Lise Öğrencilerinde Sanal Zorbalık ve Problemli İnternet Kullanımı İlişkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı lise dönemindeki ergenlerin sanal zorba ve kurban olma davranışları ile problemli internet kullanımları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışma 2015-2016 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında Bolu’da bir Anadolu Lisesinde yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar 9. ve 10. sınıfta öğrenimine devam eden 310 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Sanal Zorba/Kurban Ölçeği ile İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde Non-parametrik tekniklerden Spearman-Brown İlişki katsayısı ile Mann Whitney-U testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda problemli internet kullanımı ile sanal zorba ve kurban olma arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında sanal zorba olma ile sanal mağdur olma arasında da anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca erkek ergenlerin kızlara kıyasla daha fazla sanal zorba ve mağdur olurken; problemli internet kullanımında cinsiyete göre bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ebeveynden habersiz sosyal medya aracına sahip olmanın sanal zorba ve kurban olma ile problemli internet kullanımı açısından daha fazla risk taşıdığı bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar ilgili literatür kapsamında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sanal Zorbalık,Problemli İnternet Kullanımı,Sosyal Medya,Ergen

The Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Cybeybullying among High School Students

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use and cyberbullying and cybervictim behaviours of adolescents. The study was conducted in an Anatolian High School in Bolu in the academic year of 2015-2016. Participants consisted of 310 9th and 10th grade students. Internet addiction scale and cyberbullying/cybervictim scale were used as the data collection ınstruments. Spearman-Brown Correlation Coefficient and  Mann Whitney-U tests which are nonparametric techniques, were used in the analysis of the data. The results of the study showed a significiant positive correlation between problematic internet use and cyberbullying/cybervictim behaviours of adolescent. Besides, ıt was found that a significiant relationship between being to cyberbully and victim, too. In addition, compared to girls, adolescent boys more cyberbully and cybervictim; but there was no gender differences in terms of problematic internet use. It was also found that having a social media tool without parent permission was more risky in term of problematic internet use and being cyberbully and victim. The results were discused within the literatüre.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cyberbullying,Problematic Internet Use; Social Media; Adolescent

Kaynakça

1. Adiele, I. ve Olatokun, W. (2014). Prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 100-110.
2. Ayas, T., ve Horzum, M. B. (2012). On being cyber bully and victim among primary school students. Elementary Education Online, 11(2), 369-380.
3. Barlett, C. P., ve Gentile, D. A. (2012). Attacking others online: The formation of cyberbullying in late
4. adolescence. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(2), 123.
5. Beranuy, M., Oberst, U., Carbonell, X. ve Chamarro. (2009). Problematic Internet and Mobile Phone Use and Clinical
6. Symptoms in College Students: The Role of Emotional Intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 1182
7. Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., ve Padilla, P. (2010). Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1128-1135.
8. Canan, F., Ataoglu, A., Nichols, L. A., Yildirim, T., ve Özturk, O. (2010). Evaluation of psychometric properties of the internet addiction scale in a sample of Turkish high school students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(3), 317-320.

9. Caplan, S. E. (2005). A social skill account of problematic Internet use. Journal of communication, 55(4), 721-736.
10. DiNicola, M.D. (2004). Patholojical Internet Use Among College Student: The Prevalance Pathological Internet Use ve Its Correlates. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ohio University The Faculty of The College of Education.
11. Doğan, U. (2016). Lise Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Ağ Siteleri Kullanımının Mutluluk, Psikolojik İyi-Oluş ve Yaşam Doyumlarına Etkisi: Facebook ve Twitter Örneği. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(183), 217-231.
12. Doğan, U., ve Çolak, T. S. (2016). Self-concealment, social network sites usage, social appearance anxiety, loneliness of high school students: A Model Testing. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(6), 176-183.
13. Doğan, U., ve Tosun, N. İ. (2016). Lise öğrencilerinde problemli akıllı telefon kullanımının sosyal kaygı ve sosyal ağların kullanımına aracılık etkisi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 99-128.
14. Esen, E., ve Siyez, D. M. (2011). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığını yordayan psiko-sosyal değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36).
15. Gámez-Guadix, M., Calvete, E., Orue, I., ve Las Hayas, C. (2015). Problematic Internet use and problematic alcohol use from the cognitive–behavioral model: A longitudinal study among adolescents. Addictive behaviors, 40, 109-114.
16. Gönül, A. S. (2002). Patalojik İnternet Kullanımı. Yeni Symposium Vol. 40, No. 3, ss. 105-110.
17. Griffiths, M. (2001). Sex on the Internet: Observations and implications for Internet sex addiction. Journal of sex research, 38(4), 333-342.
18. Gross, E. F. (2004). Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what teens report. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 633-649.
19. Hinduja, S., ve Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide.Archives of suicide research, 14(3), 206-221.
20. Huang, X. Q., Li, M. C. ve Tao, R. (2010). Treatment of internet addiction.Current psychiatry reports, 12(5), 462-470.
21. Jung, Y. E., Leventhal, B., Kim, Y. S., Park, T. W., Lee, S. H., Lee, M., ve Park, J. I. (2014). Cyberbullying, problematic internet use, and psychopathologic symptoms among Korean youth. Yonsei Medical Journal,55(3), 826-830.
22. Kowalski, R. M., ve Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of adolescent health, 41(6), S22-S30.
23. Kowalski, R. M., ve Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20.
24. Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., ve van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors.Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996.
25. Kuss, D. J., ve Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2016). Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6(1), 143-176.
26. Landstedt, E., ve Persson, S. (2014). Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health in young people. Scandinavian
27. journal of public health, 42(4), 393-399.
28. Leung, L. (2004). Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the internet as predictors of online
29. activities and internet addiction.CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 333-348.
30. Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T. ve Daciuk, J. (2012). Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully–victims. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 63-70.
31. Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., ve Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 602-611.
32. Mura, G., ve Diamantini, D. (2014). Cyberbullying among Colombian students: an exploratory investigation. European Journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 3(3), 249-256
33. Navarro, J. N., ve Jasinski, J. L. (2013). Why girls? Using routine activities theory to predict cyberbullying experiences between girls and boys. Women & Criminal Justice, 23(4), 286-303.
34. Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., ve Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of Internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European journal of psychology of education, 28(3), 725-745.
35. Ovejero, A., Yubero, S., Larrañaga, E. ve Moral, M. D. L. V. (2016). Cyberbullying: Definitions and Facts from a Psychosocial Perspective. InCyberbullying Across the Globe (pp. 1-31). Springer International Publishing.
36. Pallanti, S., Bernardi, S., ve Quercioli, L. (2006). The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire and the Internet Addiction Scale in the assessment of multiple addictions in a high-school population: prevalence and related disability. CNS Spectr, 11(12), 966-974.
37. Patchin, J. W., ve Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 4(2), 148-169.
38. Samaha, M., ve Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321-325.
39. Sasson, H., ve Mesch, G. (2014). Parental mediation, peer norms and risky online behavior among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 32-38.
40. Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Göbel, K., Scheithauer, H., Brighi, A., Guarini, A., Tsorbatzoudis, H., ... ve Casas, J. A. (2015). A comparison of classification approaches for cyberbullying and traditional bullying using data from six European countries. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 47-65.
41. Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Khosla, U. M., ve McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. Journal of affective disorders, 57(1), 267-272.
42. Stewart, D. M., ve Fritsch, E. J. (2011). School and law enforcement efforts to combat cyberbullying. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(2), 79-87.
43. Sticca, F., ve Perren, S. (2013). Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(5), 739-750.
44. Taş, İ. (2015). Psikolojik Belirtileri Azaltmaya Yönelik Psiko-Eğitim Programının Ergenlerde
45. İnternet Bağımlılığına Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
46. Tao, R., Huang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., ve Li, M. (2010). Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Addiction, 105(3), 556-564.
47. Türkoglu, S. (2013). Ergenlerin problemli internet kullanımları ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
48. Whang, L. S. M., Lee, S. ve Chang, G. (2003). Internet over-users' psychological profiles: a behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction.CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(2), 143-150.
49. Wartberg, L., Brunner, R., Kriston, L., Durkee, T., Parzer, P., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., ve Carli, V. (2016). Psychopathological factors associated with problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use in a sample of adolescents in Germany. Psychiatry Research, 240, 272-277.
50. Wong, D. S., Chan, H. C. O., ve Cheng, C. H. (2014). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Children and youth services review, 36, 133-140.
51. Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.