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SEKÜLERLEŞME TEORİLERİ MERCEĞİNDEN TOPLUMSAL STATÜ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 129 - 142, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1105710

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Argyle, M., Psychology and Religion, (2000), Routledge, London
  • Başaran, B., (2019), “Sosyal refah ve sekülerleşme: Sekülerleşme kuramlarına refah rejimleri perspektifinden bir bakış” , Toplum ve Bilim (149)
  • Batson, C. D., & Stocks, E. L. (2004). Religion: Its core psychological functions. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology (p. 141–155). Guilford Press.
  • Buttrick NR, Oishi S. “The psychological consequences of income inequality”. Soc.Personal Psychol Compass. 2017;11:e12304
  • Bentzen, J. S. (2013) “Origins of Religiousness: The Role of Natural Disasters”, Discussion Papers 13(02), University of Copenhagen, https://ideas.repec.org/p/kud/kuiedp/1302.html
  • Berger, P. (2011) Kutsal Şemsiye: Dinin Sosyolojik Teorisinin Ana Unsurları, Rağbet, İstanbul.
  • Brady, D., Beckfield, J. ve Seeleib-Kaiser, M. (2005) “Economic Globalization and the Welfare State in Affluent Democracies, 1975-2001”, American Sociological Review, 70.
  • Bruce, S. (2002) God is Dead: Secularization in the West, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey.
  • Casanova, J, (1994), Public Religions in the Modern World, University of Chicago Press,
  • Casanova, J. (2007) “Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective”, International Studies in Religion and Society, 6.
  • Casanova, J. (2013), New Religious Movements as a Global Phenomenon Between Secularization, Religious Revival and Fundamentalism, https://weltkirche.katholisch.de/Portals/0/Dokumente/DBK_NRB_Casanova_New_Religious_Movements.pdf
  • Davis, N., Robinson, R. (2015), Dinsel Hareketler ve Sosyal Refah: Mısır, İsrail, İtalya ve ABD, İletişim, İstanbul
  • Durkheim, E. (2005) Dini Hayatın İlkel Biçimleri, Ataç, İstanbul.
  • Dobbelaere, K. (2004) Secularization: An Analysis at Three Levels, PIE.
  • Ertit, V. (2019) Sekülerleşme Teorisi, Liberte, Ankara.
  • Garland, D. (2016), The Welfare State: A Very Short Introduction, The Oxford University Press, Oxford
  • Gallup/wi, (2017), A Global Report on Religion, http://gallup.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Global-Report-on-Religion-2.pdf
  • Gill, A., Lundsgaarde, E. (2004). State Welfare Spending and Religiosity: A Cross-National Analysis. Rationality and Society, 16(4), 399–43
  • Immerzeel, T. ve van Tubergen, F. (2013) “Religion as Reassurance? Testing the Insecurity Theory in 26 European Countries”, European Sociological Review, 29(2).
  • Layte, R, (2012), “The Association Between Income Inequality and Mental Health: Testing Status Anxiety, Social Capital, and Neo-Materialist Explanations” European Sociological Review. 28. 498-511. 10.2307/23272534.
  • Layte, R; Whelan, C. (2014) ”Who feels inferior? A test of the status anxiety hypothesis of social inequalities in health”, ESRI Working Paper, No. 476, The Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Dublin
  • Luckmann, Thomas, (1967) The Invisible Religion, Macmillan,
  • Malinowski, B. (1990) Büyü, Bilim ve Din, Kabalcı, İstanbul.
  • Natcen, (2016), “Religion in Britain”, http://natcen.ac.uk/blog/religion-in-britain-in-2016
  • Norris, P. ve Inglehart, R. (2004) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Norris, P., Inglehart, R., “Uneven secularization in the United States and Western Europe”, Democracy and the New Religious Pluralism (OUP, 2007) içinde Paul, G, (2005), "Cross-National Correlations of Quantifiable Societal Health with Popularity Religiosity and Secularism in the Prosperous Democracies". Journal of Religion & Society. 7: 1–17.
  • Pew, “Nones on the rise”, (2012), https://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/
  • Pew, “America’s changing religious landscape”, 2015, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/
  • Pew Research Center. (2018) “The Age Gap in Religion Around the World”, Haziran, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/06/14112107/ReligiousCommitment-FULL-WEB.pdf
  • Pickett, K; Oliver J, Wilkinson, R, (2006) “Income Inequality and the Prevalence of Mental Illness: A Preliminary International Analysis.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 60: 646-47
  • Pickett, K., Wilkinson, R., (2009) Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Better, Bloomsbury
  • Pickett, K., Wilkinson, R., (2015), “Income Inequality and Health: A Causal Review” Social Science & Medicine,128. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031.
  • Rees, T. J. (2009) “Is Personal Insecurity a Cause of Cross-National Differences in the Intensity of Religious Belief?”, The Kripke Center, 11.
  • Ruiter, S., Van Tubergen, F., “Religious attendance in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of 60 countries”, American Journal of Sociology, 2009
  • Sedikides, C., & Gebauer, J. E. (2014). Religion and the self. In V. Saroglou (Ed.), Religion, personality, and social behavior (p. 46–70). Psychology Press
  • Scheve, K., Stasavage, D., (2006) “Religion and preferences for social insurance”, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 1-3
  • Sibley, C. G. ve Bulbulia, J. (2012) “Faith after an Earthquake: A Longitudinal Study of Religion and Perceived Health Before and After the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand Earthquake”, PloS ONE, 7(12), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049648 theguardian.com, (2016), “People of no religion outnumber Christians in England and Wales”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/23/no-religion-outnumber-christians-england-wales-study
  • Wilson, B. R., (1967) Religion in Secular Society, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

SEKÜLERLEŞME TEORİLERİ MERCEĞİNDEN TOPLUMSAL STATÜ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 129 - 142, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1105710

Öz

Bu çalışmada aşağıdaki hipotezler çerçevesinde özetlenebilecek bir sekülerleşme-gelir eşitsizliği bağıntısı öne sürülmekte ve bu ilişki literatürde mevcut araştırmalar üzerinden toplumsal statü algısı bağlamında tartışılmaktadır.

1) Sekülerleşme özellikle mikro düzeyde, modernleşme ile koşut (tarihsel) ve örtüşen (güncel) bir süreçtir.

2) Sekülerleşme süreci varoluşsal güvenlik düzeyi ile nedensel bir ilişki içerisinde ilerlemektedir. (Güvenli Sekülerleşme Yaklaşımı)

3) Sekülerleşme ile gelir eşitsizliği düzeyi (GINI) arasında olumsuz bir korelasyon mevcuttur.

4) Bu durum ilk hipotezle doğrudan açıklanamayan sekülerleşme düzey farklarını açıklayabileceği gibi modernleşme ile sekülerleşme bağıntısına klasik kuramda önerilen ekonomik dönüşümce belirlenmiş “toplumsal farklılaşma-uzmanlaşma”, “bilimsel gelişme”, “rasyonel düşünce alışkanlığının yaygınlaşması” gibi dinamiklere nazaran daha isabetli bir biçimde hitap edebilen siyasi modernleşme dinamiğini öne çıkarmayı gerektirir.

5) Varoluşsal güvenlik ile sekülerleşme arası etkileşim çağdaş toplumlarda dinin süregiden bilişsel (duygusal) ve toplumsal işlevselliklerinin hayatiyetiyle açıklanabilir.

6) Güvenli sekülerleşme kuramcıları bu etkileşimi salt bilişsel boyutla ele almış ve güvencesiz koşullarda dini inançların bireylere denetim ve öngörü duygulanımı veren; teskin edici, kaygı giderici işlevi üzerinden açıklamakla yetinmişlerdir. Ancak bu bilişsel (duygusal) etkileşime ilave olarak dinin eşitsiz toplumlarda önemini arttıran, bir diğer psikososyal işlevi statü yetersizliği duygularını teskin eden, özsaygı pekiştirici, olumlu benlik değerlendirme katkısı da öne sürülebilir. Toplumsal Statünün keskin karşıtlıklarla tanımlandığı eşitsiz toplumlarda dinselliğin statü atfedici katkısı ön plana geçer görünmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Argyle, M., Psychology and Religion, (2000), Routledge, London
  • Başaran, B., (2019), “Sosyal refah ve sekülerleşme: Sekülerleşme kuramlarına refah rejimleri perspektifinden bir bakış” , Toplum ve Bilim (149)
  • Batson, C. D., & Stocks, E. L. (2004). Religion: Its core psychological functions. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology (p. 141–155). Guilford Press.
  • Buttrick NR, Oishi S. “The psychological consequences of income inequality”. Soc.Personal Psychol Compass. 2017;11:e12304
  • Bentzen, J. S. (2013) “Origins of Religiousness: The Role of Natural Disasters”, Discussion Papers 13(02), University of Copenhagen, https://ideas.repec.org/p/kud/kuiedp/1302.html
  • Berger, P. (2011) Kutsal Şemsiye: Dinin Sosyolojik Teorisinin Ana Unsurları, Rağbet, İstanbul.
  • Brady, D., Beckfield, J. ve Seeleib-Kaiser, M. (2005) “Economic Globalization and the Welfare State in Affluent Democracies, 1975-2001”, American Sociological Review, 70.
  • Bruce, S. (2002) God is Dead: Secularization in the West, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey.
  • Casanova, J, (1994), Public Religions in the Modern World, University of Chicago Press,
  • Casanova, J. (2007) “Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective”, International Studies in Religion and Society, 6.
  • Casanova, J. (2013), New Religious Movements as a Global Phenomenon Between Secularization, Religious Revival and Fundamentalism, https://weltkirche.katholisch.de/Portals/0/Dokumente/DBK_NRB_Casanova_New_Religious_Movements.pdf
  • Davis, N., Robinson, R. (2015), Dinsel Hareketler ve Sosyal Refah: Mısır, İsrail, İtalya ve ABD, İletişim, İstanbul
  • Durkheim, E. (2005) Dini Hayatın İlkel Biçimleri, Ataç, İstanbul.
  • Dobbelaere, K. (2004) Secularization: An Analysis at Three Levels, PIE.
  • Ertit, V. (2019) Sekülerleşme Teorisi, Liberte, Ankara.
  • Garland, D. (2016), The Welfare State: A Very Short Introduction, The Oxford University Press, Oxford
  • Gallup/wi, (2017), A Global Report on Religion, http://gallup.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Global-Report-on-Religion-2.pdf
  • Gill, A., Lundsgaarde, E. (2004). State Welfare Spending and Religiosity: A Cross-National Analysis. Rationality and Society, 16(4), 399–43
  • Immerzeel, T. ve van Tubergen, F. (2013) “Religion as Reassurance? Testing the Insecurity Theory in 26 European Countries”, European Sociological Review, 29(2).
  • Layte, R, (2012), “The Association Between Income Inequality and Mental Health: Testing Status Anxiety, Social Capital, and Neo-Materialist Explanations” European Sociological Review. 28. 498-511. 10.2307/23272534.
  • Layte, R; Whelan, C. (2014) ”Who feels inferior? A test of the status anxiety hypothesis of social inequalities in health”, ESRI Working Paper, No. 476, The Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Dublin
  • Luckmann, Thomas, (1967) The Invisible Religion, Macmillan,
  • Malinowski, B. (1990) Büyü, Bilim ve Din, Kabalcı, İstanbul.
  • Natcen, (2016), “Religion in Britain”, http://natcen.ac.uk/blog/religion-in-britain-in-2016
  • Norris, P. ve Inglehart, R. (2004) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Norris, P., Inglehart, R., “Uneven secularization in the United States and Western Europe”, Democracy and the New Religious Pluralism (OUP, 2007) içinde Paul, G, (2005), "Cross-National Correlations of Quantifiable Societal Health with Popularity Religiosity and Secularism in the Prosperous Democracies". Journal of Religion & Society. 7: 1–17.
  • Pew, “Nones on the rise”, (2012), https://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/
  • Pew, “America’s changing religious landscape”, 2015, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/
  • Pew Research Center. (2018) “The Age Gap in Religion Around the World”, Haziran, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/06/14112107/ReligiousCommitment-FULL-WEB.pdf
  • Pickett, K; Oliver J, Wilkinson, R, (2006) “Income Inequality and the Prevalence of Mental Illness: A Preliminary International Analysis.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 60: 646-47
  • Pickett, K., Wilkinson, R., (2009) Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Better, Bloomsbury
  • Pickett, K., Wilkinson, R., (2015), “Income Inequality and Health: A Causal Review” Social Science & Medicine,128. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031.
  • Rees, T. J. (2009) “Is Personal Insecurity a Cause of Cross-National Differences in the Intensity of Religious Belief?”, The Kripke Center, 11.
  • Ruiter, S., Van Tubergen, F., “Religious attendance in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of 60 countries”, American Journal of Sociology, 2009
  • Sedikides, C., & Gebauer, J. E. (2014). Religion and the self. In V. Saroglou (Ed.), Religion, personality, and social behavior (p. 46–70). Psychology Press
  • Scheve, K., Stasavage, D., (2006) “Religion and preferences for social insurance”, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 1-3
  • Sibley, C. G. ve Bulbulia, J. (2012) “Faith after an Earthquake: A Longitudinal Study of Religion and Perceived Health Before and After the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand Earthquake”, PloS ONE, 7(12), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049648 theguardian.com, (2016), “People of no religion outnumber Christians in England and Wales”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/23/no-religion-outnumber-christians-england-wales-study
  • Wilson, B. R., (1967) Religion in Secular Society, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Barış Başaran 0000-0001-7048-7713

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Başaran, B. (2022). SEKÜLERLEŞME TEORİLERİ MERCEĞİNDEN TOPLUMSAL STATÜ. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1105710

Nişantaşı Üniversitesi kurumsal yayınıdır.