İklim Değişikliğinin Yenidoğan Bebekler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Derleme Makale

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 34 - 40, 29.01.2026

Gülsüm Gülcenbay , Türkan Turan

Öz

İklim değişikliği, 21. yüzyılın en önemli küresel sağlık tehditlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu tehdit, toplumun en savunmasız üyeleri olan yenidoğanlar ve fetüsler üzerinde orantısız bir şekilde daha fazla risk oluşturmaktadır. Dünya genelinde 1990 yılında 5 milyon olan yenidoğan ölümleri, 2019 yılında 2,4 milyona kadar düşüş göstermiştir. Ölüm hızındaki düşüşlere rağmen yenidoğan döneminde yaşanılan ölümler, diğer çocukluk dönemlerinde yaşanılan ölümlerden daha yüksek riskte devam etmiştir.
Bu derleme makalesi, son on yılda yayımlanan temel araştırma ve derlemeleri sentezleyerek iklim değişikliğinin yenidoğan sağlığı üzerindeki çok yönlü etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bulgular, artan ortam sıcaklıkları ve hava kirliliği gibi doğrudan etkilerin; erken doğum, düşük doğum ağırlığı, ölü doğum ve doğumsal anomali risklerini artırdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, aşırı hava olaylarının neden olduğu sağlık hizmetlerinde kesintiler, gıda güvensizliği ve artan enfeksiyon hastalıkları gibi dolaylı etkiler de yenidoğan sağlığını ciddi şekilde tehdit ettiği tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, iklim değişikliğinin yenidoğan bebekler üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı yeterli değildir. Özellikle ülkemizde olmak üzere iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini ortaya çıkaran çalışmaların daha fazla yapılması gerekmektedir. İklim değişikliği ile mücadele politikalarının, aynı zamanda anne ve çocuk sağlığını korumaya yönelik bir halk sağlığı stratejisi olarak ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre Kirliliği , iklim değişikliği , Yenidoğan

Etik Beyan

yoktur

Destekleyen Kurum

yoktur

Teşekkür

yoktur

The Impact of Climate Change on Newborn Babies

Öz

Climate change is recognized as one of the most significant global health threats of the 21st century. This threat poses a disproportionately greater risk to the most vulnerable members of society, newborns and fetuses. Globally, newborn deaths decreased from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019. Despite the decline in mortality rates, deaths in the neonatal period have continued to be at a higher risk than deaths in other childhood periods. This review article aims to examine the multifaceted effects of climate change on newborn health by synthesizing primary research and reviews published in the last decade. Findings show that direct effects, such as increased ambient temperatures and air pollution, increase the risks of premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. Furthermore, indirect effects such as disruptions in healthcare services, food insecurity, and increased infectious diseases caused by extreme weather events have also been identified as serious threats to newborn health. In conclusion, the number of studies examining the effects of climate change on newborn babies is insufficient. More studies revealing the effects of climate change are needed, especially in our country. It is emphasized that policies to combat climate change should also be addressed as a public health strategy aimed at protecting maternal and child health

Anahtar Kelimeler

climate change , Environmental Pollution , Infant, newborn

Etik Beyan

none

Destekleyen Kurum

none

Teşekkür

none

Kaynakça

• Akyüz, A., & Çeber, A. E. (2017). The effects of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes: A case-control study. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14(3), 164–171.
• Basu, R., Malig, B. J., & Ostro, B. D. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of heat exposure impacts on maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Nature Medicine, 30, 1237–1248.
• Bekkar, B., Pacheco, S., Basu, R., & DeNicola, N. (2020). Association of air pollution and heat exposure with preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the US: A systematic review. JAMA Network Open, 3(6), e208243.
• Chersich, M. F., Pham, M. D., Areal, A., Francis, S. C., Gounder, N., Gumedze, F., Haghighi, M. M., Manyuchi, A., Msuya, S. E., Quansah, R., Reyes, R., van der Merwe, M., Swift, C. P., Wernecke, B., Adesina, O. A., Adewole, I. F., Ajayi, A. I., Akpalu, B., Becerra-Culqui, T. A., . . . Scorgie, F. (2024). Heat exposure and perinatal mortality: A multicountry case-crossover study in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Planetary Health, 8(6), e413-e424.
• Chersich, M. F., Pham, M. D., Areal, A., Haghighi, M. M., Manyuchi, A., Swift, C. P., Wernecke, B., Robinson, M., Hetem, R., Boeckmann, M., & Scorgie, F. (2020). Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 371, m3811.
• Cirik, D., & Ozturk, A. (2018). The association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in the Zonguldak basin, Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 9(6), 1167-1174.
• Demirbaş, M., & Aydın, R. (2020). 21. Yüzyılın en büyük tehdidi: Küresel iklim değişikliği. Ecological Life Sciences, 15(4), 163–179.
• Food Security Information Network (FSIN). (2019). Global report on food crises 2019. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC_2019-Full_Report.pdf
• Helldén, D., Andersson, C., Nilsson, M., Ebi, K. L., Friberg, P., & Alfvén, T. (2021). Climate change and child health: A scoping review and a call for action. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(1), e24-e36.
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014b). Summary for policymakers. In C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. J. Dokken, K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. L. Ebi, Y. O. Estrada, R. C. Genova, B. Girma, E. S. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. Mac Cracken, P. R. Mastrandrea, & L. L. White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1–32). Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2018). Summary for policymakers. In V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P. R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, & T. Waterfield (Eds.), Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
• Koman, P. D., Hogan, K. A., Sampson, N., Mandell, R., Coombe, C. M., Tetteh, M., & Robins, T. G. (2018). Air pollution and children's health: A review of the past 10 years. Current Environmental Health Reports, 5(2), 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-018-0193-7
• Kuehn, L., & Schubert, C. P. (2022). Protecting pregnant people and babies from the health effects of climate change. New England Journal of Medicine, 387(9), 793-795.
• Lamichhane, D. K., Leem, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, H. C. (2015). A meta-analysis of exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes. Environmental Health and Toxicology, 30, e2015011.
• Liu, C., Chen, R., Ma, C., Meng, X., Kinney, P. L., Kan, H., & Huang, C. (2024). Temperature-related neonatal deaths attributable to climate change. Nature Communications, 15, 4989.
• Meherali, S., Aynalem, Y. A., Nisa, S. U., Kennedy, M., Salami, B., Adjorlolo, S., Ali, P., Silva, K. L., Aziato, L., Richter, S., & Lassi, Z. S. (2024). Impact of climate change on child outcomes: an evidence gap map review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 8(1), e002592.
• Portela, A., Diaz, T., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Zupan, J., Gólcher, C. T., Omer, S., Mishra, V., Mavalankar, D., Valongueiro, S., Kolsteren, P., Gichuhi, W., Lewis, J., Chou, D., Bahl, R., Temmerman, M., & Helder, M. (2024). Climate change, air pollution and maternal and newborn health: An overview of reviews of health outcomes. Journal of Global Health, 14, 04128.
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Meteorology (TOBMGM). (2019). 2018 yılı iklim değerlendirmesi. Ankara. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/yillikiklim/2018-iklim-raporu.pdf
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Meteorology (TOBMGM). (2020). 2019 yılı iklim değerlendirmesi. Ankara. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/files/iklim/yillikiklim/2019-iklim-raporu.pdf
• Rocque, R. J., Beaudoin, C., Ndjaboue, R., Cameron, L., Poirier-Stephens, L., Muanza, T., Guay, M., Liverpool, J., Ravel, A., Gosselin, P., & Smargiassi, A. (2021). Health effects of climate change: An overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Open, 11(6), e046333.
• Sun, S., Yang, C., Niu, Y., Zhang, J., & Xu, D. (2023). Short-term exposure to air pollution and infant mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(7), 76001.
• Şahin, Ü., & Öntaş, N. (2020). İklim değişikliğinin çocuk sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 159-167.
• Trading Economics. (2024). Turkey-Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births). https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/mortality-rate-infant-per-1-000-live-births-wb-data.html
• Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). (2024). Death and causes of death statistics, 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?dil=2&p=Death-and-Causes-of-Death-Statistics-2023-53709
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2024). Neonatal mortality. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal-mortality
• United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) (2024). Levels and trends in child mortality 2024. UNICEF. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://data.unicef.org/resources/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality-2024
• United Nations. (2024). Sustainable Development Goals report 2024: Extended report-Goal 3: Good health and well-being. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2024/extended-report/Extended-Report_Goal-3.pdf
• Wang, T., An, J., Chen, B., Webster, C. J., Gong, P., & Lin, C. (2025). In utero exposure to extreme heat increases neonatal mortality. PNAS Nexus, 4(8), 240.
• Wilkie, A. A., Krajewski, A. K., Njie, F., Park, K., Zelasky, S., Rappazzo, K. M., & Luben, T. J. (2025). Long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants and infant mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 267, 114587.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Turkey country data. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://data.who.int/countries/792
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (2019). 2019 concludes a decade of exceptional global heat and high-impact weather. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/2019-concludes-decade-of-exceptional-global-heat-and-high-impact-weather