THE RISE OF AUDIO-BASED COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: A RESEARCH ON PODCAST, CLUBHOUSE AND AUDIOBOOK APPLICATIONS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 0 - 0, 02.01.2023

Gül Esra Atalay , Eda Azap , Kumsal Kınay , Sena Özşirin

https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1114873

Öz

Due to development of digital technologies traditional cultural forms have been transferred to digital platforms and old forms are being re-used by being adapted to digital sphere. Recently, the use of digital technologies based on sound has become widespread. During the COVID 19 epidemic, the use of audiobooks, podcasts, and voice messaging applications has increased, and a voice-based social media platform called Clubhouse has emerged. In the last decade, although new media technologies have enabled uninterrupted and social media has created a new digital culture, the demand for applications based only on sound is in need of academic inquiry. Based on the qualitative method, this research aims to understand why these technologies are preferred and the reasons for their increased use, through in-depth interviews with individuals who use voice-based digital communication opportunities. Individuals using audio digital technologies prefer to use these technologies because they allow them to do more than one job at the same time, can be listened to anywhere at any time, and are based on speech. The results of the research showed that digital communication possibilities based on sound on the basis of the techno-determinist approach are the latest milestone in the development of "secondary oral culture”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Verbal communication, Podcast, Clubhouse, Audiobook, Techno-determinism, Multitasking

THE RISE OF AUDIO-BASED COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: A RESEARCH ON PODCAST, CLUBHOUSE AND AUDIOBOOK APPLICATIONS

Öz

Dijital teknolojilerin gelişimi, geleneksel biçimlerin dijital platformlara taşınması ve eski formların dijitale uyumlanarak yeniden kullanıma girmesine imkân tanımıştır. Son yıllarda sese dayalı dijital teknolojilerin kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle COVID 19 salgını döneminde sesli kitap, podcast, sesli mesajlaşma uygulamalarının kullanımı artmış, Clubhouse isimli sesli iletişim temelli bir sosyal medya platformu da ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle son on yılda yeni medya teknolojilerinin kesintisiz ve net görüntülü görüşmelere imkân tanımasına, sosyal medya mecralarının görmek ve görülmeyi yücelten yeni bir dijital kültür yaratmasına rağmen, yalnızca sese dayalı dijital teknoloji ve uygulamaların gördüğü rağbet akademik sorgulamaya muhtaçtır. Nitel yöntemi temel alan bu araştırma sese dayalı dijital iletişim olanaklarını kullanan bireylerle yapılan derinlemesine görüşmeler üzerinden bu teknolojilerin neden tercih edildiklerini, hangi ihtiyaçlara karşılık geldiklerini ve artan kullanımlarının nedenlerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Sesli dijital teknolojileri kullanan bireyler aynı anda birden fazla iş yapmaya imkân tanıması, her an her yerde senkronize ve asenkronize şekilde dinlenilebilmesi ve doğal bir iletişim biçimi olan konuşmaya dayanması nedeniyle bu teknolojileri kullanmayı tercih etmektedirler. Araştırma sonuçları tekno-belirlenimci yaklaşım temelinde sese dayalı dijital iletişim olanaklarının “ikincil sözlü kültürün gelişimindeki son nokta olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sözlü iletişim, Podcast, Clubhouse, Sesli kitap, Tekno-belirlenimcilik, Çoklu görev

Kaynakça

• Akustik. (No date). Etimoloji Turkish Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/arama/akustik.
• Aldyab, A. (2017). The importance of Listening When Learning Foreign Language. International Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS). Special Issue. 2, 440-448.
• Alzahabi, R., & Becker, M. W. (2013). The association between media multitasking, task-switching, and dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(5), 1485.
• Baumgartner, S. E., Weeda, W. D., Van der Heijden, L. L., & Huizinga, M. (2014). The relationship between media multitasking and executive function in early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(8), 1120-1144.
• Biewen, J., & Dilworth, A. (Eds.). (2017). Reality radio: telling true stories in sound. USA: UNC Press Books.
• Bonini, T. (2014). The ‘second age’of podcasting: Reframing podcasting as a new digital mass medium. Quaderns del CAC, 41(18), 21-30.
• Bonini, T. (2015). Radio Audiences and Participation in the Age of Network Society., Bonini, T., & Monclus, B. (Eds.). The listener as producer: the rise of the networked listener. (pp. 1-36). London: Routledge,
• Brown, S. (2006). Teaching listening. USA: Cambridge University Press.
• Delbridge, K. A. (2000). Individual differences in multi‐tasking ability: Exploring anomological network. (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing). Retrieved from https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/30486.
• Dzubak, C. M. (2008). “Multitasking: The good, the bad, and the unknown”. The Journal of the Association for the Tutoring Profession, pp. 1–12.
• Edwards, K. S., & Shin, M. (2017). Media multitasking and implicit learning. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79(5), 1535-1549.
• Frost, J., & Bybee, B. (2017). The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures., Worthington, D. L., & Bodie, G. D. (Eds.). Multitasking While Listening. (pp. 458-464.). John Wiley & Sons.
• Geoghegan, M., Cangialosi, G., Irelan, R., Bourquin, T., & Vogele, C. (2012). Podcast academy: the business podcasting book: launching, marketing, and measuring your Podcast. USA: CRC Press.
• Hammersley, B. (2004, January 12). Audible revolution. [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia. 20th June 2021.
• Holtz, S., & Hobson, N. (2007). How to do everything with podcasting. USA: McGraw-Hill. İmren, M. (2021). The effects of media multitasking on cognitive control ability (Doctoral dissertation, Uludağ University, Institute of Social Sciences Bursa). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Kline, J. A. (1996). Listening Effectively. Washington: Air University Press.
• Madsen, V. M. (2009). Voices-cast: a report on the new audiosphere of podcasting with specific insights for public broadcasting.
• McElhearn, K., Giles, R., & Herrington, J. D. (2005). Podcasting Pocket Guide. O'Reilly Media, Inc.
• McHugh, S. (2016). How podcasting is changing the audio storytelling genre. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 14(1), 65–82. doi:10.1386/rjao.14.1.65_1
• Meyer, D. E. & Keiras, D. E. (1997). A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple‐task performance: Part 1. Basic Mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3–65. doi:10.1037/0033‐295x.104.1.3
• O’Malley, J. M., Chamot, A. U. & Kupper, L. (1989). Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 10(4), 418-437.
• Ong, W. (2012). Orality and Literacy (S. Postacıoğlu, Trans.). İstanbul: Metis.
• Podcast. (No date). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/podcast.
• Radcliffe, D. (2021). Audio chatrooms like clubhouse have become the hot new media by tapping into the age-old appeal of the human voice. The Conversation. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3796686
• Rost, M. (2011). Teaching and researching listening. Britain: Pearson Education.
• Şad, S. N., Özer, N., & Atli, A. (2019). Use of Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education - JOQRE, 7 (2), 873-898.
• Saricks, J. G. (2011). Read On...Audiobooks: Reading Lists For Every Taste. California: Libraries Unlimited.
• Semercioğlu, C. (2019, October 23) Listening to podcasts like listening to songs: Microcast. [Web log post]. Retreived from: https://www.newslabturkey.org/sarki-dinler-gibi-podcast-dinlemek-microcast/.
• Small, G. & Vorgan, G. (2009) Modern Beynin Evrimi. (M. Duygun, Trans.). İstanbul: Omega Yayınları.
• Social, W. A. Hootsuite. (2021). Digital 2021 Global Overview Report. We are Social.
• Strielkowski, W. (2021). Clubhouse: Yet Another Social Network?. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3832599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3832599.
• Tattersall Wallin, E. (2020). Reading by listening: conceptualising audiobook practices in the age of streaming subscription services. Journal of Documentation. DOI: 10.1108/JD-06-2020-0098.
• Tattersall Wallin, E., & Nolin, J. (2019). Time to read: Exploring the timespaces of subscription-based audiobooks. New media & society, 22(3), 470-488. DOI: 10.1177/1461444819864691.
• Tolan, S. (2017). The voice and the place. Biewen J., & Dilworth, A. (Eds.). Reality radio: telling true stories in sound. USA: UNC Press Books.
• Tyagi, B. (2013). Listening: An Important Skill and Its Various Aspects. The Criterion.
• Vandergrift, L. (1999). Facilitating second language listening comprehension: Acquiring successful strategies. ELT Journal, 53(3), 168-176.
• Waldmann, E. (2020). From Storytelling to Storylistening: How the Hit Podcast S-Town Reconfigured the Production and Reception of Narrative Nonfiction. Ex-centric Narratives: Journal of Anglophone Literature, Culture and Media, (4), 28-42.
• Yıldırım, S., & Yıldırım, Ö. (2016). The importance of listening in language learning and listening comprehension problems experienced by language learners: A literature review. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 16(4), 2094-2110.
• Yücel, R. (2020). Short History of Podcast: Birth, Rise, Monetization. Journal of Erciyes Communication, 7(2), 1303-1319.