Traces and Effects of Biological Disasters In the World and in Turkey up to Covid-19
Öz
Methods: This study is a descriptive study aiming to reveal the history of biological disasters and contribute to the history of medicine. The data of the study were obtained from the literature review, the data of the World Health Organization and the statistical annuals of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Statistical evaluations were made in the computer environment. The number of infectious disease cases and deaths were obtained by scanning all sources in the literature and were corrected by confirming from official records. Obtained infectious disease data are presented by tabulating in groups.
Results: Biological disasters have deeply affected societies in terms of health, economic, environmental and psycho-social aspects since the earliest times of history. Epidemics have emerged as a result of unhealthy environments caused by people's lifestyles, deterioration of ecological balance, famines, natural disasters or many other reasons and have left important traces in the history of humanity by causing mass deaths. Major pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), bird flu, swine flu and Covid-19 have caused loss of lives and enormous economic damage. Epidemics are one of the types of disasters that affect the world and cause great destruction, mass deaths and population movements. It is possible to examine the epidemics in history under four headings. These are: Smallpox, Plague, Influenza and Cholera epidemics. Smallpox, which caused the most deaths throughout history, thankfully, has been eradicated from the world. Plague, which is the second biggest cause of death, has also been eliminated with treatment opportunities and preventive health services. However, influenza epidemics, which cause the third highest number of deaths, continue to have an intense effect today and seem to continue to cause the greatest biological disasters in the future. When the data of the Ministry of Health was analyzed, 3 epidemics that caused the most cases between 1956-2019 and still continue were tuberculosis, malaria and measles. However, the number of deaths from these ongoing epidemics is unknown.
Conclusion: It is an undeniable fact that epidemics in history can be experienced again in the globalizing world. For this reason, it is a very important fact for disaster management to know the history and details of epidemics, to learn the necessary lessons, and to prepare pandemic plans and solutions accordingly.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Turgut Şahinöz
0000-0001-8489-8978
Türkiye
Saime Şahinöz
Türkiye
Ümit Arslan
*
0000-0002-9781-3723
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi
8 Şubat 2022
Kabul Tarihi
14 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1