THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF POULTRY DISEASES

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 35 - 42, 21.04.2018

Emre Arslanbaş Emine Baydan

Öz

Improvement of consumer consciousness and the
increasing tendency towards consumption of natural products, and increasing
resistance to antibiotics and antiparasitic medicines, have increasingly
limited utilization of medicines for protection from diseases. It has also
become impossible to use antibiotics and similar medicines for animals in order
for preventive purposes except medical treatments as a result of recent legal
arrangements and this situation caused new approaches for fighting with
diseases. People have now focused on using as natural as possible products for
treatment and prevention purposes. Immunostimulants are natural or synthetic
components that are used at pets and poultries for various purposes, such as
health, growth and performance increase, and they stimulate humoral and
non-specific cellular immune system against pathogens. Studies showed that
immunostimulants provide immunity against various disease factors, such as
bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases, increase the survival rate and
productivity, increase the effect of vaccines and antibiotics. They are
preferred also because they are safer than chemotherapeutics. Taking necessary
actions to protect hencoop from viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases and to
prevent economic losses is important in poultry farming. It seems more suitable
to use immunostimulants for prevention purposes before the disease occurs.
However, since they have effectiveness increasing properties as adjuvants, it
is also possible to state that they will be more effective for treatment if
they can be used in combination. Therefore it is expected that therapeutically
effective components can be developed in recent future with single or combined
immunostimulant trials, which are not harmful to animals, humans and
environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Immunostimulants, Poultry, Treatment, Immunomodulators, Prevention of Diseases, Immunomodulators

THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF POULTRY DISEASES

Öz

Improvement of consumer consciousness and the increasing tendency towards consumption of natural products, and increasing resistance to antibiotics and antiparasitic medicines, have
increasingly limited utilization of medicines for protection from diseases. It has also become impossible to use antibiotics and similar medicines for animals in order for preventive purposes except medical treatments as a result of recent legal arrangements and this situation caused new approaches for fighting with diseases. People have now focused on using as natural as possible products for treatment and prevention purposes. Immunostimulants are natural or synthetic components that are used at pets and poultries for various purposes, such as health, growth and performance increase, and they stimulate humoral and non-specific cellular immune system against pathogens. Studies showed that immunostimulants provide immunity against various disease factors, such as bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases, increase the survival rate and productivity, increase the effect of vaccines and antibiotics. They are preferred also because they are safer than chemotherapeutics. Taking necessary actions to protect hencoop from viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases and to prevent economic losses is important in poultry farming. It seems more suitable to use immunostimulants for prevention purposes before the disease occurs. However, since they have effectiveness increasing properties as adjuvants, it is also possible to state that they will be more effective for treatment if they can be used in combination. Therefore it is expected that therapeutically effective components can be developed in recent future with single or combined immunostimulant trials, which are not harmful to animals, humans and enviro

Anahtar Kelimeler

Immunostimulants, Prevention of Diseases, Poultry, Treatment, Immunomodulators

Kaynakça

• [1] Dhama, K., Saminathan, M., Jacob, S.S., Singh, M., Karthik, K., Amarpal Tiwari, R., Sunkara, L.T., Malik, Y.S., and Singh, R.K., (2015). Effect of Immunomodulation and Immunomodulatory Agents on Health with some Bioactive Principles, Modes of Action and Potent Biomedical Applications. International Journal of Pharmacology, Volume: 11, pp:253-290.
• [2] Hancock, R.E.W. and Sahl, H.G., (2006). Antimicrobial and Host-defense Peptides as New Anti-infective Therapeutic Strategies. Nat. Biotechnol., Volume:24, pp:1551-1557.
• [3] Hamill, P., Brown, K., Jenssen, H., and Hancock, R.E.W., (2008). Novel Anti-infectives: Is Host Defence the Answer? Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., Volume:19, pp:628-636.
• [4] Mehana, E.E., Rahmani, A.H., and Aly, S.M., (2015). Immunostimulants and Fish Culture: An Overview. Annual Research&Review in Biology, Volume:5, p:477-489.
• [5] Li, X.Y., (2000). Immuno-modulation Components from Chinese Medicines. Pharm Bio., Volume:38 (Suppl), pp:33-40.
• [6] Xue, M. and Meng, X.S., (1996). Review on Research Progress and Prosperous of Immune Activities of Bio-active Polysaccharides. J Tradit Chin Vet Med., Volume:3, pp:15-18.
• [7] Vetvicka, V. and Oliveira, C., (2014). β(1-3)(1-6)-D-Glucan with Strong Effects on Immune Status in Chicken: Potential Importance for Efficiency of Commercial Farming. J Nutr Health Sci., Volume:1, pp:1-6.
• [8] Ganguly, S., (2013). Pharmaceutical and Immunomodulation Effect of Yeast and Mycotic Extracts as Feed Additives for Livestock and Poultry. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research, Volume:3, pp:125-127.
• [9] Ganguly, S. and Prasad, A., (2011). Role of Plant Extracts and Cow Urine Distillate as Immunomodulators: A Review. J. Med. Plant. Res., Volume:5, pp:649-651.
• [10] Mahima., Ingle, A.M., Verma, A.K., Tiwari, R., Karthik, K., Chakraborty, S., Deb, R., Rajagunalan, S., Rathore, R., and Dhama, K., (2013). Immunomodulators in Day to Day Life: A Review. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., Volume:16, pp:826-843.
• [11] Allen, P.C., Danforth, H.D., and Levander, O.A., (1996). Diets High in n-3 Fatty Acids Reduces Cecal Lesion Scores in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Poult Sci., Volume:75, pp:179-185.
• [12] Allen, P.C., Danforth, H.D., and Levander, O.A., (1997). Interaction of Dietary Flaxseed with Coccidia Infections in Chickens. Poult Sci., Volume:76, pp:822-827.
• [13] Dekich, M.A., (1998). Broiler Industry Strategies for Control of Respiratory and Enteric Diseases. Poultry Science, Volume:77, pp:1176-1180.
• [14] Ding, X., Lillehoj, H.S., Quiroz, M.A., Bevensee, E. and Lillehoj, E.P., (2004). Protective Immunity against Eimeria acervulina following in ovo Immunization with a Recombinant Subunit Vaccine and Cytokine Genes. Infect Immun., Volume:72, pp:6939-6944.
• [15] Ganguly, S., (2013). Promising Physiological Effect of Various Biological and Inorganic Agents as Feed Supplements for Livestock and Poultry with Discussion on Research Proven facts and Establishment of Concept: An Elaborate and Specialized Review. Journal of Biological&Scientific Opinion, Volume:1, pp:235-238.
• [16] Oblakova, M.G., Sotirov, L.K., Lalev, M.T., Hristakieva, P., Mincheva, N., Ivanova, I., Bozakova, N.A. and Koynarski, Ts., (2015). Growth Performance and Natural Humoral Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Treated with the Immunomodulator Natstim®. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., Volume:4, pp:1-7.
• [17] Yuan, J., Liu, J., Hu, Y.L., Fan, Y., Wang, D., Guo, L., Nguyen, L., Zhao, X., Liu, X., Liu, C., and Wu, Y., (2012). The Immunological Activity of Propolis Flavonoids Liposome on the Immune Response Against ND Vaccine. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume:51, pp:400-405.
• [18] Yang, Y., Wei, K., Yang, S., Li, B., Zhang, Y., Zhu, F., Wang, D., Chi, S., Jiang, X., and Zhu, R., (2015). Co-adjuvant Effects of Plant Polysaccharide and Propolis on Chickens Inoculated with Bordetella avium Inactivated Vaccine. Avian Pathology, Volume:44, pp:248-253.
• [19] Kitandu, A. and Juranová, R., (2006). Progress in Control Measures for Chicken Coccidiosis. Acta Vet., Volume:75, pp:265-276.
• [20] Gatne, M.M., Patil, R., Ravikanth, K., Shivi, M., and Rekhe, D.S., (2010). Evaluation of Immunodulatory effect of Stresroak Premix in Broiler Chick. Veterinary World, Volume:3, pp:122-125.
• [21] Bhatt, P., Shukla, S.K., Wani, M.Y., Tiwari, R., and Dhama, K., (2013). Amelioration of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus Induced Immunosuppression by Immunomodulator and Haematinic Supplementation in Chicks. Vet. Arhiv, Volume:83, pp:639-652.
• [22] Sunder, J., Rai, R.B., Yasmeen, J., Kundu, A., and Jeyakumar, S., (2007). Immunomodulator effect of Morinda citrifolia in Poultry. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Volume:77, pp:1126-1128.
• [23] Liang, M., Liu, G., Zhao, Q., Yang, S., Zhong, S., Cui, G., He, X., Zhao, X., Guo, F., Wu, C., and Zhu, R., (2013). Effects of Taishan Robinia pseudoacacia Polysaccharides on Immune Function in Chickens. International Immunopharmacology, Volume:15, pp:661-665.
• [24] Abdelwhab, E.M. and Hafez, H.M., (2012). Insight into Alternative Approaches for Control of Avian Influenza in Poultry, with Emphasis on Highly Pathogenic H5N1. Viruses, Volume:4, pp:3179-3208.
• [25] Zhai, L., Li, Y., Wang, W., Wang, Y., and Hu, S., (2011). Effect of Oral Administration of Ginseng Stem-and-Leaf Saponins (GSLS) on the Immune Responses to Newcastle Disease Vaccine in Chickens. Vaccine, Volume:29, pp:5007-5014.
• [26] Çimrin, T. and Demirel, M., (2016). Influences of Rosemary Essential Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Small Instentine Microflora Laying Hens. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, Volume:4, pp:769-775.
• [27] Hikosaka, K., El-Abasy, M., Koyama, Y., Motobu, M., Koge, K., Isobe, T., Kang, C.B., Hayashidani, H., Onodera, T., Wang, P.C., Matsumura, M., and Hirota, Y., (2007). Immunostimulating Effects of the Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Extract in Chickens. Phytother. Res., Volume:21, pp:120-125.
• [28] Guo, F.C., Kwakkel, R.P., Williams, B.A., Parmentier, H.K., Li, W.K., Yang, Z.Q., and Verstegen, M.W.A., (2004). Effects of Mushroom and Herb Polysaccharides on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses of Eimeria tenella Infected Chickens. Poult Sci., Volume:83, pp:1124-1132.
• [29] Kitprathaung, N., Ngamrojanavanich, N., Chansiripornchai, P., Pongsamart, S., and Chansiripornchai, N., (2013). Effect of Polysaccharide Gel Extracted from Durio zibethinus Rind on Immune Responses, Bacteria Counts and Cholesterol Quantities in Chickens. Thai J Vet Med., Volume:43, pp:251-258.
• [30] Sanda, M.E., Anene, B.M., and Owoade, A., (2008). Effect of Levamisole as an Immunomodulator in Cockerels Vaccinated with Newcastle Disease Vaccine. International Journal of Poultry Science, Volume:7, pp:1042-1044.
• [31] Mubarak, A., Rashid, A., Khan, I.A., and Hussain, A., (2009). Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium as Immunomodulators on Induced Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Birds. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci., Volume:7, pp:31-34.