DEBRIS-COVERED GLACIERS AND ROCK GLACIERS

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 32 - 45, 01.02.2010

Gürcan Gürgen Onur Çaliskan

Öz

The debris-covered glaciers are observed all over the glaciation regions of the world (Alps, Antarctica, Greenland, Ants, Cascades, Rocky Mountains and ext.). The debris covered glaciers are the formations which occur as a result of the recession of normal glaciers. The debris, which can be transported easily in glacier as englacial or supraglacial during glacier advance, has to deposit over the glacier as a supraglacial layer during the recession. Once a glacier covered with a debris layer which has an enough thickness, its mass balance, motion style, energy transportation, hydrological and biological characteristics change and differentiated from the normal glacier ice. The debris-covered glaciers generally can transform to a ice-cored rock glaciers at the last stage of their formation. Because of these characteristics, it is very difficult to define the debris-covered glaciers by the experience and the information which is acquired from the bare glacier ice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

GLACIATION, DEBRIS-COVERED GLACIER, ROCK GLACIER, ICE-CORED, ACTIVE THERMAL LAYER,

DÖKÜNTÜ ÖRTÜLÜ BUZULLAR ve KAYA BUZULLARI

Öz

Döküntü örtülü buzullar dünyanyn tüm buzulla?ma sahalarynda Alpler, Antarktika, Grönland, Ant Da?lary, Kaskatlar ve Kayalyk Da?lary, vb.) gözlenmektedir. Döküntü örtülü buzullar, normal buzullardaki gerilemenin sonucunda ortaya çykan olu?umlardyr. Buzul ilerlemesi syrasynda buzulun içinde ya da üstünde ta?ynan malzeme, gerileme syrasynda buzul üstünde depolanmaktadyr. Buzul bir kez yeterli kalynlyktaki döküntüyle örtüldü?ünde kütle dengesi, hareket tarzy, enerji transferi, biyolojik ve hidrolojik özellikleri de?i?mekte ve normal buzul buzundan farklyla?maktadyr. Döküntü örtülü buzullar son dönemlerinde genellikle buz çekirdekli kaya buzuluna dönü?mektedirler. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle, döküntü örtülü buzulu normal buzul buzundan elde edilen bilgi ve deneyimlerle açyklamak bir hayli zordur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BUZULLA?MA, DÖKÜNTÜ ÖRTÜLÜ BUZUL, KAYA BUZULU, BUZ ÇEKYRDE?Y, AKTYF TERMAL KATMAN,