İyot Eksikliği

Öz

İyot eksikliği hem ülkemizde hem de dünya çapında önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İyot eksikliği ve sebeb olduğu sağlık sorunları Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu (UNICEF) vb sağlık ve yardım kuruluşlarının dahil olduğu geniş çaplı mücadeleye, farkındalık yaratmak için 21 Ekim, Küresel İyot Eksikliği Bozukluklarını Önleme Günü olarak kabul edilmesine, bu konuda faaliyetlerin yürütülmesine rağmen hala sık görülmektedir. Özellikle kırsal bölgeler olmak üzere dünya nüfusunun % 40’ında iyot eksikliği görülmektedir. İnfantlar, gebeler ve çocuklarda dahil olmak üzere tüm yaş gruplarındaki insanları etkilemektedir. İyot eksikliği ile mücadele devletlerin politikası haline gelmiştir. Bu konuda dünya çapında ve ülkemizde sofra tuzlarının iyotlanması kararı alınmış ve sofra tuzları iyotlanmıştır. Ülkemizde tüm sofra tuzlarının zorunlu olarak iyotlanması için gerekli yasal düzenlemeler Temmuz 1999'da tamamlanmış ve 2000'li yıllardan itibaren iyotlu tuz kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmıştır. Bu mücadeleler sonunda eski verilerle karşılaştırıldığında iyot eksikliği biraz azalmakla birlikte hala sıklığı fazladır. Bu derlemede iyot, iyot eksikliği nedenleri, görülme sıklığı, nasıl değerlendirildiği, sebeb olduğu sağlık sorunları, tedavisi ve mücadele konusundan bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İyot Eksikliği
• İyot
• Halk Sağlığı sorunu

Iodine Deficiency

Öz

Iodine deficiency is an important public health problem both in our country and around the world. Iodine deficiency and the health problems it causes, to the large-scale struggle involving health and aid organizations such as the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), to accept 21 October as the Global Day for the Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders to raise awareness, to carry out activities in this regard. however, it is still common. Iodine deficiency is seen in 40% of the world population, especially in rural areas. It affects people of all age groups, including infants, pregnant women and children. Fighting iodine deficiency has become the policy of states. In this regard, it has been decided to iodize table salt worldwide and in our country, and table salt has been iodized. In our country, the necessary legal regulations for the mandatory iodization of all table salt were completed in July 1999 and the use of iodized salt has been expanded since the 2000s. At the end of these struggles, iodine deficiency is slightly reduced compared to the old data, but its frequency is still high. In this review, iodine, the causes of iodine deficiency, its incidence, how it is evaluated, the health problems it causes, its treatment and struggle are mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hypothyroidism
• iodine
• deficiency
• goiter

Kaynakça

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