İklim Değişikliğinin Yenidoğan Bebekler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Derleme Makale

Öz

İklim değişikliği, 21. yüzyılın en önemli küresel sağlık tehditlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu tehdit, toplumun en savunmasız üyeleri olan yenidoğanlar ve fetüsler üzerinde orantısız bir şekilde daha fazla risk oluşturmaktadır. Dünya genelinde 1990 yılında 5 milyon olan yenidoğan ölümleri, 2019 yılında 2,4 milyona kadar düşüş göstermiştir. Ölüm hızındaki düşüşlere rağmen yenidoğan döneminde yaşanılan ölümler, diğer çocukluk dönemlerinde yaşanılan ölümlerden daha yüksek riskte devam etmiştir. Bu derleme makalesi, son on yılda yayımlanan temel araştırma ve derlemeleri sentezleyerek iklim değişikliğinin yenidoğan sağlığı üzerindeki çok yönlü etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bulgular, artan ortam sıcaklıkları ve hava kirliliği gibi doğrudan etkilerin; erken doğum, düşük doğum ağırlığı, ölü doğum ve doğumsal anomali risklerini artırdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, aşırı hava olaylarının neden olduğu sağlık hizmetlerinde kesintiler, gıda güvensizliği ve artan enfeksiyon hastalıkları gibi dolaylı etkiler de yenidoğan sağlığını ciddi şekilde tehdit ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, iklim değişikliğinin yenidoğan bebekler üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı yeterli değildir. Özellikle ülkemizde olmak üzere iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini ortaya çıkaran çalışmaların daha fazla yapılması gerekmektedir. İklim değişikliği ile mücadele politikalarının, aynı zamanda anne ve çocuk sağlığını korumaya yönelik bir halk sağlığı stratejisi olarak ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevre Kirliliği
• iklim değişikliği
• Yenidoğan

The Impact of Climate Change on Newborn Babies

Öz

Climate change is recognized as one of the most significant global health threats of the 21st century. This threat poses a disproportionately greater risk to the most vulnerable members of society, newborns and fetuses. Globally, newborn deaths decreased from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019. Despite the decline in mortality rates, deaths in the neonatal period have continued to be at a higher risk than deaths in other childhood periods. This review article aims to examine the multifaceted effects of climate change on newborn health by synthesizing primary research and reviews published in the last decade. Findings show that direct effects, such as increased ambient temperatures and air pollution, increase the risks of premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. Furthermore, indirect effects such as disruptions in healthcare services, food insecurity, and increased infectious diseases caused by extreme weather events have also been identified as serious threats to newborn health. In conclusion, the number of studies examining the effects of climate change on newborn babies is insufficient. More studies revealing the effects of climate change are needed, especially in our country. It is emphasized that policies to combat climate change should also be addressed as a public health strategy aimed at protecting maternal and child health

Anahtar Kelimeler

• climate change
• Environmental Pollution
• Infant, newborn

Kaynakça

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