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Çin'in Güney Kafkasya'daki “Borç Diplomasisi”nin Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 63 - 81, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12578874

Öz

Çin'in "Bir Kuşak, Bir Yol" devlet programı uzun bir süredir gelişmektedir. Son yıllarda Çin'in Güney Kafkasya ile artan işbirliği ölçeği, Pekin'i bölgede oldukça etkili bir güç haline getirmiştir. Bu son bölgesel gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, çalışma, Güney Kafkasya ülkelerinin Çin'in 'borç tuzağına' düşme olasılığını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Belirli bir alanda politikanın kullanımını kanıtlayan ana neden "yumuşak güç" kavramıdır, ancak gerçekte, sözde işbirliği, bir ülkenin belirli bir bölge üzerinde güç kazanma niyetiyle yabancı gelir akışıyla diğerlerine yardım ettiği bir durumu ifade eder. Dergilerden ve çeşitli bilimsel kaynaklardan gelen suçlamalar sadece Çin'de değil, aynı zamanda Batı Dünyasında da viral hale gelmiş, bu politikaya yönelik potansiyel eğilimleri göstermiştir.
Bu nedenle, Güney Kafkasya'nın Çin ile uluslararası ticaretindeki ciro miktarı, kamu borçları ve Çin'in bu bölgeye yaptığı yabancı yatırımlar karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Tüm bu değerlendirmelere dayanarak, çalışma, Kafkasya Devletleri'nin Çin ile ilişkilerinin gelişimini analiz ederek bu devletin niyetlerini ortaya çıkarmak için artan huzursuzluğun nedenlerini analiz etmektedir. Azerbaycan, Gürcistan ve Ermenistan'ın hem iyi hem de kötü yönleri titizlikle incelenecek ve Çin'in onları "Kuşak ve Yol" projesine dahil etmesinin nedeni belirlenecektir. Bu nedenle, bu devletler ile Çin arasındaki sözde işbirliğinin olası avantajları ortaya konulacaktır.
Çalışma, Çin'in borç diplomasisi perspektifinden bu bölgedeki ülkelerin karşılaştırmalı analizi açısından belirli bir eksikliğe katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, R. Q., Khan, M. S., & Shoaib, M. (2014). The changing dynamics of the foreign policy of China in contemporary time. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 45, 23-40.
  • Aliyev, N. (2020). China’s soft power in the South Caucasus. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies. https://cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13604-chinas-soft-power-in-the-south-caucasus.html
  • Arka. (2018). China is interested in Armenia-Iran railway link project. http://arka.am/en/news/business/china_is_interested_in_armenia_iran_railway_link_project/
  • Asbarez. (2023). China ready for closer ties with Armenia. https://anca.org/china-ready-for-closer-ties-with-armenia/
  • Avdaliani, E. (2023). What’s behind China’s strategic partnership with Georgia?. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/90394
  • Azernews. (2024). China exports smartphones increases. https://www.azernews.az/business/223895.html
  • Azərtac. (2023). “One belt, one road" is a project of great importance for the region. https://azertag.az/xeber/Bir_kemer_bir_yol_region_uchun_boyuk_ehemiyyet_dasiyan_layihedir-1266512
  • Azertac. (2019). President Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by Chinese Xinhua agency. https://azertag.az/en/xeber/President_Ilham_Aliyev_was_interviewed_by_Chinese_Xinhua_agency-1271220
  • Azertac. (2021). Azerbaijan-China relations in background of Azerbaijan’s oil and gas sector. https://azertag.az/en/xeber/azerbaijan_china_relations_in_background_of_azerbaijans_oil_and_gas_sector-1779183
  • Babayan, D. (2011). Some aspects of China’s policy in the Caucasus. Central Asian and the Caucasus, 12(1), 70-81.
  • Baghirov, O. (2019). Azerbaijan and China sign $800 million economic package: The geo-economic implications. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 16(78), 4-6.
  • Baniya, S., Rocha, N., & Ruta, M. (2019). Trade effects of the New Silk Road: A gravity analysis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (No. 8694).
  • Blomquist, K. (2022). In pursuit of (soft) power: Chinese artificial intelligence governance in an age of great power competition. Social Science of the Internet at the Oxford Internet Institute, 88. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0387253-cee7-43a4-b3fc-fa5ceb7fa42e
  • Işık, S. (2018). China’s growing presence in the Caucasus. Center for Eurasian Studies (AVIM). https://avim.org.tr/en/Yorum/CHINA-S-GROWING-PRESENCE-IN-THE-CAUCASUS
  • Canadian Pacific Consulting Services. (2019). Current conditions in the Trans-Caucasus transit corridor and gap analysis report. Working Paper.
  • Caucasuswatch. (2023). China and the look to the South Caucasus. https://caucasuswatch.de/en/insights/china-and-the-look-to-the-south-caucasus.html
  • Cheng, J. (2016). China's foreign policy: Challenges and prospects. Singapore: World Scientific.
  • Chey, J. (2022). The new motivation and dilemma of China's internal soft power in the age of noopolitik. In Z. Li (Ed.), Chinese soft power (pp. 201). London: Anthem Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108874700
  • Economy, E. (2018). The third revolution: Xi Jinping and the new Chinese state. Oxford University Press.
  • Ehsan, F. (2021). Assessment of China’s strategy in South Caucasus. https://jcep.ut.ac.ir/article_80086.html?lang=en
  • Emerson, M., Bilag, H., Nag, R. M., Starr, S. F., & Vinokurov, E. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: The perspective of China, Russia, the European Union, India and the United States of America. Emerging Markets Forum.
  • EPRC. (2021). How Uganda can avoid China debt trap. https://eprcug.org/eprc-highlights/how-uganda-can-avoid-china-debt-trap/
  • ERE Forms. (2023). Another meeting took place between Azexport and Alibaba portals. https://ereforms.gov.az/en/media/xeberler/azexport-ve-alibaba-portallari-arasinda-novbeti-gorus-bas-tutub-627
  • Eurasianet. (2022). Анализ вложений Китая в Южный Кавказ. https://russian.eurasianet.org/анализ-вложений-китая-в-южный-кавказ
  • Eurasinet. (2023). Strategic partnership between Georgia and China puzzles critics. https://eurasianet.org/strategic-partnership-between-georgia-and-china-puzzles-critics
  • Eurasia Daily Monitor. (2019). Azerbaijan and China sign $800 million economic package: The geo-economic implications. https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-and-china-sign-800-million-economic-package-the-geo-economic-implications/
  • Frankopan, P. (2015). The Silk Roads: A new history of the One Belt One Road and its strategic sense for countries located along OBOR. London: World Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Gilley, B. (2019). Deng Xiaoping and his successors (1976 to the present). In W. A. Joseph (Ed.), Politics in China: An introduction (3rd ed., pp. 124-126). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Guliyev, V. (2023). China’s soft power diplomacy in the South Caucasus. https://bakuresearchinstitute.org/en/chinas-soft-power-diplomacy-in-the-south-caucasus/
  • Habsi, H. (2021). Economic development vs debt trap: Is China's involvement in East Africa's economy a front to take over the region for strategic purposes? A case study of Tanzania. https://www.modul.ac.at/uploads/files/Theses/Bachelor/Undergrad_2021/BSC_2021/1821039_AL_HABSI_Hamed_Bachelor_Thesis.pdf
  • Helin, S. E. (2021). Karadeniz rekabetinde yeni küresel oyuncu: Çin. Fikirturu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politika/karadeniz-rekabetinde-yeni-kuresel-oyuncu-cin/
  • Huseynov, V. (2018). Use of soft power in tandem with economic expansion: Examining the case of Chinese soft power in South Caucasus. https://www.academia.edu/38335704/Use_of_Soft_Power_in_Tandem_with_Economic_Expansion_Examining_the_Case_of_Chinese_Soft_Power_in_South_Caucasus
  • IMF. (2023). Pakistan's debt to China. https://www.imf.org/en/Search#q=Pakistan&sort=relevancy
  • Interchopen. (2020). Belarus-China: Avoiding the “debt trap”. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/75896
  • Ischia, I. (2021). Çin'le iktisadi ilişkilerin perde arkası. Birikim. https://birikimdergisi.com/haftalik/10597/cin-le-iktisadi-iliskilerin-perde-arkasi
  • Jasmin, Sakib, N. H., & Foysan, J. S. (2023). Chinese soft power in Bangladesh: Debt trap or shared interests? The Journal of Indian and Asian Studies, 4(1).
  • Lakshminarayanan, R., & Yemperyan, T. (2023). Armenia India partnership: Geopolitical and geo-economic implications in the Eurasian context. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367558874_Armenia-India_partnership_geopolitical_and_geo-economic_implications_in_the_Eurasian_context
  • Leksyutina, Y., & Ekonomicheskaya, V. (2015). Diplomatiya Kitaya v XXI v. Far Eastern Studies, 2, 24−37. (in Russian).
  • Lianlei, B. (2016). Azerbaijan in the Silk Road Economic Belt: A Chinese perspective. Caucasus International, 6(1), 27-39. http://www.caspianpolicy.org/caspian-region-in-the-silk-road-economic-belt-sreb-a-chineseperspective/
  • Lingmin, K. (2019). Exploring China’s soft power: Manifestations of the Chinese Dream in contemporary practices of cultural diplomacy. PhD thesis, University of York Politics, 154.
  • Lu, P. (2015). Georgia and the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative: Relations, consequences and prospects. Rossiyskiy akademicheskiy zhurnal, 5, 75–83. (In Chinese).
  • Mehmood, H. (2019). Chinese soft power approaches towards Pakistan: An analysis of socio, economic and political impacts. Malaysian Journal of International Relations. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjir.vol6no1.5
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2004). Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing holds talks with Georgian Foreign Minister Salome Zurabishvili and meets with Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Askar Aytmatov. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3170_664312/3172_664316/200404/t20040428_555869.html
  • Mirzoyan, A. (2023). Strengthening relations with China “extremely important” for Armenia. https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1107144.html
  • Kamrava, M. (2017). The Great Game in West Asia. Oxford Scholarship Online, International Relations, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0012
  • Nye, J. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. PublicAffairs.
  • Sahakyan, M. (2021). Armenia and China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Lost opportunities and future prospects 2.0. https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/columns/eurasian-policy/armenia-and-china-s-belt-and-road-initiative-lost-opportunities-and-future-prospects-2-0/
  • Popkhadze, M. (2021). China’s growing influence in the South Caucasus. Foreign Policy Research Institute. https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/11/chinas-growing-influence-in-the-south-caucasus/
  • Phatak, D. (2018). China's global rebalancing: Will it reshape international political and economic order?. In B. Deepak (Ed.), China's global rebalancing and the New Silk Road (pp. 1-14). Singapore: Springer.
  • Press and Information Office of BSU. (2011). Confucius Institute has been opened at Baku State University. http://bsu.edu.az/en/news/confucius_institute_has_been_opened_at_baku_state_university/
  • Qafqazinfo. (2023). Azerbaijan's foreign debt was announced. https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/azerbaycanin-xarici-dovlet-borcu-aciqlandi-397615
  • Repnikova, M. (2022). Chinese soft power. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108874700
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The Analysis of China's “Debt Diplomacy” in the South Caucasus

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 63 - 81, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12578874

Öz

China's "One Belt, One Road" state program has been developing for a long period. The growing scale of Chinese cooperation with the South Caucasus in recent years has turned Beijing into a highly influential force in the region. Given these recent regional developments, the work is aimed to find out the probability of South Caucasus countries falling into China's 'debt trap'. The main reason proving the usage of politics in a certain area is the concept of "soft power", but in reality, so-called cooperation, under which a country assists others by an influx of foreign income with the hidden intention to gain power over a certain region. The accusations from journals and different scientific sources went viral not only in China but also in The Western World, showing potential inclinations toward this policy.
Thus, the amount of turnover in international trade of The South Caucasus with China, its public debts, and China's foreign investments in this region are comparatively examined. Based on all these evaluations, the work analyzes the reasons for the rising unrest in by analyzing the development of the Caucasian States' relationship with China to reveal the intentions of this state. Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia both the good and the bad which will be meticulously examined to determine the cause because of which China included them in the project "Belt and Road". Therefore, the possible advantages of the so-called cooperation between these states and China will be disclosed.
The study contributes to a certain shortage of comparison in terms of analysis of countries within this region from the perspective of China's debt diplomacy.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, R. Q., Khan, M. S., & Shoaib, M. (2014). The changing dynamics of the foreign policy of China in contemporary time. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 45, 23-40.
  • Aliyev, N. (2020). China’s soft power in the South Caucasus. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies. https://cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13604-chinas-soft-power-in-the-south-caucasus.html
  • Arka. (2018). China is interested in Armenia-Iran railway link project. http://arka.am/en/news/business/china_is_interested_in_armenia_iran_railway_link_project/
  • Asbarez. (2023). China ready for closer ties with Armenia. https://anca.org/china-ready-for-closer-ties-with-armenia/
  • Avdaliani, E. (2023). What’s behind China’s strategic partnership with Georgia?. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/90394
  • Azernews. (2024). China exports smartphones increases. https://www.azernews.az/business/223895.html
  • Azərtac. (2023). “One belt, one road" is a project of great importance for the region. https://azertag.az/xeber/Bir_kemer_bir_yol_region_uchun_boyuk_ehemiyyet_dasiyan_layihedir-1266512
  • Azertac. (2019). President Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by Chinese Xinhua agency. https://azertag.az/en/xeber/President_Ilham_Aliyev_was_interviewed_by_Chinese_Xinhua_agency-1271220
  • Azertac. (2021). Azerbaijan-China relations in background of Azerbaijan’s oil and gas sector. https://azertag.az/en/xeber/azerbaijan_china_relations_in_background_of_azerbaijans_oil_and_gas_sector-1779183
  • Babayan, D. (2011). Some aspects of China’s policy in the Caucasus. Central Asian and the Caucasus, 12(1), 70-81.
  • Baghirov, O. (2019). Azerbaijan and China sign $800 million economic package: The geo-economic implications. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 16(78), 4-6.
  • Baniya, S., Rocha, N., & Ruta, M. (2019). Trade effects of the New Silk Road: A gravity analysis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (No. 8694).
  • Blomquist, K. (2022). In pursuit of (soft) power: Chinese artificial intelligence governance in an age of great power competition. Social Science of the Internet at the Oxford Internet Institute, 88. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0387253-cee7-43a4-b3fc-fa5ceb7fa42e
  • Işık, S. (2018). China’s growing presence in the Caucasus. Center for Eurasian Studies (AVIM). https://avim.org.tr/en/Yorum/CHINA-S-GROWING-PRESENCE-IN-THE-CAUCASUS
  • Canadian Pacific Consulting Services. (2019). Current conditions in the Trans-Caucasus transit corridor and gap analysis report. Working Paper.
  • Caucasuswatch. (2023). China and the look to the South Caucasus. https://caucasuswatch.de/en/insights/china-and-the-look-to-the-south-caucasus.html
  • Cheng, J. (2016). China's foreign policy: Challenges and prospects. Singapore: World Scientific.
  • Chey, J. (2022). The new motivation and dilemma of China's internal soft power in the age of noopolitik. In Z. Li (Ed.), Chinese soft power (pp. 201). London: Anthem Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108874700
  • Economy, E. (2018). The third revolution: Xi Jinping and the new Chinese state. Oxford University Press.
  • Ehsan, F. (2021). Assessment of China’s strategy in South Caucasus. https://jcep.ut.ac.ir/article_80086.html?lang=en
  • Emerson, M., Bilag, H., Nag, R. M., Starr, S. F., & Vinokurov, E. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: The perspective of China, Russia, the European Union, India and the United States of America. Emerging Markets Forum.
  • EPRC. (2021). How Uganda can avoid China debt trap. https://eprcug.org/eprc-highlights/how-uganda-can-avoid-china-debt-trap/
  • ERE Forms. (2023). Another meeting took place between Azexport and Alibaba portals. https://ereforms.gov.az/en/media/xeberler/azexport-ve-alibaba-portallari-arasinda-novbeti-gorus-bas-tutub-627
  • Eurasianet. (2022). Анализ вложений Китая в Южный Кавказ. https://russian.eurasianet.org/анализ-вложений-китая-в-южный-кавказ
  • Eurasinet. (2023). Strategic partnership between Georgia and China puzzles critics. https://eurasianet.org/strategic-partnership-between-georgia-and-china-puzzles-critics
  • Eurasia Daily Monitor. (2019). Azerbaijan and China sign $800 million economic package: The geo-economic implications. https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-and-china-sign-800-million-economic-package-the-geo-economic-implications/
  • Frankopan, P. (2015). The Silk Roads: A new history of the One Belt One Road and its strategic sense for countries located along OBOR. London: World Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Gilley, B. (2019). Deng Xiaoping and his successors (1976 to the present). In W. A. Joseph (Ed.), Politics in China: An introduction (3rd ed., pp. 124-126). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Guliyev, V. (2023). China’s soft power diplomacy in the South Caucasus. https://bakuresearchinstitute.org/en/chinas-soft-power-diplomacy-in-the-south-caucasus/
  • Habsi, H. (2021). Economic development vs debt trap: Is China's involvement in East Africa's economy a front to take over the region for strategic purposes? A case study of Tanzania. https://www.modul.ac.at/uploads/files/Theses/Bachelor/Undergrad_2021/BSC_2021/1821039_AL_HABSI_Hamed_Bachelor_Thesis.pdf
  • Helin, S. E. (2021). Karadeniz rekabetinde yeni küresel oyuncu: Çin. Fikirturu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politika/karadeniz-rekabetinde-yeni-kuresel-oyuncu-cin/
  • Huseynov, V. (2018). Use of soft power in tandem with economic expansion: Examining the case of Chinese soft power in South Caucasus. https://www.academia.edu/38335704/Use_of_Soft_Power_in_Tandem_with_Economic_Expansion_Examining_the_Case_of_Chinese_Soft_Power_in_South_Caucasus
  • IMF. (2023). Pakistan's debt to China. https://www.imf.org/en/Search#q=Pakistan&sort=relevancy
  • Interchopen. (2020). Belarus-China: Avoiding the “debt trap”. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/75896
  • Ischia, I. (2021). Çin'le iktisadi ilişkilerin perde arkası. Birikim. https://birikimdergisi.com/haftalik/10597/cin-le-iktisadi-iliskilerin-perde-arkasi
  • Jasmin, Sakib, N. H., & Foysan, J. S. (2023). Chinese soft power in Bangladesh: Debt trap or shared interests? The Journal of Indian and Asian Studies, 4(1).
  • Lakshminarayanan, R., & Yemperyan, T. (2023). Armenia India partnership: Geopolitical and geo-economic implications in the Eurasian context. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367558874_Armenia-India_partnership_geopolitical_and_geo-economic_implications_in_the_Eurasian_context
  • Leksyutina, Y., & Ekonomicheskaya, V. (2015). Diplomatiya Kitaya v XXI v. Far Eastern Studies, 2, 24−37. (in Russian).
  • Lianlei, B. (2016). Azerbaijan in the Silk Road Economic Belt: A Chinese perspective. Caucasus International, 6(1), 27-39. http://www.caspianpolicy.org/caspian-region-in-the-silk-road-economic-belt-sreb-a-chineseperspective/
  • Lingmin, K. (2019). Exploring China’s soft power: Manifestations of the Chinese Dream in contemporary practices of cultural diplomacy. PhD thesis, University of York Politics, 154.
  • Lu, P. (2015). Georgia and the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative: Relations, consequences and prospects. Rossiyskiy akademicheskiy zhurnal, 5, 75–83. (In Chinese).
  • Mehmood, H. (2019). Chinese soft power approaches towards Pakistan: An analysis of socio, economic and political impacts. Malaysian Journal of International Relations. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjir.vol6no1.5
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2004). Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing holds talks with Georgian Foreign Minister Salome Zurabishvili and meets with Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Askar Aytmatov. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3170_664312/3172_664316/200404/t20040428_555869.html
  • Mirzoyan, A. (2023). Strengthening relations with China “extremely important” for Armenia. https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1107144.html
  • Kamrava, M. (2017). The Great Game in West Asia. Oxford Scholarship Online, International Relations, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0012
  • Nye, J. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. PublicAffairs.
  • Sahakyan, M. (2021). Armenia and China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Lost opportunities and future prospects 2.0. https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/columns/eurasian-policy/armenia-and-china-s-belt-and-road-initiative-lost-opportunities-and-future-prospects-2-0/
  • Popkhadze, M. (2021). China’s growing influence in the South Caucasus. Foreign Policy Research Institute. https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/11/chinas-growing-influence-in-the-south-caucasus/
  • Phatak, D. (2018). China's global rebalancing: Will it reshape international political and economic order?. In B. Deepak (Ed.), China's global rebalancing and the New Silk Road (pp. 1-14). Singapore: Springer.
  • Press and Information Office of BSU. (2011). Confucius Institute has been opened at Baku State University. http://bsu.edu.az/en/news/confucius_institute_has_been_opened_at_baku_state_university/
  • Qafqazinfo. (2023). Azerbaijan's foreign debt was announced. https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/azerbaycanin-xarici-dovlet-borcu-aciqlandi-397615
  • Repnikova, M. (2022). Chinese soft power. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108874700
  • Rolland, N. (2018). China’s ambitions in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus. Paris: Ifri.
  • Shahbazov, F. (2017). Baku-Beijing relations and China’s growing interest in the South Caucasus. Eurasia Daily Monitor, 14(51), 1-4.
  • Skiertandrzejuk, K. (2018). The new edition of the New Silk Road – the South Caucasus case. Polish Journal of Political Science, 4(2), 79-94.
  • State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Armenia. (2023). https://www.armstat.am
  • State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2023). https://www.stat.gov.az/source/trade/
  • State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Georgia. (2023). https://www.geostat.ge/en
  • Tasits, K. (2019). Razvitiye otnosheniy Kitaya s respublikami Yujnogo Kavkaza v kontekste initsiyativi “Poyas i Puty”. Problemi Natsiyonalnoy Strategiyii, 5(56), 80-96.
  • The World Bank. (2023). https://data.worldbank.org
  • Trend. (2017). Beijing-Yerevan military co-op jeopardizes Russia’s interests in South Caucasus. https://en.trend.az/scaucasus/armenia/2792990.html
  • TRT World. (2020). How China’s debt trap diplomacy works and what it means. https://www.trtworld.com/africa/how-china-s-debt-trap-diplomacy-works-and-what-it-means-32133
  • Were, A. (2018). Debt trap, Chinese loans and Africa’s development options. https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Policy-Insights-66.pdf
  • Zhang, Q. (2020). Analysis of the concept of China's foreign policy in the new era. Beijing: Chinese Intercontinental Press Publ. (In Chinese).
  • Yayloyan, I., Yayloyan, F., & Yayloyan, D. (2018). New economic corridors in the South Caucasus and the Chinese One Belt One Road. The Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV).
  • Zhil'tsov, S., Aleksanyan, L., Gavrilova, S., & Markova, E. (2019). Yuzhnyi Kavkaz vo vneshnei politike Kitaiskoi Narodnoi Respubliki. Central Asia and Caucasus, 22(3), 7−25.
  • Ögütçü, M. (2015). China in the South Caucasus: Not a critical partnership but still needed. In The South Caucasus: Between integration and fragmentation. European Policy Center.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sirus Asgarov 0000-0001-7007-5874

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Asgarov, S. (2024). The Analysis of China’s “Debt Diplomacy” in the South Caucasus. Orta Doğu Ve Orta Asya-Kafkaslar Araştırma Ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 4(1), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12578874

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