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Reasons of visual disability: Cataract, the most important avoidable cause

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 1 - 7, 31.12.2021

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the causes of visual disability and the frequency of cataract.
Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. All patients who applied to the state hospital for a period of 5 years were included in the study. 1325 people whose visual disability was detected by scanning “disability reports” and based on clinical data were included in the study. These people were visited at their homes between 01 May 2015 - 31 December 2018 and field work was carried out. Chi square test was used for the statistical analyses.
Results: It was determined that 14.2% were blind and 85.8% had low vision. The first five causes of visual disability were cataract (31.7%), age-related macular degeneration (15.4%), genetic-hereditary causes (7.5%), refractive error (5.2%) and accidents (5.0%) respectively. It was determined that cataract is the most important cause of blindness (37.2%) and low vision (30.8%). Senile macular degeneration was found to be the second most common cause of blindness (13.8%) and low vision (15.7%).
Conclusion: It has been revealed that most of the causes of visual disability are preventable and treatable causes. In order to prevent or reduce visual disability, field scans and early diagnosis and treatment services have to be extended.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2014). “Disability and Health”, Fact sheet No: 352, Reviewed December; 2014. p. 25-34.
  • 2. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü ve Türkiye Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı (The State Institute of Statistics and Turkey Disability Administration). Türkiye Özürlüler Araştırması 2002 (Turkey Disability Survey 2002). Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası (State Institute of Statistics Printing House), Ankara; 2004. p. 16-42.
  • 3. Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli M.V, Das A, et al. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5(9), e888-e897.
  • 4. Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global Estimates of Visual Impairment: 2010. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 96(5):614-618.
  • 5. Abdull MM, Sivasubramaniam S, Murthy GV, Gilbert C, Abubakar T, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2009; 50(9):4114-4120.
  • 6. Klein R, Klein BE, Lee KE, Cruickshanks KJ and Gangnon RE. Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. American journal of ophthalmology 2006; 142(4), 539-549. 7. Nucci C, Cedrone C, Culasso F, Ricci F, Cesareo M, et al. Incidence of visual loss in the Ponza Eye Study, Italy. Eye 2005; 19 (2): 175-182.
  • 8. Hennis A, Wu SY, Nemesure B and Leske MC. Risk factors for incident cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities in the barbados eye studies. Archives of ophthalmology 2004; 122(4), 525-530.
  • 9. World Health Organization. Priority eye diseases. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index1.html; Access: 29.01.2020. p. 08-12.
  • 10. Maberley DAL, Hollands H, Chuo J, Tam G, Konkal J, et al. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada. Eye 2006; 20(3):341-346.
  • 11. Negrel AD, Minassian DC, Sayek F. Blindness and low vision in southeast Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiology 1996; 3(3): 127-134.
  • 12. Flaxman SR, Bourne RR, Resnikoff S, Ackland P, Braithwaite T, et al. on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5(12), e1221-e1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X (17)30393-5.
  • 13. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya’ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bulletin of the world health organization 2004; 82(11): 844–851.
  • 14. Bourne RR, Stevens GA, White RA, Smith JL, Flaxman SR, et al. on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group. (2013). Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis. The lancet global health 2013; 1(6), e339-e349.
  • 15. Leske MC, Wu SY, Nemesure B, Hennis A. Causes of visual loss and their risk factors: an incidence summary from the Barbados Eye Studies. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 2010; 27, 259-267.
  • 16. Congdon N, O'Colmain B, Klaver CC, Klein R, Muñoz B, et al. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology 2004; 122(4), 477-485.
  • 17. Bamashmus MA, Matlhaga B, & Dutton GN. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in the West of Scotland. Eye 2004; 18(3), 257-261.
  • 18. Ceyhan D, Yaşar T, Demirok A. Sağlık Kurulu Raporlarına Göre Van Bölgesinde Görme Özürlülük Nedenleri (According to Health Board Reports, Causes of Visual Impairment in Van Region). Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 42(2), 131-134.
  • 19. World Health Organization. World Report on Vision. Geneva, ISBN 978-92-4-151657-0; 2019. p. 11-43.
  • 20. Ughade S.N, Zodpey S.P, & Khanolkar V.A. Risk factors for cataract: a case control study. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 1998; 46.4: 221.
  • 21. Gupta V.B, Rajagopala M, & Ravishankar B. Etiopathogenesis of cataract: an appraisal. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2014;62(2): 103.

Görme engelliliği nedenleri: Katarakt, önlenebilir en önemli neden

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 1 - 7, 31.12.2021

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, görme engelliliğinin nedenlerini ve katarakt sıklığını belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışma bir retrospektif kohort çalışmadır. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Bu çalışmaya katılan tüm katılımcılardan yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır. Devlet hastanesine 5 yıl süreyle başvuran tüm hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya “engelli raporları” taranarak ve klinik verilere dayalı olarak görme engeli tespit edilen 1325 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Bu kişiler 01 Mayıs 2015 - 31 Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında evlerinde ziyaret edilerek saha çalışması yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde ki kare testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma grubuna dahil edilen 1325 görme engelli bireyin %51,3'ü erkek, %48,7'si kadındı. Görme engellilerin %48,4'ü 65 yaş ve üzerindeydi. Görme engellilerin %46,6'sının okuma yazma bilmediği, sadece %1,0'inin üniversite mezunu olduğu ve %90,5'inin herhangi bir işte çalışmadığı belirlenmiştir. %14,2'sinin görme engelli, %85,8'inin az görmekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Görme engelliliğinin ilk beş nedeni sırasıyla katarakt (%31,7), yaşa bağlı makuler dejenerasyon (%15,4), genetik-kalıtsal nedenler (%7,5), kırma kusurları (%5,2) ve kazalar (%5,0) idi. En önemli görme engellik (%37,2) ve az görme (%30,8) nedeninin katarakt olduğu belirlenmiştir. Senil makuler dejenerasyonun görme engellik (%13,8) ve az görmenin (%15,7) ikinci en yaygın nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Görme engelliliği nedenlerinin çoğunun önlenebilir ve tedavi edilebilir nedenler olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Görme engelliliğini önlemek veya azaltmak için saha taramaları ile erken teşhis ve tedavi hizmetlerinin yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. (2014). “Disability and Health”, Fact sheet No: 352, Reviewed December; 2014. p. 25-34.
  • 2. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü ve Türkiye Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı (The State Institute of Statistics and Turkey Disability Administration). Türkiye Özürlüler Araştırması 2002 (Turkey Disability Survey 2002). Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası (State Institute of Statistics Printing House), Ankara; 2004. p. 16-42.
  • 3. Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli M.V, Das A, et al. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5(9), e888-e897.
  • 4. Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global Estimates of Visual Impairment: 2010. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 96(5):614-618.
  • 5. Abdull MM, Sivasubramaniam S, Murthy GV, Gilbert C, Abubakar T, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2009; 50(9):4114-4120.
  • 6. Klein R, Klein BE, Lee KE, Cruickshanks KJ and Gangnon RE. Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. American journal of ophthalmology 2006; 142(4), 539-549. 7. Nucci C, Cedrone C, Culasso F, Ricci F, Cesareo M, et al. Incidence of visual loss in the Ponza Eye Study, Italy. Eye 2005; 19 (2): 175-182.
  • 8. Hennis A, Wu SY, Nemesure B and Leske MC. Risk factors for incident cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities in the barbados eye studies. Archives of ophthalmology 2004; 122(4), 525-530.
  • 9. World Health Organization. Priority eye diseases. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index1.html; Access: 29.01.2020. p. 08-12.
  • 10. Maberley DAL, Hollands H, Chuo J, Tam G, Konkal J, et al. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada. Eye 2006; 20(3):341-346.
  • 11. Negrel AD, Minassian DC, Sayek F. Blindness and low vision in southeast Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiology 1996; 3(3): 127-134.
  • 12. Flaxman SR, Bourne RR, Resnikoff S, Ackland P, Braithwaite T, et al. on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990–2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2017; 5(12), e1221-e1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X (17)30393-5.
  • 13. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya’ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bulletin of the world health organization 2004; 82(11): 844–851.
  • 14. Bourne RR, Stevens GA, White RA, Smith JL, Flaxman SR, et al. on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group. (2013). Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis. The lancet global health 2013; 1(6), e339-e349.
  • 15. Leske MC, Wu SY, Nemesure B, Hennis A. Causes of visual loss and their risk factors: an incidence summary from the Barbados Eye Studies. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 2010; 27, 259-267.
  • 16. Congdon N, O'Colmain B, Klaver CC, Klein R, Muñoz B, et al. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology 2004; 122(4), 477-485.
  • 17. Bamashmus MA, Matlhaga B, & Dutton GN. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in the West of Scotland. Eye 2004; 18(3), 257-261.
  • 18. Ceyhan D, Yaşar T, Demirok A. Sağlık Kurulu Raporlarına Göre Van Bölgesinde Görme Özürlülük Nedenleri (According to Health Board Reports, Causes of Visual Impairment in Van Region). Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology 2012; 42(2), 131-134.
  • 19. World Health Organization. World Report on Vision. Geneva, ISBN 978-92-4-151657-0; 2019. p. 11-43.
  • 20. Ughade S.N, Zodpey S.P, & Khanolkar V.A. Risk factors for cataract: a case control study. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 1998; 46.4: 221.
  • 21. Gupta V.B, Rajagopala M, & Ravishankar B. Etiopathogenesis of cataract: an appraisal. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2014;62(2): 103.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Orjinal makale
Yazarlar

Turgut Şahinöz 0000-0001-8489-8978

Nazli Hacıalioğlu 0000-0001-9758-0790

Saime Şahinöz 0000-0003-0915-9344

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Şahinöz T, Hacıalioğlu N, Şahinöz S. Reasons of visual disability: Cataract, the most important avoidable cause. ODU Tıp Derg. 2021;8(3):1-7.