Makine öğrenimi yöntemleri ile kalp krizinin sınıflandırılması ve ilişkili risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi için bir model oluşturulması

Öz

Amaç: Kalp krizlerinde (KK) hayatta kalma oranlarının artması, erken müdahale ve tedaviye bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinden biri olan Stokastik Gradient Boosting (SGB) yöntemi kullanılarak KK ile ilişkili olabilecek faktörlerin tahmin edilmesi ve hangi faktörün daha etkili olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntemler: Araştırmada açık erişimli veri seti kullanıldı. Modellemede 5 katlı çapraz doğrulama yöntemi kullanılmış ve veri seti %80:%20 olacak şekilde eğitim ve test veri setlerine bölünmüştür. Model değerlendirmesi için doğruluk (ACC), dengeli doğruluk (b-ACC), duyarlılık (SE), özgüllük (SP), pozitif tahmin değeri (ppv), negatif tahmin değeri (npv) ve F1 skoru metrikleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Modelleme ile performans metriklerinden elde edilen sonuçlar ACC, b-ACC, SE, SP, ppv, npv, F1 puanı çin %98,9, %98,7, %99,4, %98,0, %98,8, %99 ve %99,1 olmuştur. Değişken önem değerlerine göre sırasıyla troponin ve CK-MB'nin KK ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç: Modelleme sonuçlarına göre kalp kriziyle ilişkili olabilecek faktörler makine öğrenmesi yöntemiyle yüksek doğrulukla belirlendi. Bu iki enzim sayesinde kalp krizi geçirme riski taşıyan bireylerde erken tanı yapılabilmekte, kötü gidişat ve ölümlerin önüne geçilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kalp krizi
• sınıflandırma
• makine öğrenmesi
• risk faktörü

Establishing a Model for the Classification of Heart Attack and Identification of Associated Risk Factors with Machine Learning Methods

Öz

Object: Increased survival rates in heart attacks (HAs) depend on early intervention and treatment. In this study, it is aimed to predict the factors that may be associated with HA and to determine which factor is more effective by using Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGB) method, one of the machine learning methods. Methods: An open access data set was used in the study. The 5-fold cross-validation method was used in modeling and the data set was divided into training and test data sets as 80%:20%. Accuracy (ACC), balanced accuracy (b-ACC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (ppv), negative predictive value (npv) and F1 score metrics were used for model evaluation. Results: The results obtained from the performance metrics with the modeling were 98.9%, 98.7%, 99.4%, 98.0%, 98.8%, 99%, and 99.1% for ACC, b-ACC, SE, SP, ppv, npv, and F1-score, respectively. According to variable importance values, troponin and CK-MB appear to be associated with HA, respectively. Conclusion: According to the modeling results, factors that may be associated with heart attack were determined with high accuracy by machine learning method. Thanks to these two enzymes, early diagnosis can be made in individuals at risk of having a heart attack, and poor prognosis and deaths can be prevented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heart attack
• classification
• machine learning
• risk factor

Kaynakça

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