Araştırma Makalesi

A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)

Sayı: 25 30 Haziran 2026
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A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)

Öz

This article re-examines Kurdish–Armenian relations during the transition from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire to the consolidation of the early Turkish Republic through the framework of a “necessary alliance.” Drawing on previously unused archival materials from the Dashnaktsutyun (Armenian Revolutionary Federation) archives, the study analyses diplomatic coordination, military cooperation, and institutional experiments between 1919 and the suppression of the Ağrı Uprising in 1930. The central argument is that Kurdish–Armenian cooperation emerged not from ideological convergence but from structural vulnerability in the post-imperial order. Kurdish demographic presence and armed capacity combined with Armenian diasporic diplomacy and international networks to produce an asymmetric but complementary alliance. However, chronic financial weakness, fragmented authority, tensions between diaspora strategies and local realities, and the expanding coercive power of the Republican state undermined its durability. The article further demonstrates that the Ağrı resistance constituted a modern political project rather than a localized rebellion, featuring a national assembly, declaration of a republic, symbolic state institutions, and transnational diplomacy. The Zilan Massacre is interpreted as a decisive rupture that generated a shared grammar of victimhood, linking Kurdish experiences to Armenian genocide memory and transforming trauma into political mobilization. Ultimately, the study situates forced alliances, fragile solidarities, and state violence as central dynamics of nation-building in the modern Middle East and repositions the Ağrı Uprising as a formative moment in Kurdish political modernity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Anadolu. (1930, July 25). Tayyarelerimize ateşe devam ediyorlar.
  2. Anadolu. (1930, July 13). Hudutta sükûnet.
  3. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1919, November 20). Joint statement by Sherif Pasha, head of the Kurdish delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on behalf of Kurdistan, Boghos Nubar Pasha, head of the Armenian People’s Delegation on behalf of Armenia, and Dr. H. Ohandjanian, deputy head of the Armenian Republic delegation (File No. 1652, Document No. 15, 1920 dossier: Haykazuni’s letters and correspondence). Paris
  4. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1920, February 20). From A. Lalayantz and G. Pastırmacıyan to Avedis Aharonian (File No. 1652, Documents Nos. 24–25/313). Cairo.
  5. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1920, June 24). From Bekir Sami, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Yerevan (File No. 1652, Documents Nos. 24–25/67). Ankara.
  6. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1920, June 30). From Der Hagopyan, on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Yerevan, to Bekir Sami Bey, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (File No. 1652, Documents Nos. 24–25/69). Yerevan.
  7. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1920, October 31). Congratulatory telegram from Mustafa Kemal Pasha, President of the Grand National Assembly, to Kazım Karabekir Pasha, Commander of the Eastern Army (File No. 1652, Documents Nos. 24–25/295). Ankara.
  8. Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Archives. (1920, November 8). From Ahmet Muhtar Bey, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia in Yerevan (File No. 1652, Documents Nos. 24–25/123). Ankara.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kürt Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

3 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ulugana, S. (2026). A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930). Nubihar Akademi, 25, 31-59. https://doi.org/10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224
AMA
1.Ulugana S. A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930). NA. 2026;(25):31-59. doi:10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224
Chicago
Ulugana, Sedat. 2026. “A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)”. Nubihar Akademi, sy 25: 31-59. https://doi.org/10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224.
EndNote
Ulugana S (01 Haziran 2026) A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930). Nubihar Akademi 25 31–59.
IEEE
[1]S. Ulugana, “A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)”, NA, sy 25, ss. 31–59, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224.
ISNAD
Ulugana, Sedat. “A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)”. Nubihar Akademi. 25 (01 Haziran 2026): 31-59. https://doi.org/10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224.
JAMA
1.Ulugana S. A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930). NA. 2026;:31–59.
MLA
Ulugana, Sedat. “A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930)”. Nubihar Akademi, sy 25, Haziran 2026, ss. 31-59, doi:10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224.
Vancouver
1.Sedat Ulugana. A Necessary Alliance: Diplomacy and Resistance in Kurdish–Armenian Relations (1919–1930). NA. 01 Haziran 2026;(25):31-59. doi:10.55253/nubihar.2026.1882224

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