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Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 58 - 65, 26.10.2019

Öz

    Dioksin ve benzeri bileşikler birçok klorlu kimyasalın üretimi esnasında
ara ve yan ürün olarak çıkan çevresel toksik kirleticilerdir. 
Bilinen en toksik
dioksin 2,3,7,8-tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksin
(TCDD) olup, Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Ajansı (IARC) tarafından kanserojen
madde (grup 1) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Dioksinler kimyasal yapısı kararlı bileşikler oldukları için doğada özellikle
toprak, hava ve çökeltilerde onlarca yıl kalıcı olabilirler. Lipofilik özelliğe sahip olduklarından
suda az çözünürler ve insan vücuduna özellikle besin zinciri yolu ile
taşınırlar. Toksisiteleri ve kalıcılılıkları nedeniyle insan ve hayvan sağlığı için
ciddi tehdit unsurudurlar. Bu sebeplerden dolayı dioksin ve benzeri
bileşiklerin oluşumlarının önlenmesi, çevre ve gıda kontaminasyonlarının engellenmesi
canlılar ile çevre için büyük önem arz etmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • [1] Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Yebra-Pimentel., I. Martinez-Carballo., E., and Simal-Gandara, J., (2015). A Critical Review about Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) through Foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(11):1590-1617.
  • [2] Kulkarni, P.S., Crespo, J.G., and Afonso, C.A., (2008). Dioxins Sources and Current Remediation Technologies—A Review. Environment International, 34(1):139-153.
  • [3] White, S.S. and Birnbaum, L.S., (2009). An Overview of the Effects of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds on Vertebrates, as Documented in Human and Ecological Epidemiology, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 27:197-211.
  • [4] Schecter, A., Birnbaum, L., Ryan, J.J., and Constable, J.D., (2006). Dioxins: An Overview, Environmental. Research., 101:419-428.
  • [5] Park, H., Ikonomou, M.G., Kim, H., Choi, J., and Chang, Y., (2009). Dioxin and Dioxin-Like PCB Profiles in The Serum of Industrial and Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers in Korea. Environment International, 35:580–587.
  • [6] Landers, J.P. and Bunce, N.J., (1991). The Ah Receptor and Mechanism of Dioxin Toxicity. Biochemical Journal, 276:273-287.
  • [7] Leung, H.W., Poland, A., Paustenbach, D.J., Murray, F.J., and Andersen, M.E., (1990). Pharmacokinetics of [125I]-2-iodo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Mice: Analysis with a Physiological Modeling Approach. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 103:411-419.
  • [8] Diliberto, J.J. Kedderis, L.B., and Birnbaum, L.S., (1990). Absorption of 2,3,7,8 tetrabromodibenzodioxin (TBDD) in Male Rats. Toxicologist, 10:54.
  • [9] Mannear, J.H. and Lee, C.C., (1994). Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans: Literature Rewiev and Health Assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(1):265-274.
  • [10] Diliberto, J.J., Jackson, J.A., and Birnbaum, L.S., (1991). Acute Pulmunory Absorption of 2,3,7,8-TBDD in Rats. Toxicologist, 11:272.
  • [11] Larsen, J.C., (2006). Risk Assessments of Polychlorinated Dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin‐Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 50(10):885-896.
  • [12] Hu, D. and Hornbuckle, K.C., (2009). Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(8):2822-2827.
  • [13] Kanan, S. and Samara, F., (2018). Dioxins and Furans: A Review from Chemical and Environmental Perspectives. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 17:1-13. [14] Ayaz, A., (2008). Dioksin ve Sağlığımız. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi: 36(1-2):77-86.
  • [15] Davy, C.W., (2004). Legislation with Respect to Dioxins in the Workplace. Environment International, 30:219– 233.
  • [16] Baytok, E. ve Bingöl, N.T., (2013). Gıdalarımızla Soframıza ve Hayatımıza Giren Toksin: Dioksin. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1):45-49.
  • [17] Ulaszewska, M.M., Zuccato, E., and Davoli E., (2011). PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs in Human Milk and Estimation of Infants' Daily Intake: A review. Chemosphere, 83(6):774-82.
  • [18] Hişmioğulları, Ş.E., Hişmioğulları, A.A. ve Aşkar, T.K., (2012). Dioksin ve Dioksin Benzeri Kimyasalların Toksik Etkileri. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1):23-27.
  • [19] Mohsenzadeh, M.S., Zanjani, B.R., and Karimi, G., (2018). Mechanisms of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: An Overview. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 282:1-6.
  • [20] Sato, S., Shirakawa, H., Tomita S, Tomita, S., Ohsaki, Y., Haketa, K., Tooi, O., Santo, N., Tohkin, M., Furukawa, Y., Gonzalez, F.J., and Komai, M., (2008). Low-Dose Dioxins Alter Gene Expression Related to Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Lipogenesis, and Glucose Metabolism through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Pathway in Mouse Liver. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 229(1):10-19.
  • [21] Sany, S.B.T., Hashim, R., Salleh, A., Rezayi, M., Karlen, D.J., Razavizadeh, B.B.M., and Abouzari-lotf, E., (2015). Dioxin Risk Assessment: Mechanisms of Action and Possible Toxicity in Human Health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research: 22(24):19434-19450.
  • [22] Safe, S., Cheng, Y., and Jin, U.H., (2017). The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a Drug Target for Cancer Chemotherapy. Current Opinion in Toxicology, 2:24-29.
  • [23] Svobodová, J., Procházková, J., Kabátková, M., Krkoška, M., Šmerdová, L., Líbalová, H., Topinka, J., Kléma, J., Kozubík, A., Machala, M., and Vondráček, J., (2019). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Disrupts Control of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in a Human Model of Adult Liver Progenitors. Toxicological Sciences, doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz202.
  • [24] Jokinen, M.P., Walker, N.J., Brix, A.E., Sells, D.M., Haseman, J.K., and Nyska, A., (2003). Increase in Cardiovascular Pathology in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Chronic Treatment With 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5-Pentachlorobiphenyl. Cardiovascular Toxicology, 3(4):299.
  • [25] Ateşşahin, D., Çeribaşı, S., and Ateşşahin, A., (2016). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksin ile Rat Beyin ve Kalp Dokusunda Oluşturulan Toksisite Üzerine Melatoninin Etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 30(3):221-227.
  • [26] Hassoun, E.A., Vodhanel, J., and Abushaban, A., (2004). The Modulatory Effects of Ellagic Acid and Vitamin E Succinate on TCDD‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Different Brain Regions of Rats After Subchronic Exposure. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 18(4):196-203.
  • [27] Hassoun, E.A., Al-Ghafri, M., and Abushaban, A., (2003). The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in TCDD-Induced Oxidative Stress in Various Brain Regions of Rats After Subchronic Exposure. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 35(9):1028-1036.
  • [28] Latchoumycandane, C. and Mathur, P.P., (2002). Effects of Vitamin E on Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated 2, 3, 7, 8‐Tetrachlorodi‐benzo‐p‐dioxin Toxicity in Rat Testis. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 22(5):345-351.
  • [29] Hassoun, E.A., Li, F., Abushaban, A., and Stohs, J.S., (2000). The Relative Abilities of TCDD and Its Congeners to Induce Oxidative Stres in the Hepatic and Brain Tissues of Rats after Subcronic Exposure. Toxicology, 145:103-113.
  • [30] İlhan, S., Ateşşahin, D., Ateşşahin, A., Mutlu, E., Onat, E., and Şahna, E., (2015). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced Hypertension: The Beneficial Effects of Melatonin. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 31(4):298-303.
  • [31] Dean, J.H., Murray, M.J., and Ward, E.C., (1986). Toxic Responses of the Immune System. In: Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 3rd ed C.D. Klasen, M.O. Amdur, M.O. and Doull, Eds.) Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, 245-285.
  • [32] Exon, J.H., Kerkvliet, N.I., and Talcott, P.A., (1987). Immunotoxicity of Carcinogenic Pesticides and Related Chemicals. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, 5(1):73-120.
  • [33] Xu, J., Ye, Y., Huang, F., Chen, H., Wu, H., Huang, J., Hu, J., Xia, D., and Wu, Y., (2016). Association Between Dioxin and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. Scientific Reports, 6:38012.
  • [34] Fingerhut, M.A., Halperin, W.E., Marlow, D.A., Piacitelli, L.A., Honchar, P.A., Sweeney, M.H., Greife, A.L., Dill, P.A., Steenland, K., and Suruda, A.J., (1991). Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(4):212-218.
  • [35] USEPA, (1999). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Related Compounds Update: Impact on Fish Advisories.
  • [36] Yang, X., Ku, T., Sun, Z., Liu, Q. S., Yin, N., Zhou, Q., Faiola, F., Liao, C., and Jiang, G., (2019). Assessment of the Carcinogenic Effect of 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Form Teratoma in Vivo. Toxicology Letters, 312:139-147.
  • [37] Danjou, A.M., Fervers, B., Boutron-Ruault, M.C., Philip, T., Clavel-Chapelon, F., and Dossus, L., (2015). Estimated Dietary Dioxin Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk Among Women from the French E3N Prospective Cohort. Breast Cancer Research, 17(1):39.
  • [38] Kabir, A., Zendehdel, R., and Tayefeh-Rahimian, R., (2018). Dioxin Exposure in the Manufacture of Pesticide Production as a risk factor for death from prostate cancer: A meta-Analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 47(2):148.
  • [39] Galimova, E.F., Amirova, Z.K., and Galimov, S.N., (2015). Dioxins in the Semen of Men with Infertility. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(19):14566-14569.
  • [40] Pilsner, J.R., Parker, M., Sergeyev, O., and Suvorov, A., (2017). Spermatogenesis disruption by dioxins: Epigenetic Reprograming and Windows of Susceptibility. Reproductive Toxicology, 69:221-229.
  • [41] Pohjanvirta, R., (2009). Transgenic Mouse Lines Expressing Rat AH Receptor Variants-A New Animal Model for Research on AH Receptor Function and Dioxin Toxicity Mechanism. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 236:166–182.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 58 - 65, 26.10.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Fernandez-Gonzalez, R., Yebra-Pimentel., I. Martinez-Carballo., E., and Simal-Gandara, J., (2015). A Critical Review about Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) through Foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(11):1590-1617.
  • [2] Kulkarni, P.S., Crespo, J.G., and Afonso, C.A., (2008). Dioxins Sources and Current Remediation Technologies—A Review. Environment International, 34(1):139-153.
  • [3] White, S.S. and Birnbaum, L.S., (2009). An Overview of the Effects of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds on Vertebrates, as Documented in Human and Ecological Epidemiology, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 27:197-211.
  • [4] Schecter, A., Birnbaum, L., Ryan, J.J., and Constable, J.D., (2006). Dioxins: An Overview, Environmental. Research., 101:419-428.
  • [5] Park, H., Ikonomou, M.G., Kim, H., Choi, J., and Chang, Y., (2009). Dioxin and Dioxin-Like PCB Profiles in The Serum of Industrial and Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers in Korea. Environment International, 35:580–587.
  • [6] Landers, J.P. and Bunce, N.J., (1991). The Ah Receptor and Mechanism of Dioxin Toxicity. Biochemical Journal, 276:273-287.
  • [7] Leung, H.W., Poland, A., Paustenbach, D.J., Murray, F.J., and Andersen, M.E., (1990). Pharmacokinetics of [125I]-2-iodo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Mice: Analysis with a Physiological Modeling Approach. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 103:411-419.
  • [8] Diliberto, J.J. Kedderis, L.B., and Birnbaum, L.S., (1990). Absorption of 2,3,7,8 tetrabromodibenzodioxin (TBDD) in Male Rats. Toxicologist, 10:54.
  • [9] Mannear, J.H. and Lee, C.C., (1994). Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans: Literature Rewiev and Health Assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(1):265-274.
  • [10] Diliberto, J.J., Jackson, J.A., and Birnbaum, L.S., (1991). Acute Pulmunory Absorption of 2,3,7,8-TBDD in Rats. Toxicologist, 11:272.
  • [11] Larsen, J.C., (2006). Risk Assessments of Polychlorinated Dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin‐Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 50(10):885-896.
  • [12] Hu, D. and Hornbuckle, K.C., (2009). Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(8):2822-2827.
  • [13] Kanan, S. and Samara, F., (2018). Dioxins and Furans: A Review from Chemical and Environmental Perspectives. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 17:1-13. [14] Ayaz, A., (2008). Dioksin ve Sağlığımız. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi: 36(1-2):77-86.
  • [15] Davy, C.W., (2004). Legislation with Respect to Dioxins in the Workplace. Environment International, 30:219– 233.
  • [16] Baytok, E. ve Bingöl, N.T., (2013). Gıdalarımızla Soframıza ve Hayatımıza Giren Toksin: Dioksin. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1):45-49.
  • [17] Ulaszewska, M.M., Zuccato, E., and Davoli E., (2011). PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs in Human Milk and Estimation of Infants' Daily Intake: A review. Chemosphere, 83(6):774-82.
  • [18] Hişmioğulları, Ş.E., Hişmioğulları, A.A. ve Aşkar, T.K., (2012). Dioksin ve Dioksin Benzeri Kimyasalların Toksik Etkileri. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1):23-27.
  • [19] Mohsenzadeh, M.S., Zanjani, B.R., and Karimi, G., (2018). Mechanisms of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: An Overview. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 282:1-6.
  • [20] Sato, S., Shirakawa, H., Tomita S, Tomita, S., Ohsaki, Y., Haketa, K., Tooi, O., Santo, N., Tohkin, M., Furukawa, Y., Gonzalez, F.J., and Komai, M., (2008). Low-Dose Dioxins Alter Gene Expression Related to Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Lipogenesis, and Glucose Metabolism through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Pathway in Mouse Liver. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 229(1):10-19.
  • [21] Sany, S.B.T., Hashim, R., Salleh, A., Rezayi, M., Karlen, D.J., Razavizadeh, B.B.M., and Abouzari-lotf, E., (2015). Dioxin Risk Assessment: Mechanisms of Action and Possible Toxicity in Human Health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research: 22(24):19434-19450.
  • [22] Safe, S., Cheng, Y., and Jin, U.H., (2017). The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) as a Drug Target for Cancer Chemotherapy. Current Opinion in Toxicology, 2:24-29.
  • [23] Svobodová, J., Procházková, J., Kabátková, M., Krkoška, M., Šmerdová, L., Líbalová, H., Topinka, J., Kléma, J., Kozubík, A., Machala, M., and Vondráček, J., (2019). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Disrupts Control of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in a Human Model of Adult Liver Progenitors. Toxicological Sciences, doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz202.
  • [24] Jokinen, M.P., Walker, N.J., Brix, A.E., Sells, D.M., Haseman, J.K., and Nyska, A., (2003). Increase in Cardiovascular Pathology in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Chronic Treatment With 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3, 3′, 4, 4′, 5-Pentachlorobiphenyl. Cardiovascular Toxicology, 3(4):299.
  • [25] Ateşşahin, D., Çeribaşı, S., and Ateşşahin, A., (2016). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksin ile Rat Beyin ve Kalp Dokusunda Oluşturulan Toksisite Üzerine Melatoninin Etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 30(3):221-227.
  • [26] Hassoun, E.A., Vodhanel, J., and Abushaban, A., (2004). The Modulatory Effects of Ellagic Acid and Vitamin E Succinate on TCDD‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Different Brain Regions of Rats After Subchronic Exposure. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 18(4):196-203.
  • [27] Hassoun, E.A., Al-Ghafri, M., and Abushaban, A., (2003). The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in TCDD-Induced Oxidative Stress in Various Brain Regions of Rats After Subchronic Exposure. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 35(9):1028-1036.
  • [28] Latchoumycandane, C. and Mathur, P.P., (2002). Effects of Vitamin E on Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated 2, 3, 7, 8‐Tetrachlorodi‐benzo‐p‐dioxin Toxicity in Rat Testis. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 22(5):345-351.
  • [29] Hassoun, E.A., Li, F., Abushaban, A., and Stohs, J.S., (2000). The Relative Abilities of TCDD and Its Congeners to Induce Oxidative Stres in the Hepatic and Brain Tissues of Rats after Subcronic Exposure. Toxicology, 145:103-113.
  • [30] İlhan, S., Ateşşahin, D., Ateşşahin, A., Mutlu, E., Onat, E., and Şahna, E., (2015). 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced Hypertension: The Beneficial Effects of Melatonin. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 31(4):298-303.
  • [31] Dean, J.H., Murray, M.J., and Ward, E.C., (1986). Toxic Responses of the Immune System. In: Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 3rd ed C.D. Klasen, M.O. Amdur, M.O. and Doull, Eds.) Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, 245-285.
  • [32] Exon, J.H., Kerkvliet, N.I., and Talcott, P.A., (1987). Immunotoxicity of Carcinogenic Pesticides and Related Chemicals. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, 5(1):73-120.
  • [33] Xu, J., Ye, Y., Huang, F., Chen, H., Wu, H., Huang, J., Hu, J., Xia, D., and Wu, Y., (2016). Association Between Dioxin and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. Scientific Reports, 6:38012.
  • [34] Fingerhut, M.A., Halperin, W.E., Marlow, D.A., Piacitelli, L.A., Honchar, P.A., Sweeney, M.H., Greife, A.L., Dill, P.A., Steenland, K., and Suruda, A.J., (1991). Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(4):212-218.
  • [35] USEPA, (1999). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Related Compounds Update: Impact on Fish Advisories.
  • [36] Yang, X., Ku, T., Sun, Z., Liu, Q. S., Yin, N., Zhou, Q., Faiola, F., Liao, C., and Jiang, G., (2019). Assessment of the Carcinogenic Effect of 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Form Teratoma in Vivo. Toxicology Letters, 312:139-147.
  • [37] Danjou, A.M., Fervers, B., Boutron-Ruault, M.C., Philip, T., Clavel-Chapelon, F., and Dossus, L., (2015). Estimated Dietary Dioxin Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk Among Women from the French E3N Prospective Cohort. Breast Cancer Research, 17(1):39.
  • [38] Kabir, A., Zendehdel, R., and Tayefeh-Rahimian, R., (2018). Dioxin Exposure in the Manufacture of Pesticide Production as a risk factor for death from prostate cancer: A meta-Analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 47(2):148.
  • [39] Galimova, E.F., Amirova, Z.K., and Galimov, S.N., (2015). Dioxins in the Semen of Men with Infertility. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(19):14566-14569.
  • [40] Pilsner, J.R., Parker, M., Sergeyev, O., and Suvorov, A., (2017). Spermatogenesis disruption by dioxins: Epigenetic Reprograming and Windows of Susceptibility. Reproductive Toxicology, 69:221-229.
  • [41] Pohjanvirta, R., (2009). Transgenic Mouse Lines Expressing Rat AH Receptor Variants-A New Animal Model for Research on AH Receptor Function and Dioxin Toxicity Mechanism. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 236:166–182.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dilek Arslan Ateşşahin 0000-0002-1528-9367

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan Ateşşahin, D. (2019). Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Ecological Life Sciences, 14(4), 58-65.
AMA Arslan Ateşşahin D. Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. NWSA. Ekim 2019;14(4):58-65.
Chicago Arslan Ateşşahin, Dilek. “Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları Ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri”. Ecological Life Sciences 14, sy. 4 (Ekim 2019): 58-65.
EndNote Arslan Ateşşahin D (01 Ekim 2019) Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Ecological Life Sciences 14 4 58–65.
IEEE D. Arslan Ateşşahin, “Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri”, NWSA, c. 14, sy. 4, ss. 58–65, 2019.
ISNAD Arslan Ateşşahin, Dilek. “Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları Ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri”. Ecological Life Sciences 14/4 (Ekim 2019), 58-65.
JAMA Arslan Ateşşahin D. Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. NWSA. 2019;14:58–65.
MLA Arslan Ateşşahin, Dilek. “Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları Ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri”. Ecological Life Sciences, c. 14, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 58-65.
Vancouver Arslan Ateşşahin D. Dioksinler; Kaynakları, Gıdalara Geçiş Yolları ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. NWSA. 2019;14(4):58-65.