Afet yönetiminde yerel yönetimlerin rolü: Manavgat ve Victoria orman yangınları üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, yerel yönetimlerin afet yönetimindeki işlevlerini karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle incelemektedir. Araştırmada Türkiye’de 2021 yılında meydana gelen Manavgat orman yangını ile Avustralya’nın 2019–2020 döneminde yaşadığı “Black Summer” yangınları ele alınmıştır. İklim değişikliği, hızlı kentleşme ve demografik baskılar afet risklerini artırırken, yerel yönetimlerin hem müdahale hem de iyileştirme süreçlerindeki kurumsal kapasiteleri giderek daha kritik bir konuma gelmektedir. Manavgat örneğinde belediyeler sınırlı imkânlarla hızlı yanıt verebilmiş, ancak kurumsal kapasite eksiklikleri ve merkezi yönetim ile koordinasyondaki sorunlar etkinliği azaltmıştır. Buna karşılık Victoria’da, afet öncesi hazırlık, tahliye planlaması, toplum katılımı ve uzun vadeli toparlanma süreçleri daha kapsamlı şekilde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulguları, farklı yönetişim modelleri ve yerel kapasite düzeylerinin afet yönetiminin başarısını doğrudan etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede, yerel yönetimlerin daha katılımcı, esnek ve sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlarla desteklenmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet Yönetimi
• Yerel Yönetimler
• Orman Yangını
• Manavgat
• Victoria.

The role of local governments in disaster management: A comparative analysis of the Manavgat and Victoria wildfires

Öz

This study examines the functions of local governments in disaster management from a comparative perspective. The study focuses on the Manavgat forest fire in Turkey in 2021 and Australia's “Black Summer” fires in 2019-2020. While climate change, rapid urbanization and demographic pressures increase disaster risks, the institutional capacities of local governments in both response and recovery processes are becoming increasingly critical. In the case of Manavgat, municipalities were able to respond quickly with limited resources, but lack of institutional capacity and problems in coordination with central government reduced effectiveness. In contrast, in Victoria, pre-disaster preparedness, evacuation planning, community engagement and long-term recovery processes were more comprehensive. The findings of the study reveal that different governance models and local capacity levels directly affect the success of disaster management. In this framework, it is concluded that local governments should be supported with more participatory, flexible and sustainable approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster Management
• Local Governments
• Forest Fire
• Manavgat
• Victoria.

Kaynakça

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