YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELLEMESİ İLE TÜRK GEMIADAMLARININ SERBEST ZAMAN KATILIMLARINA İLİŞKİN NİCELİKSEL BİR ANALİZ
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 137 - 155, 21.04.2018
Veysel Gökçek
,
Leyla Tavacıoğlu
Öz
Deniz kazalarında insan faktörünü tetikleyen gemiadamlarının sosyal izolasyonu, gemi ortamında önemli bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Duygusal yetkinlikler ve hayattan duyulan memnuniyet, sosyal izolasyonun etkilerini azaltabilir. Serbest zaman faaliyetlerine katılım, bireysel duygusal zekayı artırabilir, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığın yanı sıra gelişmiş bir sosyal etkileşimi sağlayabilir ve yaşam memnuniyeti üretebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gemiadamlarını serbest zaman katılımlarına göre sınıflandırmak ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile serbest zaman tatmini, yaşam tatmini ve duygusal zeka açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Gemiadamlarına eğlence olanakları sağlanması ve ciddi olarak serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılımlarının desteklenmesi, duygusal zekalarını güçlendirerek ve yaşam memnuniyetlerini arttırarak maruz kaldıkları sosyal izolasyonun etkisini azaltabilir.
Kaynakça
- [1] Fernandez, B. and Krootjes, R., (2007). Seafarers-Invisible part of the Filipino Diaspora in Europe: Scenarios from on-board Research. In F.M. Høgsholm (Ed.), In de olde worlde: Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe (pp. 58-82): Philippine Social Science Council.
- [2] Swift, O., (2015). Social Isolation of Seafarers. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from ISWAN http://seafarerswelfare.org/news-and-media/latest-news/tweet-chat-iswan-hosts-discussion-about-social-isolation-of-seafarers.
- [3] Hetherington, C., Flin, R., and Mearns, K., (2006). Safety in Shipping: The Human Element. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4), 401-411.
- [4] Sampson, H. and Thomas, M., (2002). The Social Isolation of Seafarers: Causes, Effects, and Remedies. International Maritime Health, 54(1-4), 58-67.
- [5] Keltner, D. and Haidt, J., (2001). Social Functions of Emotions. in T.J. Mayne and G.A. Bonanno (Eds.), Emotions: Current Issues and Future Directions (pp:192-213). New York: Guilford.
- [6] Lopes, P.N., Brackett, M.A., Nezlek, J.B., Schütz, A., Sellin, I., and Salovey, P., (2004). Emotional Intelligence and Social Interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), 1018-1034.
- [7] Buelga, S., Musitu, G., Murgui, S., and Pons, J., (2008). Reputation, loneliness, Satisfaction with Life and Aggressive Behavior in Adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(01), 192-200.
- [8] Becchetti, L., Pelloni, A., and Rossetti, F., (2008). Relational Goods, Sociability, and Happiness. Kyklos, 61(3), 343-363.
- [9] Sarracino, F. (2010). Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being Trends: Comparing 11 Western European Countries. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(4), 482-517.
- [10] Dumazedier, J. and McClure, S.E., (1967). Toward a Society of leisure: Free Press New York.
- [11] Rojek, C., (2010). Leisure and Emotional Intelligence. World Leisure Journal, 52(4), 240-252.
- [12] Iso-Ahola, S.E., and Mannell, R.C., (2004). Leisure and Health. Work and Leisure, 184-199.
- [13] Gould, J., Moore, D., Karlin, N.J., Gaede, D.B., Walker, J., and Dotterweich, A.R., (2011). Measuring Serious Leisure in Chess: Model Confirmation and Method Bias. Leisure Sciences, 33(4), 332-340.
- [14] Saarni, H., and Pentti, J., (1996). Free-time Activities among Seafarers on Board Finnish Cargo Ships. Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, 47(1-4), 33-43.
- [15] Sampson, H. and Thomas, M., (2003). The Social Isolation of Seafarers: Causes, Effects, And Remedies. International Maritime Health, 54(1-4), 58-67.
- [16] Jensen, B., (2002). The Isolated Seafarer. Educational for occupational health nurse (WMU Library, unpublished).
- [17] Stebbins, R.A., (1982). Serious Leisure a Conceptual Statement. Sociological Perspectives, 25(2), 251-272.
- [18] Stebbins, R.A., (1992). Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure: McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.
- [19] Stebbins, R.A., (1996). Casual and Serious Leisure and Post-Traditional thought in the Information Age. World Leisure & Recreation, 38(3), 4-11.
- [20] Stebbins, R.A., (1997). Casual Leisure: A Conceptual Statement. Leisure studies, 16(1), 17-25.
- [21] Tsaur, S.H. and Liang, Y.W., (2008). Serious Leisure and Recreation Specialization. Leisure Sciences, 30(4), 325-341.
- [22] Akyıldız Munusturlar, M. and Argan, M., (2016). Development of the Serious and Casual Leisure Measure. World Leisure Journal, 58(2), 124-141.
- [23] Beard, J.G. and Ragheb, M.G., (1980). Measuring Leisure Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20.
- [24] Vaske, J.J., Fedler, A.J., and Graefe, A.R., (1986). Multiple Determinants of Satisfaction from a Specific Waterfowl Hunting Trip. Leisure Sciences, 8(2), 149-166.
- [25] Akyıldız Munusturlar, M., (2013). Ciddi ve Kayıtsız Katılımcıların Kişilik Özellikeri İle Boş Zaman Tatmini ve Yaşam Tatmini Arasındaki Ilişki (Doctoral Dissertation), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Retrieved From. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=1zw6GvYMe-q3Hf6HR-3US-puIk0mZ-gdkuGb38UDFJtUFofOJBxf_Q4_ae0O90TG.
- [26] Pavot, W., and Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164.
- [27] Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., and Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- [28] Diener, E. and Gonzalez, E., (2011). The Validity of Life Satisfaction Measures. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164.
- [29] Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., and Gencoz, T., (2010). Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish University Students, Correctional Officers, And Elderly Adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413-429.
- [30] Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D., (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
- [31] Goleman, D.P., (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can Matter more than IQ for Character, Health and Lifelong Achievement. In: New York: Bantam Books.
- [32] Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Hall, L.E., Haggerty, D.J., Cooper, J.T., Golden, C.J., and Dornheim, L., (1998). Development and Validation of a Measure of Emotional Intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167-177.
- [33] Mayer, J.D., and Salovey, P., (1997). What is Emotional Intelligence? . In P. Salovey and D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
- [34] Van Rooy, D.L. and Viswesvaran, C., (2007). Assessing Emotional Intelligence in Adults: A Review of The Most Popular Measures. Educating people to be Emotionally Intelligent, 259-272.
[35] Bar-On, R., (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A Test of Emotional Intelligence Multi Health Systems: Toronto.
- [36] Austin, E.J., Saklofske, D.H., Huang, S.H., and McKenney, D., (2004). Measurement of Trait Emotional Intelligence: Testing and Cross-validating a Modified Version of Schutte et al.'s (1998) Measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 555-562.
- [37] Tatar, A., Tok, S., and Saltukoğlu, G., (2011). Adaptation of the Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale into Turkish and Examination of Its Psychometric Properties. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-Bulletin Of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(4), 325-338.
- [38] Chen, Y.C., Li, R.H., and Chen, S.H., (2013). Relationships among Adolescents’ Leisure Motivation, Leisure Involvement, and Leisure Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 1187-1199.
- [39] Walker, G.J., Halpenny, E., Spiers, A., and Deng, J., (2011). A Prospective Panel Study of Chinese-Canadian Immigrants’ Leisure Participation and Leisure Satisfaction. Leisure Sciences, 33(5), 349-365.
- [40] Huebner, E.S., Suldo, S.M., Smith, L.C., and McKnight, C.G., (2004). Life Satisfaction in Children and Youth: Empirical Foundations and Implications for School Psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 81-93.
- [41] Menec, V.H. and Chipperfield, J.G., (1997). Remaining Active in Later Life the Role of Locus of Control in Seniors' Leisure Activity Participation, Health, and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Aging and Health, 9(1), 105-125.
- [42] Wu, C.H., (2010). The Relationships among Leisure Participation, Leisure Satisfaction, and Emotional Intelligence among Elementary School Teachers in Northern Taiwan. (Doctoral Dissertation), The University of the Incarnate Word, Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (305247436). Retrieved from http://160.75.22.2/docview/305247436?accountid=11638.
- [43] Stebbins, R.A., (2005). Project‐based Leisure: Theoretical Neglect of a Common use of Free Time. Leisure Studies, 24(1), 1-11.
- [44] Heo, J., Stebbins, R.A., Kim, J., and Lee, I., (2013). Serious Leisure, life Satisfaction, and Health of Older Adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16-32.
- [45] Stebbins, R.A., (2014). The Emotions in Leisure: Positive and Negative Influences. Retrieved March 20, 2016 https://leisurestudiesblog.wordpress.com/2014/11/09/the-emotions-in-leisure-positive-and-negative-influences/.
- [46] Green, S.B. and Salkind, N.J., (2010). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data: Prentice Hall Press.
- [47] Mingoti, S.A. and Lima, J.O., (2006). Comparing SOM Neural Network with Fuzzy c-means, K-means and Traditional Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms. European journal of Operational Research, 174(3), 1742-1759.
- [48] Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V., Niknafs, A., and Charrad, M.M., (2014). Package ‘NbClust’. J. Stat. Soft, 61, 1-36.
- [49] Dunn, J.C., (1973). A fuzzy Relative of the ISODATA Process and its Use in Detecting Compact Well-Separated Clusters.
- [50] Bezdek, J., (1981). Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Algorithms Plenum Press New York Google Scholar.
- [51] Meyer, D., Dimitriadou, E., Hornik, K., Weingessel, A., and Leisch, F., (2015). e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group, TU Wien. In.
- [52] Ligges, U., and Mächler, M., (2003). Scatterplot3d - an R Package for Visualizing Multivariate Data. Journal of Statistical Software, 8(11), 1-20.
- [53] Tabachnick, B.G., and Fidell, L.S., (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (Sixth ed.). Boston: Pearson.
- [54] Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, W.M.A.W., and Asri, M., (2015). Parametric and Non Parametric Approach in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): The Application of Bootstrapping. Modern Applied Science, 9(9), 58.
- [55] Hoyle, R.H., (1995). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications: Sage.
- [56] Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D.F., and Summers, G.F., (1977). Assessing Reliability and Stability in Panel Models. Sociological Methodology, 8, 84-136.
- [57] Steiger, J.H., (2007). Understanding the Limitations of Global Fit Assessment in Structural Equation Modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898.
- [58] Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., and Mullen, M., (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Articles, 2.
- [59] Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M., (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- [60] Rosete, D. and Ciarrochi, J., (2005). Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship to Workplace Performance Outcomes of Leadership Effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(5), 388-399.
- [61] O'Boyle, E.H., Humphrey, R.H., Pollack, J.M., Hawver, T.H., and Story, P.A., (2011). The Relation between Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788-818.
- [62] Carmeli, A., (2003). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Work Attitudes, Behavior and Outcomes: An Examination among Senior Managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788-813.
- [63] Ignat, A.A. and Clipa, O., (2012). Teachers’ Satisfaction with Life, Job Satisfaction and Their Emotional Intelligence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 498-502.
- [64] Ellis, N., (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Quality of Seafarers Accommodation and Recreational Facilities. Paper Presented at the IMISS2013–Proceedings of the International Scientific Meeting for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Shipping.
- [65] Progoulaki, M. and Roe, M., (2011). Dealing with Multicultural Human Resources in a Socially Responsible Manner: a Focus on the Maritime Industry. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 10(1), 7-23.
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ON LEISURE PARTICIPATION OF TURKISH SEAFARERS BY STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 137 - 155, 21.04.2018
Veysel Gökçek
,
Leyla Tavacıoğlu
Öz
Social isolation of the seafarers - which induces human factor in marine accidents - is an important problem driver in the ship environment. Emotional competencies and satisfaction with life are able to reduce effects of social isolation. Ordinary participation in leisure activities can enhance individual emotional intelligence, provide physical and mental health as well as an improved social interaction and produce life satisfaction. The aim of this study is to classify seafarers based on their leisure participation level, and to compare them each other in terms of leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and emotional intelligence by structural equation modeling. Providing leisure facilities for seafarers and supporting them to join leisure activates as serious participants can eliminate negative effects of social isolation by enhancing the emotional intelligence and producing life satisfaction.
Kaynakça
- [1] Fernandez, B. and Krootjes, R., (2007). Seafarers-Invisible part of the Filipino Diaspora in Europe: Scenarios from on-board Research. In F.M. Høgsholm (Ed.), In de olde worlde: Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe (pp. 58-82): Philippine Social Science Council.
- [2] Swift, O., (2015). Social Isolation of Seafarers. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from ISWAN http://seafarerswelfare.org/news-and-media/latest-news/tweet-chat-iswan-hosts-discussion-about-social-isolation-of-seafarers.
- [3] Hetherington, C., Flin, R., and Mearns, K., (2006). Safety in Shipping: The Human Element. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4), 401-411.
- [4] Sampson, H. and Thomas, M., (2002). The Social Isolation of Seafarers: Causes, Effects, and Remedies. International Maritime Health, 54(1-4), 58-67.
- [5] Keltner, D. and Haidt, J., (2001). Social Functions of Emotions. in T.J. Mayne and G.A. Bonanno (Eds.), Emotions: Current Issues and Future Directions (pp:192-213). New York: Guilford.
- [6] Lopes, P.N., Brackett, M.A., Nezlek, J.B., Schütz, A., Sellin, I., and Salovey, P., (2004). Emotional Intelligence and Social Interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), 1018-1034.
- [7] Buelga, S., Musitu, G., Murgui, S., and Pons, J., (2008). Reputation, loneliness, Satisfaction with Life and Aggressive Behavior in Adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(01), 192-200.
- [8] Becchetti, L., Pelloni, A., and Rossetti, F., (2008). Relational Goods, Sociability, and Happiness. Kyklos, 61(3), 343-363.
- [9] Sarracino, F. (2010). Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being Trends: Comparing 11 Western European Countries. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(4), 482-517.
- [10] Dumazedier, J. and McClure, S.E., (1967). Toward a Society of leisure: Free Press New York.
- [11] Rojek, C., (2010). Leisure and Emotional Intelligence. World Leisure Journal, 52(4), 240-252.
- [12] Iso-Ahola, S.E., and Mannell, R.C., (2004). Leisure and Health. Work and Leisure, 184-199.
- [13] Gould, J., Moore, D., Karlin, N.J., Gaede, D.B., Walker, J., and Dotterweich, A.R., (2011). Measuring Serious Leisure in Chess: Model Confirmation and Method Bias. Leisure Sciences, 33(4), 332-340.
- [14] Saarni, H., and Pentti, J., (1996). Free-time Activities among Seafarers on Board Finnish Cargo Ships. Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, 47(1-4), 33-43.
- [15] Sampson, H. and Thomas, M., (2003). The Social Isolation of Seafarers: Causes, Effects, And Remedies. International Maritime Health, 54(1-4), 58-67.
- [16] Jensen, B., (2002). The Isolated Seafarer. Educational for occupational health nurse (WMU Library, unpublished).
- [17] Stebbins, R.A., (1982). Serious Leisure a Conceptual Statement. Sociological Perspectives, 25(2), 251-272.
- [18] Stebbins, R.A., (1992). Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure: McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.
- [19] Stebbins, R.A., (1996). Casual and Serious Leisure and Post-Traditional thought in the Information Age. World Leisure & Recreation, 38(3), 4-11.
- [20] Stebbins, R.A., (1997). Casual Leisure: A Conceptual Statement. Leisure studies, 16(1), 17-25.
- [21] Tsaur, S.H. and Liang, Y.W., (2008). Serious Leisure and Recreation Specialization. Leisure Sciences, 30(4), 325-341.
- [22] Akyıldız Munusturlar, M. and Argan, M., (2016). Development of the Serious and Casual Leisure Measure. World Leisure Journal, 58(2), 124-141.
- [23] Beard, J.G. and Ragheb, M.G., (1980). Measuring Leisure Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20.
- [24] Vaske, J.J., Fedler, A.J., and Graefe, A.R., (1986). Multiple Determinants of Satisfaction from a Specific Waterfowl Hunting Trip. Leisure Sciences, 8(2), 149-166.
- [25] Akyıldız Munusturlar, M., (2013). Ciddi ve Kayıtsız Katılımcıların Kişilik Özellikeri İle Boş Zaman Tatmini ve Yaşam Tatmini Arasındaki Ilişki (Doctoral Dissertation), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir. Retrieved From. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=1zw6GvYMe-q3Hf6HR-3US-puIk0mZ-gdkuGb38UDFJtUFofOJBxf_Q4_ae0O90TG.
- [26] Pavot, W., and Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164.
- [27] Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., and Griffin, S., (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- [28] Diener, E. and Gonzalez, E., (2011). The Validity of Life Satisfaction Measures. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164.
- [29] Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., and Gencoz, T., (2010). Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish University Students, Correctional Officers, And Elderly Adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413-429.
- [30] Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D., (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
- [31] Goleman, D.P., (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can Matter more than IQ for Character, Health and Lifelong Achievement. In: New York: Bantam Books.
- [32] Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Hall, L.E., Haggerty, D.J., Cooper, J.T., Golden, C.J., and Dornheim, L., (1998). Development and Validation of a Measure of Emotional Intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167-177.
- [33] Mayer, J.D., and Salovey, P., (1997). What is Emotional Intelligence? . In P. Salovey and D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
- [34] Van Rooy, D.L. and Viswesvaran, C., (2007). Assessing Emotional Intelligence in Adults: A Review of The Most Popular Measures. Educating people to be Emotionally Intelligent, 259-272.
[35] Bar-On, R., (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A Test of Emotional Intelligence Multi Health Systems: Toronto.
- [36] Austin, E.J., Saklofske, D.H., Huang, S.H., and McKenney, D., (2004). Measurement of Trait Emotional Intelligence: Testing and Cross-validating a Modified Version of Schutte et al.'s (1998) Measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 555-562.
- [37] Tatar, A., Tok, S., and Saltukoğlu, G., (2011). Adaptation of the Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale into Turkish and Examination of Its Psychometric Properties. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-Bulletin Of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(4), 325-338.
- [38] Chen, Y.C., Li, R.H., and Chen, S.H., (2013). Relationships among Adolescents’ Leisure Motivation, Leisure Involvement, and Leisure Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 1187-1199.
- [39] Walker, G.J., Halpenny, E., Spiers, A., and Deng, J., (2011). A Prospective Panel Study of Chinese-Canadian Immigrants’ Leisure Participation and Leisure Satisfaction. Leisure Sciences, 33(5), 349-365.
- [40] Huebner, E.S., Suldo, S.M., Smith, L.C., and McKnight, C.G., (2004). Life Satisfaction in Children and Youth: Empirical Foundations and Implications for School Psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 81-93.
- [41] Menec, V.H. and Chipperfield, J.G., (1997). Remaining Active in Later Life the Role of Locus of Control in Seniors' Leisure Activity Participation, Health, and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Aging and Health, 9(1), 105-125.
- [42] Wu, C.H., (2010). The Relationships among Leisure Participation, Leisure Satisfaction, and Emotional Intelligence among Elementary School Teachers in Northern Taiwan. (Doctoral Dissertation), The University of the Incarnate Word, Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (305247436). Retrieved from http://160.75.22.2/docview/305247436?accountid=11638.
- [43] Stebbins, R.A., (2005). Project‐based Leisure: Theoretical Neglect of a Common use of Free Time. Leisure Studies, 24(1), 1-11.
- [44] Heo, J., Stebbins, R.A., Kim, J., and Lee, I., (2013). Serious Leisure, life Satisfaction, and Health of Older Adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16-32.
- [45] Stebbins, R.A., (2014). The Emotions in Leisure: Positive and Negative Influences. Retrieved March 20, 2016 https://leisurestudiesblog.wordpress.com/2014/11/09/the-emotions-in-leisure-positive-and-negative-influences/.
- [46] Green, S.B. and Salkind, N.J., (2010). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data: Prentice Hall Press.
- [47] Mingoti, S.A. and Lima, J.O., (2006). Comparing SOM Neural Network with Fuzzy c-means, K-means and Traditional Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms. European journal of Operational Research, 174(3), 1742-1759.
- [48] Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V., Niknafs, A., and Charrad, M.M., (2014). Package ‘NbClust’. J. Stat. Soft, 61, 1-36.
- [49] Dunn, J.C., (1973). A fuzzy Relative of the ISODATA Process and its Use in Detecting Compact Well-Separated Clusters.
- [50] Bezdek, J., (1981). Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Algorithms Plenum Press New York Google Scholar.
- [51] Meyer, D., Dimitriadou, E., Hornik, K., Weingessel, A., and Leisch, F., (2015). e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group, TU Wien. In.
- [52] Ligges, U., and Mächler, M., (2003). Scatterplot3d - an R Package for Visualizing Multivariate Data. Journal of Statistical Software, 8(11), 1-20.
- [53] Tabachnick, B.G., and Fidell, L.S., (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (Sixth ed.). Boston: Pearson.
- [54] Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, W.M.A.W., and Asri, M., (2015). Parametric and Non Parametric Approach in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): The Application of Bootstrapping. Modern Applied Science, 9(9), 58.
- [55] Hoyle, R.H., (1995). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications: Sage.
- [56] Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D.F., and Summers, G.F., (1977). Assessing Reliability and Stability in Panel Models. Sociological Methodology, 8, 84-136.
- [57] Steiger, J.H., (2007). Understanding the Limitations of Global Fit Assessment in Structural Equation Modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898.
- [58] Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., and Mullen, M., (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Articles, 2.
- [59] Hu, L.T. and Bentler, P.M., (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- [60] Rosete, D. and Ciarrochi, J., (2005). Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship to Workplace Performance Outcomes of Leadership Effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26(5), 388-399.
- [61] O'Boyle, E.H., Humphrey, R.H., Pollack, J.M., Hawver, T.H., and Story, P.A., (2011). The Relation between Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788-818.
- [62] Carmeli, A., (2003). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Work Attitudes, Behavior and Outcomes: An Examination among Senior Managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788-813.
- [63] Ignat, A.A. and Clipa, O., (2012). Teachers’ Satisfaction with Life, Job Satisfaction and Their Emotional Intelligence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 498-502.
- [64] Ellis, N., (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Quality of Seafarers Accommodation and Recreational Facilities. Paper Presented at the IMISS2013–Proceedings of the International Scientific Meeting for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Shipping.
- [65] Progoulaki, M. and Roe, M., (2011). Dealing with Multicultural Human Resources in a Socially Responsible Manner: a Focus on the Maritime Industry. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 10(1), 7-23.