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The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 497 - 510, 26.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1475270

Öz

This study employs digital tools to visualize the intellectual network of Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac) and to compare it with established historical narratives. Rather than applying a specific method comprehensively, the study reveals the benefits and limitations of the first use of three different digital tools by comparing them with the literature. In the first chapter, where the text analysis method is applied, Gerbert's life until Reims is discussed to provide the background for this analysis. The application of Voyant Tools has enabled the visualization of words that frequently appear in Gerbert's published letters, thereby providing an overview of his world. In the second part, Map-This, an artificial intelligence (AI) visualization tool, was employed. This tool generates a contextual chart based on index data from Gerbert's letters and visualizes the relationships he established throughout his tenure in Reims. However, including terms in the visualization that are not found in the original source text is a drawback that should be considered. In the final section, a sociogram representing Gerbert's intellectual network was created using Flourish, a web-based visualization tool. The social network analysis method reveals Gerbert's information network through the recipients of his letters requesting books. The fact that his book requests focused on secular rather than theological issues shows that his intellectual environment differed from the typical papal context. This multi-tool and phased approach demonstrate the effectiveness of digital tools in examining historical networks, providing a basis for further studies.

Kaynakça

  • Primary Resources
  • Fulbert of Chartres. The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres. Edited by Frederick Behrends ve ing. çev. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
  • Pope Sylvester II. The Letters of Gerbert with His Papal Privileges as Sylvester II. Edited and translated by Harriet Pratt Lattin. Records of Civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.
  • Richer (of Saint-Rémy). Richeri Historiarum. Edited by Georg Heinrich Pertz and Georg Waitz. Vol. 4. Hannover: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1877.
  • Secondary Resources
  • Allen, Roland. ‘Gerbert, Pope Silvester II’. The English Historical Review 7, no. 28 (1892): 625–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/547412.
  • Clark, James Midgley. The Abbey of St. Gall as a Centre of Literature & Art. Cambridge: The University Press Cambridge, 1926.
  • Darlington, Oscar G. ‘Gerbert, the Teacher’. The American Historical Review 52, no. 3 (1947): 456–76.
  • DeMayo, Courtney. ‘The Students of Gerbert of Aurillac’s Cathedral School at Reims: An Intellectual Genealogy’. Medieval Prosopography 27 (2012): 97–117. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44946481.
  • Fazioli, K Patrick. ‘Modeling the Middle Ages: A Review of Historical Network Research on Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean World’. In Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages, edited by Michael J Kelly, 37–68. Punctum Books, 2023. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.3452822.5.
  • Flourish. ‘Intellectual Network of Gerbert’, 2024. https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/17757404/. Freudenhammer, Thomas. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac and the Transmission of Arabic Numerals to Europe’. Sudhoffs Archiv 105, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0001.
  • G.R. Evans. Fifty Key Medieval Thinkers. Routledge, 2002.
  • Kitchin, William P H. ‘A Pope-Philosopher of the Tenth Century: Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac)’. The Catholic Historical Review 8, no. 1 (1922): 42–54.
  • Lake, Justin. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac and the Study of Rhetoric in Tenth-Century Rheims’. The Journal of Medieval Latin 23 (11 March 2013): 49–85. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45019730.
  • Mann, Horace Kinder. Lives of Popes In the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 5. St. Louis: Herder, 1910.
  • Otisk, Marek. Arithmetic in the Thought of Gerbert of Aurillac. Edited by Marek Otisk. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3726/b19269.
  • ———. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester Ii) as a Clockmaker’. Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 42, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2020.477.
  • Padgett, John F, and Christopher K Ansell. ‘Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434’. American Journal of Sociology 98, no. 6 (21 April 1993): 1259–1319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781822.
  • Pekonen, Osmo. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac: Mathematician and Pope’. The Mathematical Intelligencer 22, no. 4 (19 September 2000): 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026774.
  • Sampsel, Laurie J. ‘Voyant Tools’. Music Reference Services Quarterly 21, no. 3 (3 July 2018): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588167.2018.1496754.
  • Sinclair, Stéfan, and Geoffrey Rockwell. ‘Voyant Tools’. Voyant Tools, 2024. https://voyant-tools.org/?lang=en&view=Cirrus&stopList=keywords-33bd7654ed3c4add4cc18757baaa0fd5&corpus=5702007a9934263ec3e70e15a9e4fae3.
  • Wang, Xumeng, Ziliang Wu, Wenqi Huang, Yating Wei, Zhaosong Huang, Mingliang Xu, and Wei Chen. ‘VIS+AI: Integrating Visualization with Artificial Intelligence for Efficient Data Analysis’. Frontiers of Computer Science 17, no. 6 (8 December 2023): 176709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-023-2691-y.

Tarih Araştırmalarında Dijital Araçların Rolü: Aurillac'lı Gerbert'in Entelektüel Ağı Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 497 - 510, 26.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1475270

Öz

Bu çalışma Papa II. Sylvester’ın (Aurillac'lı Gerbert) entelektüel ağını görselleştirmek ve bunu yerleşik tarihsel anlatılarla karşılaştırmak için dijital araçları kullanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, spesifik bir yöntemi kapsamlı bir şekilde uygulamak yerine, üç farklı dijital aracın ilk kullanımlarındaki faydaları ve sınırlılıkları literatürle karşılaştırarak ortaya koymaktadır. Metin analizi yönteminin uygulandığı ilk bölümde, bu analize arka plan sağlaması açısından Gerbert'in Reims'e kadar olan yaşamı ele alınmıştır. Voyant Tools aracılığıyla, Gerbert'in yayınlanmış mektuplarında sıkça geçen kelimeler görselleştirilmiş ve böylece onun dünyasına genel bir bakış sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde bir yapay zeka (YZ) görselleştirme aracı olan Map-This kullanılmıştır. Bu araç, Gerbert'in mektuplarındaki dizin verilerine dayanarak bağlamsal bir grafik oluşturmakta ve Reims'teki görev süresi boyunca kurduğu ilişkileri görselleştirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, orijinal kaynak metinde bulunmayan terimler görselleştirmeye dahil edilmesi dikkate alınması gereken bir dezavantajdır. Son bölümde, web tabanlı bir görselleştirme aracı olan Flourish kullanılarak onun entelektüel ağını temsil eden bir sosyogram oluşturulmuştur. Sosyal ağ analizi yöntemi Gerbert'in kitap talep eden mektuplarının alıcıları üzerinden onun bilgi edinme ağını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Kitap taleplerinin teolojik konulardan ziyade seküler alanlara odaklanması onun entelektüel çevresinin tipik papalık bağlamından ayrıştığını göstermektedir. Bu çok araçlı ve aşamalı yaklaşım dijital araçların tarihsel ağları incelemedeki etkinliğini göstererek, daha ileri çalışmalar için bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Primary Resources
  • Fulbert of Chartres. The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres. Edited by Frederick Behrends ve ing. çev. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
  • Pope Sylvester II. The Letters of Gerbert with His Papal Privileges as Sylvester II. Edited and translated by Harriet Pratt Lattin. Records of Civilization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.
  • Richer (of Saint-Rémy). Richeri Historiarum. Edited by Georg Heinrich Pertz and Georg Waitz. Vol. 4. Hannover: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1877.
  • Secondary Resources
  • Allen, Roland. ‘Gerbert, Pope Silvester II’. The English Historical Review 7, no. 28 (1892): 625–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/547412.
  • Clark, James Midgley. The Abbey of St. Gall as a Centre of Literature & Art. Cambridge: The University Press Cambridge, 1926.
  • Darlington, Oscar G. ‘Gerbert, the Teacher’. The American Historical Review 52, no. 3 (1947): 456–76.
  • DeMayo, Courtney. ‘The Students of Gerbert of Aurillac’s Cathedral School at Reims: An Intellectual Genealogy’. Medieval Prosopography 27 (2012): 97–117. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44946481.
  • Fazioli, K Patrick. ‘Modeling the Middle Ages: A Review of Historical Network Research on Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean World’. In Social and Intellectual Networking in the Early Middle Ages, edited by Michael J Kelly, 37–68. Punctum Books, 2023. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.3452822.5.
  • Flourish. ‘Intellectual Network of Gerbert’, 2024. https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/17757404/. Freudenhammer, Thomas. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac and the Transmission of Arabic Numerals to Europe’. Sudhoffs Archiv 105, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0001.
  • G.R. Evans. Fifty Key Medieval Thinkers. Routledge, 2002.
  • Kitchin, William P H. ‘A Pope-Philosopher of the Tenth Century: Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac)’. The Catholic Historical Review 8, no. 1 (1922): 42–54.
  • Lake, Justin. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac and the Study of Rhetoric in Tenth-Century Rheims’. The Journal of Medieval Latin 23 (11 March 2013): 49–85. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45019730.
  • Mann, Horace Kinder. Lives of Popes In the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 5. St. Louis: Herder, 1910.
  • Otisk, Marek. Arithmetic in the Thought of Gerbert of Aurillac. Edited by Marek Otisk. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3726/b19269.
  • ———. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester Ii) as a Clockmaker’. Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 42, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2020.477.
  • Padgett, John F, and Christopher K Ansell. ‘Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434’. American Journal of Sociology 98, no. 6 (21 April 1993): 1259–1319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781822.
  • Pekonen, Osmo. ‘Gerbert of Aurillac: Mathematician and Pope’. The Mathematical Intelligencer 22, no. 4 (19 September 2000): 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026774.
  • Sampsel, Laurie J. ‘Voyant Tools’. Music Reference Services Quarterly 21, no. 3 (3 July 2018): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588167.2018.1496754.
  • Sinclair, Stéfan, and Geoffrey Rockwell. ‘Voyant Tools’. Voyant Tools, 2024. https://voyant-tools.org/?lang=en&view=Cirrus&stopList=keywords-33bd7654ed3c4add4cc18757baaa0fd5&corpus=5702007a9934263ec3e70e15a9e4fae3.
  • Wang, Xumeng, Ziliang Wu, Wenqi Huang, Yating Wei, Zhaosong Huang, Mingliang Xu, and Wei Chen. ‘VIS+AI: Integrating Visualization with Artificial Intelligence for Efficient Data Analysis’. Frontiers of Computer Science 17, no. 6 (8 December 2023): 176709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-023-2691-y.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortaçağ Avrupa Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bedia Göktepe 0000-0002-4307-8380

Muhammed Nurullah Parlakoğlu 0000-0002-3301-9483

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Göktepe, B., & Parlakoğlu, M. N. (2024). The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 497-510. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1475270
AMA Göktepe B, Parlakoğlu MN. The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac. OAD. Aralık 2024;7(2):497-510. doi:10.48120/oad.1475270
Chicago Göktepe, Bedia, ve Muhammed Nurullah Parlakoğlu. “The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2024): 497-510. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1475270.
EndNote Göktepe B, Parlakoğlu MN (01 Aralık 2024) The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 2 497–510.
IEEE B. Göktepe ve M. N. Parlakoğlu, “The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac”, OAD, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 497–510, 2024, doi: 10.48120/oad.1475270.
ISNAD Göktepe, Bedia - Parlakoğlu, Muhammed Nurullah. “The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (Aralık 2024), 497-510. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1475270.
JAMA Göktepe B, Parlakoğlu MN. The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac. OAD. 2024;7:497–510.
MLA Göktepe, Bedia ve Muhammed Nurullah Parlakoğlu. “The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 497-10, doi:10.48120/oad.1475270.
Vancouver Göktepe B, Parlakoğlu MN. The Role of Digital Tools in Historical Research: A Study on the Intellectual Network of Gerbert of Aurillac. OAD. 2024;7(2):497-510.

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