Çocukluk Çalışmalarında Yöntembilim: Çocuklarla Yapılan Araştırmaların Sosyolojik Potansiyelleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6, 51 - 70, 30.06.2025

Seran Demiral

Öz

Çocukluk çalışmalarını metodolojik açıdan değerlendiren bu makalenin öncelikli amacı, çocukluğun sosyoloji ve
antropoloji alanındaki niteliksel yöntemlerle araştırılmasının önemini vurgulamaktır. Sosyal bilimlerde yirminci
yüzyılın gündemini oluşturan ve kuramsal bilgiyle ampirik araştırmanın, teori ile pratiğin kesişiminden ortaya çıkan
bilimsel bilginin altını çizen yaklaşımlar düşünüldüğünde, görece yeni bir alan olan çocukluk sosyolojisinin niteliksel
araştırma yöntemlerine katkısı da bu yazının soruşturduğu konular arasındadır. Sosyal bilimlerin yapı, fail, aktör,
etkileşim, gündelik hayatın bilgisi gibi kavramları çerçevesinde, sahadan yükselen seslerden yola çıkarak araştırma
öznelerinin bilgisinin üretilmesi ilkesine dayanan bir bilim üretme anlayışının çocukluk çalışmaları açısından ele
alındığı bu çalışmada, dramaturji, fenomenoloji, etnografi gibi yöntemlerden örnekler vererek çocuklarla
gerçekleştirilen saha araştırmalarına dair genel bir izlek sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca, güncel bilimsel çalışmalarda git gide
yaygınlaşan katılımcı yaklaşımlar ve katılımcılarla birlikte bilgi üretimi anlayışlarında çocukluk çalışmalarının yol
göstericiliği tartışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yine çocukların kültürlerini araştıran araştırmacılardan örneklerle akran
kültürleri ve akran kültürlerinin bileşenlerinin, yeni sosyal bilim yaklaşımlarında kavramsal ve metodolojik olarak
taşıdığı potansiyeller gündeme getirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk sosyolojisi , niteliksel yöntemler , katılımcı araştırma , akran kültürleri.

Kaynakça

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