Electrophoresis Applications Used in Medicine

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 12 - 25, 31.01.2020

Özlem Coşkun , Özlem Öztopuz

Öz

     Clinical
analysis distinguishing between the characteristics of healthy and pathological
conditions, the researcher to solve the mystery of the disease and to provide
the treatment of the disease in a short time is very important to save human
life. Electrophoresis routine biochemistry, hematology, or urinalysis is one of
the basic diagnostic methods commonly used in the world to obtain vitally
important information. Nonspecific changes in electrophoretic patterns are
associated with patient clinical data electrophoresis, it is very valuable in
determining the diseases which cannot be detected by routine diagnostic
studies. Many diseases such as liver, renal pathological disorders,
inflammation, proteinemia, multiple myeloma, and macroglobulinemia can be
diagnosed by electrophoresis. Recent developments in electrophoresis technology
will be the miniaturization and portability of systems. With the development of
technology, it is possible to perform electrophoresis with programming that
enables automatic execution of computerized robotic and electrophoresis
protocols. Large research is carried out to improve the systems used by
different working groups, especially the automatic electrophoresis system. The
methods explored and developed are mainly aimed at increasing the efficiency,
reproducibility and accuracy of the separation process. The aim of this review
is to emphasize the general features of electrophoresis method, clinical
diagnostic applications and future potential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis in Diagnosis, Clinical Applications, Clinical Analysis, Electrophoresis Types

Kaynakça

• [1] Gostin, L.O., Levit, L.A., and Nass, S.J., (Eds.) (2009). Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research. National Academies Press.
• [2] Tissot, J.D., Layer, A., Schneider, P., Forestier, F., and Henry, H., (2000). Gel Electrophoresis.
• [3] Caballero, B., Trugo, L.C., and Finglas, P.M., (2003). Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. Academic. Burgess, R.R. and Deutscher, M.P., (Eds.) (2009). Guide to Protein Purification (Vol:463). Academic Press.
• [4] Fesmire, J.D., (2019). A Brief Review of Other Notable Electrophoretic Methods. In Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins (pp:495-499). Humana Press, New York, NY.
• [5] Gowenlock, A.H., McMurray, J.R., and McLauchlan, D.M., (1987). Separative Procedures, Electrophoresis. In: Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry. Heinman Medical Books, London. 69-81.
• [6] Marshal, W.J., (1995). Clinical Chemistry. Mosby, London. 201-12.
• [7] Vavricka, S.R., Burri, E., Beglinger, C., Degen, L., and Manz, M., (2009). Serum Protein Electrophoresis: an Underused but Very Useful Test. Digestion, 79:203-10.
• [8] Tothova, C., Nagy, O., and Kovac, G., (2016). Serum Proteins and Their Diagnostic Utility in Veterinary Medicine: A Review. Veterinarni Medicina, 61:475–496.
• [9] Chin, K.J., Yuen, K.H., Sieo, C.C., and Yiap, B.C., (2013). Electrophoresis: What does a Century Old Technology Hold for the Future of Separation Science?.
• [10] Judd, R.C., (1996). SDS-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Peptides. In The Protein Protocols Handbook (pp:101-107).
• [11] Laemmli, U.K., (1970). Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4. Nature., 227:680–685.
• [12] Jalali, M., Saldanha, F.Y.L., and Jalali, M., (Eds.) (2017). Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers. Academic Press.
• [13] Hames, B.D., (1998). Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins A Practical Approach Third Edition. Edited by School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
• [14] Giot, J.F., (2010). Agarose gel Electorphoresis–applications in Clinical Chemistry. JMB., 29:9–14.
• [15] Drabik, A., Bodzoń-Kułakowska, A., and Silberring, J., (2016). Gel Electrophoresis. In Proteomic Profiling and Analytical Chemistry (pp:115-143).
• [16] Nedelcu, S. and Watson, J.H.P., (2004). Size Separation of DNA Molecules by Pulsed Electric Field Dielectrophoresis. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37:2197–2204.
• [17] Schwartz, D.C. and Cantor, C.R., (1984). Separation of Yeast Chromosome-sized DNAs by Pulsed Field Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. cell, 37(1):67-75.
• [18] Gardiner, K., (1991). Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Analytical Chemistry., 63:658-665.
• [19] Tejedor, J.L., Vela, A.I., Gibello, A., Casamayor, A., Dominguez, L., and Fernandez, J.F., (2011). A Genetic Comparison of Pig, Cow and Trout Isolates of Lactococcus garvieae by PFGE Analysis. Letters in Applied Microbiology., 53:614–19.
• [20] Türe, M. and Altınok, İ., (2013). Pulsed-Field Jel Elektroforez (PFGE) Metodu ve Akuatik Organizmalarda Kullanımı. Süleymen Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi., 9:44-54.
• [21] McEllistrem, M.C., Stout, J.E., and Harrison, L.H. (2000). Simplifield Protocol for Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology., 38:351-353.
• [22] Bonofiglio, L., Gardella, N., and Mollerach, M. (2012). Application of Molecular Typing Methods to the Study of Medically Relevant Gram-Positive Cocci. Gel Electrophoresis–Advanced Techniques, 113.
• [23] O'Farrell, P.Z., Goodman, H.M., and O'Farrell, P.H. (1977). High Resolution Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Basic as Well as Acidic Proteins. Cell.,12:1133-1142.
• [24] Bollag, D.M., Rozycki, M.D., and Edelstein, S.J., (1996). Protein Methods, Wiley–Liss, New York.
• [25] Ciborowski, P., Silberring, J., (Eds.). (2016). Proteomic Profiling and Analytical Chemistry: The Crossroads. Elsevier).
• [26] Magdeldin, S., Enany, S., Yoshida, Y., Xu, B., Zhang, Y., Zureena, Z., and Yamamoto, T., (2014). Basics and Recent Advances of Two Dimensional-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Clinical proteomics, 11(1):16.
• [27] Pláteník, J., (2008/2009). First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Praque Electrophoresis in Biochemistry.
• [28] György, M.V., (2004). Proteomics Principles and Challenges. Pure Appl Chem., 76: 829-37.
• [29] Hochstrasser, D.F., (1997). Clinical and Biomedical Applications of Proteomics. Proteome Research: New Frontiers in Functional Genomics., 187–220.
• [30] Srinivas, P.R., Srivastava, S., Hanash, S., and Wright, G.L., (2001). Proteomics in Early Detection of Cancer. Clinical Chemistry., 47:1901–1911.
• [31] Şanlıoğlu, A.D., (2016).Proteomiks ve Stratejileri. Bölüm 23.
• [32] Yokota, H., (2019). Applications of Proteomics in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, 1867(1):17-21.
• [33] Chiu, D.T., Lillard, S.J., Scheller, R.H., Zare, R.N., Rodriguez-Cruz, S.E., Williams, E.R., Orwar, O., Sandberg, M., Lundqvist, J.A., (1998). Probing Single Secretory Vesicles with Capillary Electrophoresis. Science., 20;1190-3.
• [34] Tristezza, M., Gerardi, C., Logrieco, A., and Grieco, F., (2009). An Optimized Protocol for the production of interdelta markers in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae By Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Journal of Microbiological Methods., 78:286–91.
• [35] Chen, F.T.A., Liu, C.M., Hsieh, Y., Sternberg J., (1991). Capillary Electrophoresis-a New Clinical Tool. Clin. Chem., 37:14-19.
• [36] Voet, D. and Voet, J.G., (1995). Biochem 2nd Edition.
• [37] Petersen, J.R., Okorodudu, A.O., Mohammad, A., and Payne, D.A., (2003). Capillary Electrophoresis and İts Application in the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chim Acta., 330:1-30.
• [38] Gauthier, M.G., (2008). Simulation of Polymer Translocation Through Small Channels: A molecular Dynamics Study and a New Monte Carlo Approach (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada).
• [39] Hammond, A., (2001). Microchip-based Capillary Electrophoresis: Sequencing and Beyond. Bioresearcher Online.
• [40] Wuethrich, A. and Quirino, J.P., (2019). Decade of Microchip Electrophoresis for Clinical Diagnostics - A review of 2008-2017. Analytica Chimica Acta., 1045:42-66.
• [41] Kaneko, K., Seta, K., Soma, J., Kuwahara, T., Koizumi, M., Kikuchi, Y., and Yahata, K., (2014). Gamma 1-heavy Chain Deposition Disease Accompanied by IgG kappa in Serum, Urine, and Bone Marrow. CEN case reports, 3(1):44-48.
• [42] Thadikkaran, L., Siegenthaler, M.A., Crettaz, D., Queloz, P.A., Schneider, P., and Tissot, J.D., (2005). Recent Advances in Blood‐Related Proteomics. Proteomics, 5(12):3019-3034.
• [43] Gupta, S., Comenzo, R.L., Hoffman, B.R., and Fleisher, M., (2005). National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Guidelines for the Use of Tumor Markers in Monoclonal Gammopathies. Section 3:K.
• [44] Ercan, M., Oğuz, E.,Uysal, S., Sezer, S., Topçuoğlu, C., and Yılmaz, F.M., (2013). Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi immünfiksasyon elektroforezi verilerinin değerlendirilmesi.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations., 4:148-152.
• [45] Abraham, R.S., Barnidge, D.R., and Lanza, I.R., (2012). Assessment of Proteins of the Immune System. In Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice: Fourth Edition (pp:1145-1159.
• [46] Katzmann, J.A., (2009). Screening Panels for Monoclonal Gammopathies: Time to Change. Clin Biochem Rev., 30:105-111.
• [47] Dispenzieri, A., Kyle, R., Merlin, i.G., Miguel, J.S., Ludwig, H., and Hajek, R., (2009). International Myeloma Working Group. International Myeloma Working Group Guidelines for Serum-Free Light Chain Analysis in Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders. Leukemia., 23:215-24.
• [48] Zeren, F., Genç, A., and Çürük, M.A., (2007). Preliminary Data on Preimplantion Genetic Diagnosis for Hemoglobinopathies in Turkey, Hemoglobin., 31:273-277. [49] http://www.medical-labs.net/hemoglobin-electrophoresis.
• [50] Michels, D.A., Hu, S., Schoenherr, R.M., Eggertson, M.J., and Dovichi, N.J., (2002). Fully Automated Two-dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis for High Sensitivity Protein Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics., 1:69-74.
• [51] Kristensen, V.N., Kelefiotis, D., Kristense, T., Borresen Dale, A.L., (2001). High Throughput Methods for Detection of Genetic Variation, Bio Techniques., 30:318-332.
• [52] Larsen, L.A., Christiansen, M., Vuust, J., and Andersen, P.S., (1999). High Throughput Single Strand Sonformation Polymorphism Analysis by Automated Capillary Electrophoresis: Robust Multiplex Analysis and Pattern Based Identification of Allelic Variants, Human Mutation., 13:318-327.
• [53] Chéry, C.C., Moens, L., Cornelis, R., and Vanhaecke, F., (2006). Capabilities and Limitations of Gel Electrophoresis for Elemental Speciation: A laboratory’s experience. Pure Appl. Chem., 78:91–103.
• [54] Ugaz, V.M., Lin, R., Srivastava, N., and Burke, D.T., (2003). Burns M.A.A Versatile Microfabricated Platform for Electrophoresis of Double and Single Stranded DNA. Electrophoresis., 24:151-7.
• [55] Garrels, J.L., (1999). Electrophoresis System. US Patent 5882495.
• [56] Sun, W., (2010). General Procedures. In Molecular Diagnostics (pp:49-57). Academic Press.
• [57] Burgess, R.R. and Deutscher, M.P., (2009). Methods in Enzymology Guide to Protein Purification, 2nd.
• [58] Ahuja, S. and Scypinski, S., (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis (Vol:3). Academic Press.
• [59] Basım, E. And Basım, H., (2001). Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique and its Use in Molecular Biology. Turkish Journal of Biology, 25(4):405-418.
• [60] Pagaduan, J.V., Sahore, V., and Woolley, A.T., (2015). Applications of Microfluidics and Microchip Electrophoresis for Potential Clinical Biomarker Analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407(23):6911-6922.
• [61] Ahuja, S. and Scypinski, S., (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis (Vol:3). Academic Press.