OECD ÜLKELERİNDE DOĞUMDA BEKLENEN YAŞAM SÜRESİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: EKONOMİK, SAĞLIK VE ÇEVRESEL FAKTÖRLERİN AMPİRİK ANALİZİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 , 1153 - 1167 , 31.12.2025

Mustafa Uzan , Adnan Karaıbrahımoglu

https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1748907

https://izlik.org/JA64MX73BW

Öz

Bu çalışma, OECD ülkelerinde doğumda beklenen yaşam süresini (DBYS) etkileyen başlıca ekonomik, sağlık sistemi ve çevresel faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz, kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH), kamu sağlık harcaması, sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH içindeki oranı, hava kirliliğine maruz kalan nüfusun oran (PM2.5) ve 65 yaş üstü nüfus oranı değişkenlerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada kesitsel analiz deseni benimsenmiş ve 2021 yılına ait OECD ve Dünya Bankası verileri kullanılmıştır. 38 ülkeye ait veriler SPSS 26 programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Öncelikle betimleyici istatistikler ve Pearson korelasyonları hesaplanmış; ardından çoklu doğrusal regresyon ve ikili lojistik regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen gelir düzeyinin DBYS üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi saptanmıştır (p<0.01). Kamu kişi başı sağlık harcamasının ise beklenmedik şekilde negatif yönlü ve anlamlı etkisi bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sağlık harcamalarının GSYİH oranı pozitif ancak anlamlılık sınırında kalmıştır. Hava kirliliği ve yaşlı nüfus oranı değişkenlerinin etkileri anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Yaşam süresi yalnızca harcama miktarıyla değil, sağlık sistemlerinin yapısı, hizmet kapsayıcılığı ve kaynak verimliliğiyle şekillenmektedir. Ekonomik refah, yaşam süresini artıran temel belirleyici olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Politika yapıcıların sağlık sistemlerinin organizasyonel etkinliğine ve önleyici sağlık hizmetlerine odaklanmaları gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi , sağlık harcamaları , hava kirliliği , oecd , sağlık ekonomisi

DETERMINANTS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH IN OECD COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

https://izlik.org/JA64MX73BW

Öz

This study aims to identify the key economic, healthcare system, and environmental determinants of life expectancy at birth (LEB) across OECD countries. It focuses on GDP per capita, public health expenditure per capita, health expenditure as a share of GDP, percentage of population exposed to air pollution (PM2.5), and the proportion of population aged 65 and over. A cross-sectional design was adopted using 2021 data from OECD and World Bank databases. Data from 38 countries were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were first calculated, followed by multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses. GDP per capita showed a statistically significant positive effect on LEB (p<0.01). Surprisingly, public health expenditure per capita had a negative and significant impact (p<0.05), suggesting possible inefficiencies in resource allocation. Health expenditure as a share of GDP was positively associated with LEB, though its effect was marginally significant. Air pollution and the proportion of elderly population were not statistically significant. Life expectancy is shaped not only by the amount of spending but by how effectively and equitably resources are utilized. Economic prosperity remains a key driver of improved health outcomes. Policymakers should prioritize systemic efficiency, preventive services, and universal access to primary care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

life expectancy at birth , health expenditure , air pollution , oecd , health economics

Kaynakça

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