical evidence from an emerging European market. SSRN.
  • Chen, V. Z., Li, J. ve Shapiro, D. M. (2010). Are OECD-prescribed “good corporate governance practices” really good in an emerging economy? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 115-138.
  • Dharwadkar, R., George, G. ve Brandes, P. (2000). Privatization in emerging economies: An agency theory perspective. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 650-669.
  • Dirlik, S. ve Altunç, Ö. F. (2016). Türkiye’deki makro iktisadi bağlamın işletme gruplarının çeşitlendirme stratejilerine etkileri: 1975-2010 dönemi için boylamsal bir analiz. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 39-61.
  • Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74.
  • Faccio, M., Lang, L. H. P. ve Young, L. (2001). Dividends and expropriation. American Economic Review, 91(1), 54-78.
  • Fama, E. F. ve Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325.
  • Fan, J., Wang, K. ve Wu, L. (2023). Monitoring the type I agency problem or the type II agency problem? Directors appointed by non-state shareholders and the CEO turnover–performance sensitivity. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 59(7), 2160-2189.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L., Wiseman, R. M. ve Dykes, B. J. (2005). Agency problems in diverse contexts: A global perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 42(7), 1507-1517.
  • Gomez-Mejia, L. R. ve Wiseman, R. M. (2007). Does agency theory have universal relevance? A reply to Lubatkin, Lane, Collin, and Very. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(1), 81-88.
  • Kaymak, T. ve Bektaş, E. (2008). East meets west? Board characteristics in an emerging market: Evidence from Turkish banks. Corporate Governance, 16(6), 550-561.
  • Kusumadewi, N. L. G. L. ve Wardhani, R. (2020). The effect of three types of agency problems on the firm performance: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 13(3), 279-295.
  • Lei, Q., Lin, B. ve Wei, M. (2013). Types of agency cost, corporate governance and liquidity. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 32(3), 147–172.
  • Lubatkin, M. H., Jane, P. J., Collin, S. O. ve Very, P. (2005). Origins of corporate governance in the USA, Sweden and France. Organization Studies, 26(6), 867-888.
  • Luo, Q., Li, H. ve Zhang, B. (2015). Financing constraints and the cost of equity: Evidence on the moral hazard of the controlling shareholder. International Review of Economics and Finance, 36, 99-106.
  • Martens, W. ve Pham, P. T. (2021). Reducing agency issues: Examining earnings management constraints in emerging markets. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25, 1-22.
  • Nas, T. İ., Çaka, M. Ö. ve Okan, T. (2019). Türk işletme gruplarında ortak yönetim kurulu üye profili. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 26(2), 625-650.
  • Panda, B. ve Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74-95.
  • Peng, M. W. ve Sauerwald, S. (2013). Corporate governance and principal–principal conflicts. In D. M. Wright, D. S. Siegel, K. Keasey ve I. Filatotchev (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of corporate governance (s. 658-672). Oxford University Press.
  • Purkayastha, A., Pattnaik, C. ve Pathak, A. (2022). Agency conflict in diversified business groups and performance of affiliated firms in India: Contingent effect of external constraint and internal governance. European Management Journal, 40(2), 283-294.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Yıldırım Öktem, Ö. (2009). Countervailing institutional forces: Corporate governance in Turkish family business groups. Journal of Management and Governance, 13, 193-213.
  • Selekler-Gökşen, N. N. ve Karataş, A. (2008). Board structure and performance in an emerging economy: Türkiye. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 4(2), 132-147.
  • Su, Y., Xu, D. ve Phan, P. H. (2008). Principal–principal conflict in the governance of the Chinese public corporation. Management and Organization Review, 4(1), 17-38.
  • Sun, P., Hu, H. W. ve Hillman, A. J. (2016). The dark side of board political capital: Enabling blockholder rent appropriation. Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1801-1822.
  • Şener, İ. (2012). Halka açık aile işletmelerinin yönetim kurullarında meydana gelen değişimler. 5. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi (s. 195–204). T.C. Kültür Üniversitesi.
  • Tunçay, S. S. ve Özer, P. S. (2017). Asil-vekil ilişkilerinin kültürel bağlamda sosyal ağ kuramı çerçevesinde sosyal ağ analizi kullanılarak incelenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 478–510.
  • Ward, D. ve Filatotchev, I. (2010). Principal–principal–agency relationships and the role of external governance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 31, 249-261.
  • Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D. ve Jiang, Y. (2008). Corporate governance in emerging economies: A review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 196-220.
  • Yurtoğlu, B. B. (2000). Ownership, control and performance of Turkish listed firms. Empirica, 27, 193-222.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Organizasyon ve Yönetim Teorisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Birsen Özalp 0000-0001-9039-4442

Ömer Faruk Oktar 0000-0001-9698-1728

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 1 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1657968
IZ https://izlik.org/JA85WL52BG
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özalp, B., & Oktar, Ö. F. (2025). TÜRKİYE’DE VEKÂLET PROBLEMLERİNİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 652-665. https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1657968

Nişantaşı Üniversitesi kurumsal yayınıdır.