ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLERDE ‘BAHÇIVAN DEVLET’: PUTİN RUSYA’SININ YAKIN ÇEVRE POLİTİKASI

Öz

Bu çalışma, Zygmunt Bauman’ın bahçıvan devlet ve bahçe kültürü metaforlarını uluslararası ilişkiler ve dış politika analizine uyarlayarak, Rusya’nın Putin döneminde eski Sovyet coğrafyasındaki Yakın Çevre politikasını ele almaktadır. Bauman’ın metaforu, devletlerin kendi “bahçelerinde” arzulanan düzeni tesis etmek için “yabani otları” yani dışlayıcı ve tehdit algılanan unsurları kontrol etme, engelleme ve gerekirse şiddetle tasfiye etme eğilimini anlamada güçlü bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, Rusya’nın 1990’larda yaşadığı travmatik dönüşüm sonrası 2000’lerden itibaren Yakın Çevre doktrinini güçlendirmesi, NATO ve AB’nin eski Sovyet coğrafyasına genişlemesiyle oluşan gerilimler ve Rusya’nın Gürcistan savaşı, Kırım’ın ilhakı ile Ukrayna savaşındaki politikaları bu metafor çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Putin’in bölgedeki etkisini yeniden tesis etme çabası, dış politikada egemenlik, statü ve normatif düzen arayışı ile örtüşmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, sosyal teori ve siyaset-pratik arasındaki köprüyü kurarak, güncel uluslararası ilişkilerde devlet davranışlarını anlamaya katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rusya
• Rus Dış Politikası
• Yakın Çevre Doktrini
• Zygmunt Bauman
• Bahçıvan Devlet
• Retrotopya

THE ‘GARDENING STATE’ IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: PUTIN’S RUSSIA AND ITS NEAR ABROAD POLICY

Öz

This study adapts Zygmunt Bauman’s metaphors of the gardening state and garden culture to the analysis of international relations and foreign policy, examining Russia’s Near Abroad policy during the Putin era in the post-Soviet space. Bauman’s metaphor provides a powerful framework for understanding states’ tendencies to establish a desired order within their “gardens” by controlling, preventing, and if necessary, violently eliminating “weeds,” i.e., exclusionary and perceived threats. The study analyzes Russia’s traumatic transformations in the 1990s, its strengthening of the Near Abroad doctrine since the 2000s, tensions arising from NATO and the EU’s eastward expansion into the former Soviet space, and Russia’s policies in the Georgia war, the annexation of Crimea, and the Ukraine war within this metaphorical framework. Putin’s efforts to reassert influence in the region align with foreign policy concerns over sovereignty, status, and normative order. This work aims to bridge social theory and political practice, contributing to a deeper understanding of state behavior in contemporary international relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Russia
• Russian Foreign Policy
• Near Abroad Doctrine
• Zygmunt Bauman
• Gardening State
• Retrotopia;

Kaynakça

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