19.YÜZYIL’DA İNGİLTERE’NİN TRABZON-TEBRİZ TİCARET ROTASINA DÂHİL OLMA ÇABALARI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 278 - 296, 31.12.2025

Mustafa Can Güripek

https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1745901

Öz

Bu makale, 19. yüzyılda İngiltere’nin Hindistan ile Avrupa arasındaki ticaret yollarını güçlendirme çabaları bağlamında, Trabzon-Tebriz ticaret rotasını ve bu rotada İngiltere’nin stratejik hedeflerini ele almaktadır. 18. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren İngiltere, Hindistan’daki sömürge yönetimini sağlamlaştırmış ve bölgenin ekonomik potansiyelini artırmak için yeni ticari bağlantılar arayışına girmiştir. İran ve Osmanlı toprakları üzerinden Karadeniz’e ulaşan Trabzon-Tebriz yolu, İngiltere’nin Hindistan-Avrupa ticaretini kolaylaştırabilecek önemli bir güzergâh olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, İngiltere’nin bölgedeki ticari faaliyetlerini genişletme ve güvence altına alma sürecinde, İran ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile yürüttüğü diplomatik girişimleri, ticari altyapıyı modernleştirme projelerini ve Rusya ile yaşanan ekonomik rekabeti incelemektedir. 19. yüzyılda İngiltere’nin Hindistan ticaretine yön vermek için izlediği politikalar, Osmanlı ve İran ekonomilerinde önemli dönüşümlere tetiklemiş ve bölgesel güç dengelerini etkilemiştir. Bu rotanın gelişimi, sadece İngiltere’nin ticari stratejileri açısından değil, Osmanlı ve İran ekonomilerinin uluslararası ticaret ağlarına entegrasyonu bakımından da kritik bir süreç olmuştur. Makale, bu süreci tarihsel bağlamda inceleyerek İngiltere’nin ekonomik çıkarları doğrultusunda geliştirdiği stratejilerin bölgedeki sosyal, ekonomik ve politik etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, İngiltere’nin Osmanlı ve İran ile yaptığı ticari anlaşmalar, bölgedeki demiryolu ve liman projeleri, telgraf hatlarının inşası gibi modernleşme girişimleri detaylandırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, İngiltere’nin bölgedeki ticaret yollarını güvence altına almak için nasıl bir diplomatik ve askeri politika izlediği değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İngiltere , Hindistan , Rusya , İran , Ticaret Rotası.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışma; TÜBİTAK 2219 Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Programı kapsamında desteklenen ve University of Cambridge’de, metnin yazarı (Mustafa Can Güripek) tarafından yürütülen ‘‘The Spread of the British Capital and Transformation of Local Actors in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th Centuries; Anaylsis of Financial and Commercial Structures’’ başlıklı proje kapsamında hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada kişiler ve kurumlar arası çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. Telif hakkına sebep olacak bir materyal kullan

THE BRITISH EMPIRE’S EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE INTO THE TRABZON-TABRIZ TRADE ROUTE IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Öz

This article examines the Trabzon-Tabriz trade route and Britain’s strategic goals within the context of 19th-century efforts to strengthen links between India and Europe. From the late 18th century onwards, Britain had consolidated its rule in India and began searching for new connections to maximize the region’s economic potential. The route stretching from the Black Sea through Ottoman and Iranian territories to India was considered a promising corridor to facilitate such trade. This study explores Britain's attempts to expand and secure its presence along this path through diplomatic engagement with the Ottoman and Qajar states, infrastructure projects, and competition with Russia. British policies to shape Indian trade in the 19th century triggered significant changes in both Ottoman and Iranian economies and altered regional power dynamics. The development of the Trabzon-Tabriz route was not only central to Britain’s strategies but also crucial for integrating Ottoman and Iranian markets into global networks. The article investigates how Britain pursued its interests through treaties, railway and port construction, telegraph lines, and how these initiatives affected the region socially, economically, and politically. It also assesses the diplomatic and military strategies Britain employed to secure access and influence in the area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

England , India , Russia , Iran , Trade Route

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