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Türkiye’nin Yumuşak Gücü ve Kamu Diplomasisi: 2002-2019 arası Sırbistan Örneği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 74 - 89, 24.06.2020

Öz

Bu çalışma yumuşak güç konseptini ve yumuşak gücün Türkiye’nin kamu diplomasisi’ni Sırbistan özelinde 2002- 2019 yılları arasında nasıl kullanıldığını incelemektedir. Bu makalede gelişen Sırbistan-Türkiye ilişkilerinde Türkiye’nin kamu diplomasisi’nin rolü çalışılmıştır. Örnek çalışma olarak Türkiye’nin kamu diplomasisinin araçları “devletten kamuya” ve “kamudan kamuya” olarak Sırbistan özelinde incelenmiştir. Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı (TİKA), Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı (YTB), Yunus Emre Enstitüsü (YEE) “devletten kamuya” ve Türk dizileri, turizm, ticaret “kamudan kamuya” kısmında incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Yıldız (2016). “Türk dizilerinin yeni hedefi Uzakdoğu pazarı”. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur-sanat/turk-dizilerinin-yeni-hedefi-uzakdogu-pazari/698829
  • Ağırseven, Nehir, and Örki, Armağan (2017). Evaluating Turkish TV Series as Soft Power Instruments, Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi-International Journal of Society Researches Volume:7 No:13.
  • Al-monitor (2013). Available at: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/erdogan-kosovo-turkey.html (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2017). “Sırbistan’daki Türk firma sayısı 2 yılda 3’ katlandı.” 03 March 2017. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/sirbistandaki-turk-firma-sayisi-2-yilda-3e-katlandi/763080 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2019). “Cooperation with Turkey Serbia’s national policy: envoy”, 20 February 2019. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/cooperation-with-turkey-serbias-national-policy-envoy/1398182 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2019). “Serbia begins building TurkStream gas conduit strectch”, 21 May 2019. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/serbia-begins-building-turkstream-gas-conduit-stretch/1483517 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2018). “Turkish aid agency donates medical devices to Serbia” 20 November 2018. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/turkish-aid-agency-donates-medical-devices-to-serbia/1316610 (19.08.2019).
  • Anholt, Simon (2014). “There is only one global superpower: public opinion”, 30 November 2014. Avaliable at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/nov/30/simon-anholt-good-country-party-global-superpower-public-opinion (19.08.2019).
  • Bachrach, P., & Baratz, M. S. (1963). “Decisions and Nondecisions: An Analytical Framework” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 57, Issue 3, pp. 632-642.
  • Blic (2010). Available at: https://www.blic.rs/zabava/vesti/tv-serija-1001-noc-rusi-rekorde-gledanosti/pm9bn11 (19.08.2019).
  • Boskovic Marija Mitrovic, Reljic Dusan, Vracic Alida (2015). “Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Elsewhere in the neighbourhood, New York, Palgrave Macmillian. pp. 100.
  • Cabric Nemanja, Nedelkovska Maja, Demoli Donjeta, Hamzic Amina (2013). “Turks Bewitch the Balkans with Their Addictive Soaps”, May 1 2013. Available at: https://balkaninsight.com/2013/05/01/turks-bewitch-the-balkans-with-their-addictive-soaps/ (19.08.2019).
  • Carr, E. H. & Cox, M. (2001). The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Collins, Richard (1990). Television: Policy and Culture, London: Unwin Hyman.
  • Cull, Nicholas (2008). Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616, pp. 31-54.
  • Dahl, R. A. (1957). “The Concept of Power” Behavioral Science, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 201-215.
  • Daily Sabah (2016). “Common history and culture: More Serbians learn Turkish with Yunus Emre Institute in Belgrade”. Available at: https://www.dailysabah.com/balkans/2016/06/08/common-history-and-culture-more-serbians-learn-turkish-with-yunus-emre-institute-in-belgrade
  • Daily Sabah (2018). “Turkey, Serbia aim 5 billion dollars in trade volume, Erdoğan says”, May 7 2018. Available at: https://www.dailysabah.com/economy/2018/05/07/turkey-serbia-aim-5b-in-trade-volume-erdogan-says (19.08.2019).
  • Demir, Vedat (2015). Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Historical Perspective: Ottomans and the Republican Era.
  • Demirtepe Hasan Selim, Özertem Turgut (2013). Turkey-Russia Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Current Dynamics, Future Prospects, USAK.
  • De Wit (2002). Internationalization of Higher Education in the USA and Europe: A historical comparative and conceptul analysis, Greenwood Press: New York.
  • Diplomacy & Commerce (2017). “Mr. Mehmet Bayrak, Director of TIKA -Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency in Belgrade: Development Cooperation between Turkey and Serbia”, May 22 2017. Available at: http://www.diplomacyandcommerce.rs/mr-mehmet-bayrak-director-of-tika-turkish-cooperation-and-coordination-agency-in-belgrade-development-cooperation-between-turkey-and-serbia/ (19.08.2019).
  • Ekapiya (2018). “Construction of Belgrade-Sarajevo highway certain – Framework agreement signed with Turkish company Tasyapı”. Available at: https://www.ekapija.com/en/news/2259089/construction-of-belgrade-sarajevo-highway-certain-framework-agreement-signed-with-turkish-company (19.08.2019).
  • Glavjavnosti (2011). Available at: http://www.glas-javnosti.rs/clanak/drustvo/glas-javnosti-15-01-2011/srbi-obozavaju-turske-serije-i-uce-njihov-jezik (19.08.2019).
  • Goodman, M.B. (2006). The role of business in public diplomacy. Journal of Business Strategy Volume:27 No:2.
  • Hurriyetdailynews (2018). “Turkey's Taşyapı to build Sarajevo-Belgrade Highway”, 19 December 2018. Available at: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tasyapi-to-build-sarajevo-belgrade-highway-139866 (19.08.2019).
  • Independent Balkan News Agency (2018). “Turkish students volunteer in Serbia under special TİKA programme” 06 August 2018. Available at: https://balkaneu.com/turkish-students-volunteer-in-serbia-under-special-tika-programme/ (19.08.2019).
  • Kalın, İbrahim (2011). Soft power and Public Diplomacy in Turkey, Perceptions, Vol.16, Number: 3. pp.5-23.
  • Koulouri, C. (2002). Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe, Thessaloniki, Greece: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe.
  • Kunzchik, Michael (1997). Images of Nation and International Public Relations, Mahwah: New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2019). Available at: http://ttyd.org.tr/Uploadfiles/DocumentFiles/c3d9642a-3a06-43e8-a9a8-892949d83eba.pdf (19.08.2019).
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2018). Available at: http://tanitma.gov.tr/Eklenti/59121,sirbistanpazarraporu2018pdf.pdf?0 (19.08.2019).
  • Melissen, Jan (2005). “The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, Basingstoke
  • Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3 -25.
  • Leonard Mark, Stead Catherine and Smewing Conrad (2002). Public Diplomacy, Foreign Policy Center
  • Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A Radical View (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Ngwira, Percy Mabvuto (2016). “THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN A COUNTRY’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY”, 25 October 2016. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-tourism-countrys-public-diplomacy-percy-mabvuto-ngwira (19.08.2019).
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Power in the Global Information Age: From Realism to Globalization, London: Routledge.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power, New York: Public Affairs).
  • N1 (2018). “Serbia’s Vucic: I’m not happy about Merkel’s departure”, 29 October 2018. Available at: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a431776/Serbia-s-President-not-glad-about-Merkel-s-decision-to-leave-politics-by-20121.html (19.08.2019).
  • Palankadanas (2018). “ПОЧЕТАК САРАДЊЕ ОШ “ОЛГА МИЛОШЕВИЋ” И ТУРСКОГ КУЛТУРНОГ ЦЕНТРА”, 22 September 2018. Available at: http://palankadanas.com/video-pocetak-saradnje-os-olga-milosevic-i-turskog-kulturnog-centra/ (19.08.2019).
  • Öktem, Kerem (2011). Turkey since 1989: Angry Nation, Nova Scotia, Canada: Fernwood.
  • Politico (2018). “Turkey’s Balkan Comeback”, 15 May 2018. Available at:https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-western-balkans-comeback-european-union-recep-tayyip-erdogan/ (19.08.2019).
  • Rabasa, Angel and Larrabee, Stephen (2008). Rise of Political Islam in Turkey, RAND Corporation: Santa Monica. pp. 76.
  • Rüma, İnan (2010). TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE BALKANS: NEW ACTIVISM, NEO-OTTOMANISM OR/SO WHAT? Turkish policy quarterly-volume 9 no4.
  • RTV (2019). “У Студију ''М'' одржан концерт камерног оркестра из Казахстана”, 21 February 2019. Available at: http://rtv.rs/sr_ci/vojvodina/novi-sad/u-studiju-m-odrzan-koncert-kamernog-orkestra-iz-kazahstana_994063.html (19.08.2019).
  • Sancar, Aslı Gaye (2015). Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Its Actors, Stakeholders,and Tools.
  • Sajam Turizma (2018). “Top Five Countries to Which Serbian Tourists Travel”, 6 December 2018. Available at: https://beogradskisajamturizma.rs/en/top-five-countries-to-which-serbian-tourists-travel/ (19.08.2019).
  • Serbian Goverment (2016). “TIKA has invested 20 million euros in projects in Serbia”, December 8 2016. Available at: http://mtt.gov.rs/en/releases-and-announcements/tika-has-invested-e20-million-in-projects-in-serbia/ (19.08.2019).
  • Serbian Government (2018). “Contract for reconstruction of Novi Pazar-Tutin road signed”, 29 October 2018. Available at: https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/132748/contract-for-reconstruction-of-novi-pazar-tutin-road-signed.php (19.08.2019).
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  • The Diplomat (2015). “Thailand sees in tourism its “best tool of public diplomacy”, 30 January 2015. Available at: https://thediplomatinspain.com/en/2015/01/thailand-sees-in-tourism-its-best-tool-of-public-diplomacy/ (19.08.2019).
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Turkey’s Soft Power and Public Diplomacy: The Case of Serbia Between 2002-2019

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 74 - 89, 24.06.2020

Öz










This article explores the concept of soft power and how it’s been applied by public diplomacy of Turkey between 2002-2019. In this article, the role of Turkish public diplomacy in developing Serbian-Turkish relations is studied. As a case study, Turkish public diplomacy tools in Serbia as “state to public” and “public to public” and how they are exercised in order to wield soft power are analyzed. Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA), Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB), Yunus Emre Institute (YEE) as “state to public” actors, and Turkish soap operas, tourism, trade as “public to public” actors are presented in this study.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Yıldız (2016). “Türk dizilerinin yeni hedefi Uzakdoğu pazarı”. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur-sanat/turk-dizilerinin-yeni-hedefi-uzakdogu-pazari/698829
  • Ağırseven, Nehir, and Örki, Armağan (2017). Evaluating Turkish TV Series as Soft Power Instruments, Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi-International Journal of Society Researches Volume:7 No:13.
  • Al-monitor (2013). Available at: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/erdogan-kosovo-turkey.html (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2017). “Sırbistan’daki Türk firma sayısı 2 yılda 3’ katlandı.” 03 March 2017. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/sirbistandaki-turk-firma-sayisi-2-yilda-3e-katlandi/763080 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2019). “Cooperation with Turkey Serbia’s national policy: envoy”, 20 February 2019. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/cooperation-with-turkey-serbias-national-policy-envoy/1398182 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2019). “Serbia begins building TurkStream gas conduit strectch”, 21 May 2019. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/serbia-begins-building-turkstream-gas-conduit-stretch/1483517 (19.08.2019).
  • Anadolu Agency (2018). “Turkish aid agency donates medical devices to Serbia” 20 November 2018. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/turkish-aid-agency-donates-medical-devices-to-serbia/1316610 (19.08.2019).
  • Anholt, Simon (2014). “There is only one global superpower: public opinion”, 30 November 2014. Avaliable at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/nov/30/simon-anholt-good-country-party-global-superpower-public-opinion (19.08.2019).
  • Bachrach, P., & Baratz, M. S. (1963). “Decisions and Nondecisions: An Analytical Framework” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 57, Issue 3, pp. 632-642.
  • Blic (2010). Available at: https://www.blic.rs/zabava/vesti/tv-serija-1001-noc-rusi-rekorde-gledanosti/pm9bn11 (19.08.2019).
  • Boskovic Marija Mitrovic, Reljic Dusan, Vracic Alida (2015). “Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Elsewhere in the neighbourhood, New York, Palgrave Macmillian. pp. 100.
  • Cabric Nemanja, Nedelkovska Maja, Demoli Donjeta, Hamzic Amina (2013). “Turks Bewitch the Balkans with Their Addictive Soaps”, May 1 2013. Available at: https://balkaninsight.com/2013/05/01/turks-bewitch-the-balkans-with-their-addictive-soaps/ (19.08.2019).
  • Carr, E. H. & Cox, M. (2001). The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Collins, Richard (1990). Television: Policy and Culture, London: Unwin Hyman.
  • Cull, Nicholas (2008). Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616, pp. 31-54.
  • Dahl, R. A. (1957). “The Concept of Power” Behavioral Science, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 201-215.
  • Daily Sabah (2016). “Common history and culture: More Serbians learn Turkish with Yunus Emre Institute in Belgrade”. Available at: https://www.dailysabah.com/balkans/2016/06/08/common-history-and-culture-more-serbians-learn-turkish-with-yunus-emre-institute-in-belgrade
  • Daily Sabah (2018). “Turkey, Serbia aim 5 billion dollars in trade volume, Erdoğan says”, May 7 2018. Available at: https://www.dailysabah.com/economy/2018/05/07/turkey-serbia-aim-5b-in-trade-volume-erdogan-says (19.08.2019).
  • Demir, Vedat (2015). Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Historical Perspective: Ottomans and the Republican Era.
  • Demirtepe Hasan Selim, Özertem Turgut (2013). Turkey-Russia Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Current Dynamics, Future Prospects, USAK.
  • De Wit (2002). Internationalization of Higher Education in the USA and Europe: A historical comparative and conceptul analysis, Greenwood Press: New York.
  • Diplomacy & Commerce (2017). “Mr. Mehmet Bayrak, Director of TIKA -Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency in Belgrade: Development Cooperation between Turkey and Serbia”, May 22 2017. Available at: http://www.diplomacyandcommerce.rs/mr-mehmet-bayrak-director-of-tika-turkish-cooperation-and-coordination-agency-in-belgrade-development-cooperation-between-turkey-and-serbia/ (19.08.2019).
  • Ekapiya (2018). “Construction of Belgrade-Sarajevo highway certain – Framework agreement signed with Turkish company Tasyapı”. Available at: https://www.ekapija.com/en/news/2259089/construction-of-belgrade-sarajevo-highway-certain-framework-agreement-signed-with-turkish-company (19.08.2019).
  • Glavjavnosti (2011). Available at: http://www.glas-javnosti.rs/clanak/drustvo/glas-javnosti-15-01-2011/srbi-obozavaju-turske-serije-i-uce-njihov-jezik (19.08.2019).
  • Goodman, M.B. (2006). The role of business in public diplomacy. Journal of Business Strategy Volume:27 No:2.
  • Hurriyetdailynews (2018). “Turkey's Taşyapı to build Sarajevo-Belgrade Highway”, 19 December 2018. Available at: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tasyapi-to-build-sarajevo-belgrade-highway-139866 (19.08.2019).
  • Independent Balkan News Agency (2018). “Turkish students volunteer in Serbia under special TİKA programme” 06 August 2018. Available at: https://balkaneu.com/turkish-students-volunteer-in-serbia-under-special-tika-programme/ (19.08.2019).
  • Kalın, İbrahim (2011). Soft power and Public Diplomacy in Turkey, Perceptions, Vol.16, Number: 3. pp.5-23.
  • Koulouri, C. (2002). Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe, Thessaloniki, Greece: Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe.
  • Kunzchik, Michael (1997). Images of Nation and International Public Relations, Mahwah: New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2019). Available at: http://ttyd.org.tr/Uploadfiles/DocumentFiles/c3d9642a-3a06-43e8-a9a8-892949d83eba.pdf (19.08.2019).
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2018). Available at: http://tanitma.gov.tr/Eklenti/59121,sirbistanpazarraporu2018pdf.pdf?0 (19.08.2019).
  • Melissen, Jan (2005). “The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, Basingstoke
  • Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3 -25.
  • Leonard Mark, Stead Catherine and Smewing Conrad (2002). Public Diplomacy, Foreign Policy Center
  • Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A Radical View (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Ngwira, Percy Mabvuto (2016). “THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN A COUNTRY’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY”, 25 October 2016. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-tourism-countrys-public-diplomacy-percy-mabvuto-ngwira (19.08.2019).
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Power in the Global Information Age: From Realism to Globalization, London: Routledge.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power, New York: Public Affairs).
  • N1 (2018). “Serbia’s Vucic: I’m not happy about Merkel’s departure”, 29 October 2018. Available at: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a431776/Serbia-s-President-not-glad-about-Merkel-s-decision-to-leave-politics-by-20121.html (19.08.2019).
  • Palankadanas (2018). “ПОЧЕТАК САРАДЊЕ ОШ “ОЛГА МИЛОШЕВИЋ” И ТУРСКОГ КУЛТУРНОГ ЦЕНТРА”, 22 September 2018. Available at: http://palankadanas.com/video-pocetak-saradnje-os-olga-milosevic-i-turskog-kulturnog-centra/ (19.08.2019).
  • Öktem, Kerem (2011). Turkey since 1989: Angry Nation, Nova Scotia, Canada: Fernwood.
  • Politico (2018). “Turkey’s Balkan Comeback”, 15 May 2018. Available at:https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-western-balkans-comeback-european-union-recep-tayyip-erdogan/ (19.08.2019).
  • Rabasa, Angel and Larrabee, Stephen (2008). Rise of Political Islam in Turkey, RAND Corporation: Santa Monica. pp. 76.
  • Rüma, İnan (2010). TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE BALKANS: NEW ACTIVISM, NEO-OTTOMANISM OR/SO WHAT? Turkish policy quarterly-volume 9 no4.
  • RTV (2019). “У Студију ''М'' одржан концерт камерног оркестра из Казахстана”, 21 February 2019. Available at: http://rtv.rs/sr_ci/vojvodina/novi-sad/u-studiju-m-odrzan-koncert-kamernog-orkestra-iz-kazahstana_994063.html (19.08.2019).
  • Sancar, Aslı Gaye (2015). Turkey’s Public Diplomacy: Its Actors, Stakeholders,and Tools.
  • Sajam Turizma (2018). “Top Five Countries to Which Serbian Tourists Travel”, 6 December 2018. Available at: https://beogradskisajamturizma.rs/en/top-five-countries-to-which-serbian-tourists-travel/ (19.08.2019).
  • Serbian Goverment (2016). “TIKA has invested 20 million euros in projects in Serbia”, December 8 2016. Available at: http://mtt.gov.rs/en/releases-and-announcements/tika-has-invested-e20-million-in-projects-in-serbia/ (19.08.2019).
  • Serbian Government (2018). “Contract for reconstruction of Novi Pazar-Tutin road signed”, 29 October 2018. Available at: https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/132748/contract-for-reconstruction-of-novi-pazar-tutin-road-signed.php (19.08.2019).
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  • TİKA (2019). “Sokollu Mehmet Paşa Köprüsü’nün restorasyonu resmen tamamlandı” April 2019. Available at: https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr/haber/sokollu_mehmed_pasa_koprusu_nun_restorasyonu_resmen_tamamlandi-50619 (19.08.2019).
  • TİKA (2018). “Tika’dan Sırbistan’da serebral ve çocuk feçli kişilere istihdam” May 2019. Available at: https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr/haber/tika%27dan_sirbistan_da_serebral_ve_cocuk_felcli_kisilere_istihdam-51538 (19.08.2019).
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  • TİKA (2018). “Sırbistan’da turizme destek” 2018. Available at: https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr/haber/sirbistan%27da_turizme_destek-43974 (19.08.2019).
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  • TİKA (2017). “Sırbistan’da ahududu üretiminin geliştirilmesine TİKA desteği” 2017. Available at: https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr/haber/sirbistan%27da_ahududu_uretiminin_gelistirilmesine_tika_destegi-41012 (19.08.2019).
  • Türbedar, Erhan (2011). Turkey’s New Activism, Insight Turkey Summer 2011, Volum 13, Number 3.
  • Türkiye Ticaret Bakanlığı (2019). “Türkiye ile ticaret”. Available at: https://www.ticaret.gov.tr/yurtdisi-teskilati/avrupa/sırbistan/ulke-profili/turkiye-ile-ticaret
  • Yavuzaslan Kıymet, Çetin Murat (2016). Soft Power and Soft Power Indexes, Business Challenges in the Changing Economic Landscape - Vol. 1, Springer.
  • YEE (2019). “Yunus Emre Institute”. Available at: https://www.yee.org.tr/en/corporate/yunus-emre-institute (19.08.2019).
  • YTB (2019). “Türkiye bursları”. Available at: https://www.ytb.gov.tr/uluslararasi-ogrenciler/turkiye-burslari (19.08.2019).
  • YEE Twitter (2018). “Koncert “Zvuci osmanske muzike” održan u Novom Pazaru propraćen je velikim interesovanjem. Odjek koncerta u medijima u regionu.” 13 April 2018. Available at: https://twitter.com/yeebelgrad/status/984796334808059905 (19.08.2019).
  • Zaharna, R.S. (2010). Battles to Bridges: US Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy after9/11. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Zivanovic, Maja and Büyük Hamdi Fırat, 2018. “Serbian president to meet Erdogan and Putin” May 7 2018. Available at: https://balkaninsight.com/2018/05/07/serbian-president-meeting-erdogan-and-putin-05-04-2018/ (19.08.2019).
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Talha Yavuz 0000-0001-9013-0893

Şirin Duygulu Elcim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, T., & Duygulu Elcim, Ş. (2020). Turkey’s Soft Power and Public Diplomacy: The Case of Serbia Between 2002-2019. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 2(1), 74-89.