Advanced preparative techniques for the collection of pure components from essential oils

Abstract

Preparative gas chromatography (prep-GC), as opposed to analytical capillary GC, is an analytical technique that allows the separation and isolation of natural products, specifically volatile pure components from complex matrices. Over the years, different approaches were used for this purpose, using both mono- and multidimensional systems coupled with different types of collection systems. In this paper, some of the most relevant results obtained in the isolation of components from essential oils by prep-GC, are reviewed. Furthermore, the main limitations of prep-GC arising from its daily use and the possible solutions for overcoming drawbacks, are discussed.

Keywords

• Preparative gas chromatography (prep-GC), isolation, multidimensional preparative gas chromatography, Deans switch

Kaynakça

1. Codina, A., Ryan, R.W., Joyce, R., & Richards, D.S. (2010). Identification of multiple impurities in a pharmaceutical matrix using preparative gas chromatography and computer-assisted structure elucidation. Analytical Chemistry, 82, 9127-9133.
2. Currie, L.A., Eglinton, T.I., Benner, B.A., & Pearson, A. (1997). Radiocarbon “dating” of individual chemical compounds in atmospheric aerosol: first results comparing direct isotopic and multivariate statistical apportionment of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section B, 123, 475-486.
3. Eyres, G.T., Urban, S., Morrison, P.D., Dufour, J.-P., & Marriott, P.J. (2008). Method for small-molecule discovery based on microscale-preparative multidimensional gas chromatography isolation with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 80, 6293-6299.
4. Eyres, G.T., Urban, S., Morrison, P.D., & Marriott, P.J. (2008). Application of microscale-preparative multidimensional gas chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for identification of pure methylnaphthalenes from crude oils. Journal of chromatography A, 1215 (1-2), 168-176.
5. Huan-Li, Z., Feng-Qing, Y., Wei-Hua, H., & Zhi-Ning, X. (2013). Preparative gas chromatography and its applications. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 51, 704-715.
6. Ledauphin, J., Saint-Clair, J.-F., Lablanquie, O., Guichard, H., Founier, N., Guichard, E., & Barillier, D. (2004). Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 5124-5134.
7. Marriott, P.J., Eyres, G.T., & Dufour, J.P. (2009). Emerging opportunities for flavor analysis through hyphenated gas chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 9962-9971
8. .

9. Mason, M.E., Johnson, B., & Hamming, M. (1966). Flavor components of roasted peanuts. Some low molecular weight pyrazines and pyrrole. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 14, 454-460.
10. Meinert, C., Schymanski, E., Küster, E., Kühne, R., Schüürmann, G., & Brack, W. (2010). Application of preparative capillary GC (pcGC), automated structure generation and mutagenicity prediction to improve effect-directed analysis of genotoxicants in a contaminated ground water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 17, 885-897.
11. Needham, L.L., Hill, R.H. Jr., Orti, D.L., Patterson, D.G., Kimbrough, R.D., Groce, D.F., & Liddle, J.A. (1982). Investigation of hyperkeratotic activity of polybrominated biphenyls in firemaster FF-1. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A, 9, 877-887.
12. Rijks, J.P.E.M., & Rijks, J.A. (1990). Programmed cold sample introduction and multidimensional preparative capillary gas chromatography. Part I: introduction, design and operation of a new mass flow controlled multidimensional GC system. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 13, 261-266.
13. Rühle, C., Eyres, G.T., Urban, S., Dufour, J.-P., Morrison, P.D., & Marriott, P.J. (2009). Multiple component isolation in preparative multidimensional gas chromatography with characterization by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 5740-5747.
14. Sansone, F.J., Popp, B.N., & Rust, T.M. (1996). Stable carbon isotopic analysis of low-level methane in water and gas. Analytical Chemistry, 69, 40-44.
15. Schomburg, G., Kötter, H., Stoffels, D., & Reissig, W. (1984). Automated instrumentation for multidimensional preparative scale GC (PSGC). Chromatographia, 19, 382-390.
16. Sciarrone, D., Pantò, S., Ragonese, C., Tranchida, P.Q., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2012). Increasing the isolated quantities and purities of volatile compounds by using a triple Deans-switch multidimensional preparative gas chromatographic system with an apolar-wax-ionic liquid stationary-phase combination. Analytical Chemistry, 84, 7092-7098.
17. Sciarrone, D., Pantò, S., Rotondo, A., Tedone, L., Tranchida, P.Q., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2013). Rapid collection and identification of a novel component from Clausena lansium Skeels leaves by means of three-dimensional preparative gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance/infrared/mass spectrometric analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, 785, 119-125.
18. Sciarrone, D., Pantò, S., Tranchida, P.Q., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2014). Rapid isolation of high solute amounts using an online four-dimensional preparative system: normal phase-liquid chromatography coupled to methyl siloxane-ionic liquid-wax phase gas chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 86, 4295-4301.
19. Waskell, L. (1979). Lack of mutagenicity of two possible metabolites of halothane. Anesthesiology, 50 (1), 9-12.