Araştırma Makalesi

Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī

Sayı: 2 31 Mayıs 2023
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Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī

Öz

The argument of obligation beyond capacity was one of the main arguments of the Ashʿarites that promoted a different stance from other Islamic theological schools. Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī (d. 756/1355), as a late Ashʿarite scholar, provides sophisticated arguments and marks the final link of the Ashʿarite school. This paper presents and discusses al-Ījī’s argument of obligation beyond capacity and delineates the Ashʿarite reasoning behind their stance. There are two requisites for understanding the argument: the first one is constructing a clear image of the Ash’arite conceptions of divine ethics and the second one is explaining their position about the contingent power. Therefore, the paper starts by summarizing al-Ījī’s conception of God and His attributes and then discusses the value judgement of divine actions on both actual and possible levels. The nature and efficacy of human power is sufficiently clarified before delving into al-Ījī’s argument. Because the Muʿtazilites are the main opponents in Al-Ījī’s and other Ashʿarites’ arguments, we dedicate some parts to explain their arguments and objections. The Muʿtazilites that we are focusing on are the late Muʿtazilites of the Basra school, such as al-Qāḍī Abdul Jabbār and Ibn al-Malāḥimī. Al-Ījī, unlike other ashʿarites, divided obligation beyond capacity into three levels: low, middle, and high. In each level, he discusses first the rational possibility and then affirms or denies the existence of such an obligation. In the discussion of these three levels of obligation beyond capacity, al-Ījī’s Ashʿarite character is clearly emphasized. The paper also includes other Ashʿarites’ contributions in order to explicate and enrich al-Ījī’s arguments. As a result, the paper gives a comprehensive account of al-Ījī’s three levels of obligation beyond capacity in light of the Ashʿarite understanding of divine ethics and highlights the interconnection between the Ashʿarite position on this argument and their understanding of divine ethics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. al-Abharī, Sayf al-Dīn. Sharḥ al-Mawāqif. İstanbul: Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Lalali, 2372.
  2. al-Ashʿarī, Alī Bin Ismaʿil. Al-Lumaʿ fi al-Rad ʿalā Ahal al-Zayg wa al-Bidaʿ. Cairo: The Egyptian Press, 1955.
  3. al-Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr. Al-Insāf. 2nd ed. Cairo: al-Azhariā, 2000.
  4. Craig, William Lane. The Kalām Cosmological Argument. London: The Macmillan Press LTD, 1979.
  5. Craig, William Lane. Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism: Omniscience. Leiden: Brill, 1991.
  6. al-Ghazālī, Muḥammad bin Muḥammad. Al-Iqtiṣad fi al-‘Itikad. Beirut: Darul Minhaj, 2016.
  7. Griffel, Frank. The Formation of Post- Classical Philosophy in Islam. Oxford: University Press, 2021.
  8. Ibn al-Malāḥīmī, Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad. Al-Faiq fi Usūl al-Dīn. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub, 2010.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Din Araştırmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

30 Mayıs 2023

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Nisan 2023

Kabul Tarihi

18 Mayıs 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Makdod, M. (2023). Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī. Nisar, 2, 89-111. https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD
AMA
1.Makdod M. Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī. NİSAR. 2023;(2):89-111. https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD
Chicago
Makdod, Mohammad. 2023. “Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī”. Nisar, sy 2: 89-111. https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD.
EndNote
Makdod M (01 Mayıs 2023) Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī. Nisar 2 89–111.
IEEE
[1]M. Makdod, “Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī”, NİSAR, sy 2, ss. 89–111, May. 2023, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD
ISNAD
Makdod, Mohammad. “Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī”. Nisar. 2 (01 Mayıs 2023): 89-111. https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD.
JAMA
1.Makdod M. Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī. NİSAR. 2023;:89–111.
MLA
Makdod, Mohammad. “Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī”. Nisar, sy 2, Mayıs 2023, ss. 89-111, https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD.
Vancouver
1.Mohammad Makdod. Divine Ethics and Obligation Beyond Capacity According to Aḍuḍ al-Dīn al-Ījī. NİSAR [Internet]. 01 Mayıs 2023;(2):89-111. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA32LK97HD