Türkiye’deki Yabancı Uyruklu Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Stresle Baş Etmelerinde Din ve Maneviyatın Rolüne Yönelik Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma/ Foreign University Students' Opinions on The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Coping with Stress in Turkey: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
The research employed the criterion sampling method, a purposeful sampling approach, to select participants. Criterion sampling involves selecting individuals, events, objects, or situations that possess specific qualifications relevant to the research problem. The study sample comprised foreign students enrolled at Gümüşhane University. Inclusion criteria were being a voluntary foreign student with proficiency in Turkish, while exclusion criteria were non-university student status. To safeguard participant confidentiality, pseudonyms were used instead of real names.
The sample consisted of 35 female and 20 male participants, with 22 of them majoring in tourism guidance. Among the participants, 22 hailed from Azerbaijan, while 15 represented various African countries. The average age of foreign students was 17.57±2.19, ranging from 17 to 26 years old. Data collection occurred between January 15 and February 15, 2023, involving invited interviews with students who met the specified criteria. A total of 65 participants were interviewed in the study, with data collection concluding upon reaching data saturation. Interviews with foreign students were conducted using voice recorders in appropriate settings. Researchers utilized a semi-structured interview form, developed based on qualitative research methods, literature review, and input from three experts, and each interview lasted between 35 to 45 minutes.
Data analysis employed Colaizzi's (1978) 7-stage method for phenomenological studies. Key expressions within the interview texts were selected, reorganized into general terms, and then analyzed to elucidate underlying meanings. Researchers iteratively formulated and validated these meanings through discussions until consensus was achieved. Subsequently, themes and sub-themes were identified and organized in a clear and comprehensible manner. The research findings were shared with participants to enhance the accuracy and credibility of themes and content interpretation. Participant statements were included to allow readers to validate data interpretation and analysis.
In the data analysis, four primary categories were identified: 1) Perspectives on the Role of Spirituality in Coping with Stress, 2) Challenges Faced by Foreign Students, 3) Issues Related to Spirituality, and 4) Strategies for Mental Well-being. These categories encompassed eleven sub-themes, including aspects related to spirituality, social dynamics, physical well-being, and environmental factors.
The study revealed the significance of religion and spirituality in aiding foreign students in coping with challenges and managing stress. While most foreign students did not encounter religious issues, they often faced challenges related to spirituality. Feelings of isolation and exclusion due to living in a foreign country were occasionally reported. Notably, foreign students sought solace and support through familial connections, participation in social activities, and engagement in religious practices to safeguard and enhance their mental health.
In summary, this study offers initial insights into the significance of religion and spirituality in the stress-coping mechanisms of foreign university students studying in Turkey. The findings highlight the pivotal role of religion and spirituality in assisting students in managing challenges and stressors. It's notable that religious issues were not prevalent, but concerns related to spirituality emerged. Additionally, students occasionally experienced feelings of isolation and exclusion due to their foreign residence. To bolster their mental well-being, foreign students leaned on familial support, participation in social activities, and religious practices.
These outcomes underscore the importance of formulating policies that raise awareness of spirituality not only among guest students but also host students. It emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive initiatives aimed at fostering stronger interconnections among students.
Keywords
Türkiye’deki Yabancı Uyruklu Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Stresle Baş Etmelerinde Din ve Maneviyatın Rolüne Yönelik Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma/ Foreign University Students' Opinions on The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Coping with Stress in Turkey: A Qualitative Study
Öz
Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki yabancı uyruklu üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle baş etmelerinde din ve maneviyatın etkisine yönelik görüşlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojik araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 65 gönüllü yabancı öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Görüşmeler bireysel olarak ve yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, Colaizzi'nin fenomenolojik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde dört kategori (stresle baş etmede maneviyatın katkısına yönelik düşünceler, yabancı uyruklu öğrenci olmaktan dolayı yaşanan sorunlar, maneviyatla ilgili yaşanan sorunlar ve ruh sağlığına yönelik uygulamalar) on bir alt tema (ruhsal, sosyal, fiziksel, iletişim/ortam, kişiler, ortam, kişiler, sosyal, fiziksel ve ruhsal) saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaşadıkları zorluklarla mücadele etmeleri ve strese baş etmelerinde din ve maneviyatın çok önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin birçoğunun dini anlamda sorun yaşamadığı fakat maneviyatla ilgili sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin farklı bir ülkede yaşmaktan dolayı bazen yalnızlık hissettiği ve dışlanma yaşadığı bulgulanmıştır. Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin ruh sağlığını korumak ve geliştirmek için ailelerinden sosyal destek aldığı, sosyal aktiviteler ve dini uygulamalar yaptığı belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
