BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING: PARTICIPATION OF PAKISTANI SIKHS ETHNIC GROUP IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 46 - 61, 30.04.2019
Pawan Singh Arora
,
Shema Bukhari
Öz
The glass ceiling is an intangible blockage that refrains certain action in a specified manner. The phenomenon is normally associated with women/vulnerable groups. This study aims to find out the process for Sikh youth in Pakistan, who made their way to higher education. The research evaluates the process that delayed the achievement. This qualitative study has collected the successful cases of breaking the glass ceiling; along with the situational analysis of their background. Data collection was based on interviews from Sikhs who went through the process personally. The findings reveal the actual reasoning and barriers for not pursuing or quitting education at a higher level. The subjects are interviewed in-depth about their actual dealings and experiences to the setup. The hindrances are not same for all but collectively it makes a glass ceiling that easily affects everyone living in this specific setup. Sikhs in Pakistan have
a limited number of graduates/professionals as compared to their population. This study by putting the factual situations on the front, also provide numerous solutions for government, educational institutions, and policymakers. The interviews are interpreted through a subjective assessment which aids the process of phenomenological study and authorizes information to be collected through the application of a range of strategies. Subjective exploration is inductive while interpretive data is more of illustrative and analyzed to the conically narrowed downing process up to the level of saturation. The semi-structured in-depth interview questions were being updated with time and need according to the analysis results of the responses.
Kaynakça
- • Aronson, J., (1995). A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis. A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis. The Qualitative Report, 2(1):1-3. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol2/iss1/3.
- • Berry, D.R., (1999). Collecting Data by In-Depth Interviewing. British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Sussex. Brighton: http://www.angelfire.com.
- • Britton, D.M. and Williams, C.L., (2000). Response to Baxter and Wright. Gender and Society, 14(6):804-808. http://www.jstor.org/stable/190375.
- • Boyatzis, R.E., (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information Thematic Analysis and Code Development. SAGE.
- • Bryman, A., (2001). Ethnography. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- • Bukhari, S., (2018) Identifying Ideology through Comparative Analysis of Pakistani and Indian Newspaper Headlines. International Journal of Intermedia; Istanbul 5(8):12-27.
- • Burns, R.B., (2000). Introduction to Research Methods. SAGE Publications.
- • Clarke, V. and Braun, V., (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77-101.
- • Cohen, L., Morrison, K., and Manion, L. (2007). Research Methods in Education. Routledge/Falmer.
- • Econ, C.J., (2012). Ontology and the Study of Social Reality: Emergence, Organization, Community, Power, Social Relations, Corporations, Artefacts and Money. 345-385.
- • Fereday, J. and Muir-Cochrane, E., (2006). Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods.
- • Hymowitz, C. and Schellhardt, T., (1986). The glass ceiling. The Wall Street Journal.
- • Jackson, J.F., O'Callaghan, E.M., and Leon, R.A., (2014). Measuring Glass Ceiling Effects in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges: New Directions for Institutional Research, John Wiley and Sons.
- • Lambert, C., McSherry, W., and Jomeen, J., (2010). Reflexivity: a Review of The Literature in The Context of Midwifery Research. Research and education: British Journal of Midwifery, 18(5):321-326.
- • Lyness, K.S. and Terrazas, J.M., (2006). Women in Management: An Update on Their Progress and Persistent Challenges. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2006, Volume 21.
- • Malterud, K., (2001). Qualitative Research: Standards, Challenges, And Guidelines. The Lancet, 358(9280):483–488.
- • Mason, J., (2002). Qualitative Researching. California: Sage publications, Inc.
- • Mutch, C., (2005). Doing Educational Research: A Practitioner's Guide to Getting Started. NZCER Press.
- • Neuman, W.L., (2000). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Allyn and Bacon.
- • Parahoo, K., (2014). Parahoo K, ed (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Processes And Issues. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan.
- • Pillow, W., (2003). Confession, Catharsis, or Cure? Rethinking the Uses of reflexivity as Methodological Power in Qualitative Research. International journal of qualitative studies in education, 175-196.
- • Redwood, R.A., (1995). The Environmental Scan: A Fact-Finding Report of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- • Robson, C., (2002). Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers. John Wiley and Sons Publishing Company.
- • Shah, M., (2006). Women Being the Most Neglected Agent in the South Asian Societies. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 4(1-2):81-85.
- • Tolich, M. and Davidson, . (2011). Getting Started: An Introduction to Research Methods. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited.
- • Yang, J., Schneller, C., and Roche, S. (2015). The Role of Higher Education in Promoting Lifelong Learning. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING: PARTICIPATION OF PAKISTANI SIKHS ETHNIC GROUP IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 46 - 61, 30.04.2019
Pawan Singh Arora
,
Shema Bukhari
Öz
The glass
ceiling is an intangible blockage that refrains
certain action in a specified manner. The phenomenon is normally associated
with women/vulnerable groups. This study aims
to find out the process for Sikh youth in Pakistan, who made their way to higher education. The research evaluates the
process that delayed the achievement. This qualitative study has collected the
successful cases of breaking the glass ceiling; along with the situational
analysis of their background. Data collection was based on interviews from Sikhs
who went through the process personally. The findings reveal the actual reasoning
and barriers for not pursuing or quitting education
at a higher level. The subjects are
interviewed in-depth about their actual dealings and experiences to the setup. The
hindrances are not same for all but collectively it makes a glass ceiling that
easily affects everyone living in this specific setup. Sikhs in Pakistan have a
limited number of graduates/professionals as compared to their population. This
study by putting the factual situations on the front,
also provide numerous solutions for government, educational institutions, and policymakers.
The interviews are interpreted through a subjective
assessment which aids the process of phenomenological study and authorizes information
to be collected through the application
of a range of strategies. Subjective exploration is inductive while
interpretive data is more of illustrative and analyzed to the conically
narrowed downing process up to the level of saturation. The semi-structured in-depth interview questions
were being updated with time and need according to the analysis results of the
responses.
Kaynakça
- • Aronson, J., (1995). A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis. A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis. The Qualitative Report, 2(1):1-3. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol2/iss1/3.
- • Berry, D.R., (1999). Collecting Data by In-Depth Interviewing. British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Sussex. Brighton: http://www.angelfire.com.
- • Britton, D.M. and Williams, C.L., (2000). Response to Baxter and Wright. Gender and Society, 14(6):804-808. http://www.jstor.org/stable/190375.
- • Boyatzis, R.E., (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information Thematic Analysis and Code Development. SAGE.
- • Bryman, A., (2001). Ethnography. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- • Bukhari, S., (2018) Identifying Ideology through Comparative Analysis of Pakistani and Indian Newspaper Headlines. International Journal of Intermedia; Istanbul 5(8):12-27.
- • Burns, R.B., (2000). Introduction to Research Methods. SAGE Publications.
- • Clarke, V. and Braun, V., (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2):77-101.
- • Cohen, L., Morrison, K., and Manion, L. (2007). Research Methods in Education. Routledge/Falmer.
- • Econ, C.J., (2012). Ontology and the Study of Social Reality: Emergence, Organization, Community, Power, Social Relations, Corporations, Artefacts and Money. 345-385.
- • Fereday, J. and Muir-Cochrane, E., (2006). Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods.
- • Hymowitz, C. and Schellhardt, T., (1986). The glass ceiling. The Wall Street Journal.
- • Jackson, J.F., O'Callaghan, E.M., and Leon, R.A., (2014). Measuring Glass Ceiling Effects in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges: New Directions for Institutional Research, John Wiley and Sons.
- • Lambert, C., McSherry, W., and Jomeen, J., (2010). Reflexivity: a Review of The Literature in The Context of Midwifery Research. Research and education: British Journal of Midwifery, 18(5):321-326.
- • Lyness, K.S. and Terrazas, J.M., (2006). Women in Management: An Update on Their Progress and Persistent Challenges. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2006, Volume 21.
- • Malterud, K., (2001). Qualitative Research: Standards, Challenges, And Guidelines. The Lancet, 358(9280):483–488.
- • Mason, J., (2002). Qualitative Researching. California: Sage publications, Inc.
- • Mutch, C., (2005). Doing Educational Research: A Practitioner's Guide to Getting Started. NZCER Press.
- • Neuman, W.L., (2000). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Allyn and Bacon.
- • Parahoo, K., (2014). Parahoo K, ed (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Processes And Issues. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan.
- • Pillow, W., (2003). Confession, Catharsis, or Cure? Rethinking the Uses of reflexivity as Methodological Power in Qualitative Research. International journal of qualitative studies in education, 175-196.
- • Redwood, R.A., (1995). The Environmental Scan: A Fact-Finding Report of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- • Robson, C., (2002). Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers. John Wiley and Sons Publishing Company.
- • Shah, M., (2006). Women Being the Most Neglected Agent in the South Asian Societies. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 4(1-2):81-85.
- • Tolich, M. and Davidson, . (2011). Getting Started: An Introduction to Research Methods. Pearson Education New Zealand Limited.
- • Yang, J., Schneller, C., and Roche, S. (2015). The Role of Higher Education in Promoting Lifelong Learning. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.