Potent antioxidant and genotoxic effects of ammonium tetraborate in vitro

Öz

Aim: Boron shows antioxidant properties with an unknown mechanism. It was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potentials and genotoxic risk of ammonium tetraborate on human whole blood cultures for the first time in the extent of this study (n=4).

Material and Methods: Ammonium tetraborate was administrated at concentrations between 1,25- 1280 µg/ml to cultured blood samples. The micronuclei and chromosomal aberration tests were performed to determine genotoxic effect. In addition, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress levels were measured as biochemical parameters.

Results: Our results clearly provded that the all tested concentrations of ammonium tetraborate were not-mutagenic. Moreover, ammonium tetraborate showed antioxidant activities at low concentrations and the total oxidative stress levels were not changed at all the concentrations of ammonium tetraborate.

Conclusion: our data clearly indicated that ammonium tetraborate is not mutagenic and it has remerkable antioxidant potential in vitro.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ammonium tetraborate
• Chromosomal aberrations
• micronucleus test
• genotoxicity
• human blood cells

Kaynakça

1. Howe PD. A review of boron effects in the environment. Bio Trace Elem Res. 661(998), 153–166.
2. Rainey, C.J, Nyquist, L.A, Christensen, R.E, Strong, P.L, Culver, B.D, Coughlin, J.R. Daily boron intake from the American diet. J The Am Diet Ass. 99 (1999) 335–40.
3. Hunt, C.D. Regulation of enzymatic activity: One possible role of dietary boron in higher animals and humans. Bio Trace Elem Res. 66 (1998) 205–225.
4. Sutherland, B., Leslie, R., Woodhouse, P.S., Janet, C.K. Boron balance in humans. J Trace Elemt Exp Med. 12 (1999) 271–284.
5. Barranco WT, Eckhert CD. Boric acid inhibits human prostate cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Lett. 216 (2004) 21–29.
6. Cui, Y., Winton, M.I., Zhang, Z.F., Rainey, C., Marshall, J. De., Kernion, J.B., Eckhert, CD. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Onc Rep 11(2006), 887–892.
7. Yazbeck, C., Kloppmann, W., Cottier, R., Sahuquillo, J., Debotte, G., Huel, G. Health impact evaluation of boron in drinking water: a geographical risk assessment in Northern France. Env Geochem Healt. 27 (2005). 419–427.
8. Newnham, R.E. The role of boron in human nutrition. J App Nut 46 (1994) 81–85.

9. Chapin, R.E., Warren, W.K., Mary, A.K., Harrıett, M., Beth, G., Robert, N.W., Ralph W, Michael, R.E. The effects of dietary boron on bone strength in rats. Fundem and App Tox. 35 (1997) 205–215.
10. Devirian, T.A., Volpe, S.L. The physiological effect of dietary boron. Crit Rev of Food Sci and Nut. 43 (2003) 219–231.
11. Türkez, H., Geyikoğlu, F., Tatar, A. Borax counteracts genotoxicity of aluminum in rat liver. Tox and Ind Health 29 (2013) 775-779.
12. Gallardo-Williams, M.T., Maronpot, R.R., Wine, R.N., Brunssen, S.H., Chapin, R.E. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of prostate-specific antigen by boric acid and 3-Nitrophenyl boronic acid. Prostate 54 (2003) 44–49
13. Korkmaz, M., Uzgören, E., Bakırdere, S., Aydın, F., Ataman, O.Y. Effects of dietary boron on cervical cytopathology and on micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Envir Tox 22 (2007) 17–25.
14. Çelikezen, F.Ç., Turkez, H., Togar, B., Izgi, M.S.. DNA damaging and biochemical effects of potassium tetraborate. EXCLI J 13 (2014) 446-450.
15. Nielsen, F. The emergence of boron as nutritionally important throughout the lifecycle. Nutrition 16 (2000) 512–514.
16. Nielsen, F. Biochemical and physiological consequences of boron deprivation in humans. Envi Health Persp 102 (1994) 59–63.
17. Armstrong, T., Spears, J. Effect of boron supplementation of pig diets on the production of tumor necrosis factor-a and interferon-c. J Ani Sci. 81 (2003) 2552–2561.
18. Ince, S., Kucukkurt, I,, Cigerci, I.H., Fidan, A.F., Eryavuz, A. The effects of dietary boric acid and borax supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage in rats. J Trace Elem in Med and Bio 24 (2010) 161–164.
19. Geyikoglu, F., Turkez, H. Boron compounds reduce vanadium tetraoxide genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Envir Tox and Pharm 26 (2008) 342–347.
20. Türkez, H., Tatar, A., Hacimuftuoglu, A. Boric acid as a protector against paclitaxel genotoxicity Acta Biochim Pol 1 (2010) 95-97
21. Carpenter, S.B., Kistler, R.B. Industrial Minerals and Rocks: Boron and Borates. Littleton, Colorado, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (2006).
22. Demir, H., Sahin, Ö., İzgi, M.S., Fıratoğlu, H.. Production of granular Boron oxide by calcation of ammonium tetrahydrate. Thermochim Acta. 445 (2006) 1-6.
23. Snell, D.F., Hilton, C.L. Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis. New York. (1968).
24. Türkez, H., Geyikoğlu, F., Tatar, A., Keleş, S., Ozkan, A. Effects of some boron compounds on peripheral human blood. Zeits für Natur 62c (2007) 889-896
25. Evans, H.J., O’Riordan, M.L. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagen tests. Mut Res. 31 (1975) 135-148.
26. Fenech, M., Morley, A.A. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mut Res. 147 (1985) 29-36.
27. Fenech, M. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique: a detailed description of the method and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations. Mut Res 285 (1993) 35-44.
28. IPCS (International Program on Chemical Safety). American Oil Environmental Health Criteria 46. Guidelines for the study of genetic effects in human populations. Geneva, WHO (1985) 45-54.
29. Türkez, H., Togar, B.. The genotoxic and oxidative damage potential of olanzapine in vitro. Tox and Ind Health. 9 (2010) 583-538
30. Geyikoglu, F., Turkez, H. Protective effect of sodium selenite on genotoxicity to human whole blood cultures induced by aflatoxin B-1. Braz Arch Bio and Tech 6 (2005) 905-910.
31. Rieznichenko, L.S., Dybkova, S.M., Gruzina, T.G., Ulberg, Z.R., Todor, I.N., Lukyanova, N.Y., Shpyleva, S.I., Chekhun, V.F. Gold nanoparticles synthesis and biological activity estimation in vitro and in vivo. Exp Onc 34 (2012) 25-28.
32. Padovani, L., Stronati, L., Mauro, F., Testa, A., Appolloni, M., Anzidei, P., Caporossi, D., Tedeschi, B., Vernole, P. Cytogenetic effects in lymphocytes from children exposed to radiation fall-out after the chernobyl accident. Muta Res 395 (1997) 249-254.
33. Karaman, A., Kadı, M., Kara, F. Sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus studies in patients with Behcet’s disease. J CutanPath 36 (2009) 831-837.
34. Türkez, H., Geyikoglu, F., Mokhtar, Y.I. Eicosapentaenoic acid protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hepatic toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytotech 64 (2012) 15-25
35. Erol, A. Systemic DNA damage response and metabolic syndrome as a premalignant state. Cur Mol Med. 10 (2010) 321-334.
36. Landolph, J.R. Cytotoxicity and negligible genotoxicity of borax and
37. borax ores to cultures mammalian cells. Am J Ind Med. 7 (1985) 31-43
38. NTP (National Toxicology Program). Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Boric Acid(CAS No. 10043-35-3) in B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). Research Triangle Park, NC: US Department of Health and Human Services. (1987).
39. Rudd, C.J. Mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis assay (tk +/-) of boric acid. US Borax Corp, MRID N° 4203902. (1991).
40. Bakke, J.P. Evaluation of the potential of boric acid to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis, in the in vitro hepatocyte DNA repair assay using the male F-344 rat. US Borax Corp. MRID N° 42038903. (1991).
41. O’Loughlin, K.G. Bone Marrow Erythrocyte Micronucleus Assay of Boric Acid in Swiss-Webster Mice. (Unpublished study) Submitted by U.S. Borax Corp. MRID No. 42038904.Cited In: U.S. EPA, 2004. (1991).
42. ECETOC. Technical Report Reproductive and general toxicology of some inorganic borates and risks assessment for human beings. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Brussels. .(1995).
43. Geyikoglu, F., Turkez, H., Keles, S.M. The role of fruit juices in the prevention of aluminum sulphate toxicity in human blood in vitro. Fres Envi Bul, 10 (2005) 878-883.
44. Bohloli, M., Uzun, H., Aytaç, E., Toklu, A.S., Paksoy, M., Durak, H., İpek, T. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy after partial hepatectomy: an experimental study on oxidative stress in rats. Scand J Lab Ani Sci 34 (2007) 131–40.
45. Ghiselli, A., Serafini, M., Natella, F., Scaccini, C. Total antioxidant capacity as a tool to assess redox status: critical view and experimental data. Free Rad Bio and Med. 29 (2000) 1106–1114.
46. Somogyi, A., Rosta, K., Pusztai, P., Tulassay, Z., Nagy, G. Antioxidant measurements. Phys Measur. 28 (2007) 41–55.
47. Scorei, R., Cimpoiasu, V.M., Iordachescu, D. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of calcium fructoborate. Bio Trace Elem Res. 107 (2005) 127-34.
48. Hunt, C.D., Idso, J. Dietary boron as a physiological regulator of the normal inflammatory response: a review and current research progress. J of Trace Elem and Exp Med. 12 (1999) 221–33.
49. Griffith, O.W., Bridges, R.J., Meister, A. Evidence that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo using intracellular glutathione: effects of amino acids and selective inhibition of enzymes. Pro Nat Acad Sci 75 (1978) 5405–5408.
50. Scorei, R., Rotaru, P.. Calcium fructoborate: potential antiinflammatory agent. [published online ahead of print January 28, 2011]. Bio Trace Elem Res doi:10.1007/s12011-011-8972-6. (2011)