Engelliliğe Yönelik Mikro Saldırganlıklar: Toplumsal Bir İnşa Olarak Engelliliğin Sosyolojik ve Kuramsal Analizi

Öz

Bu makale, engelliliğe yönelik mikro saldırganlıkların eğitim, medya ve kamusal alanlarda nasıl üretildiğini ve toplumsal düzeyde nasıl yeniden üretildiğini sosyolojik bir perspektiften kapsamlı biçimde incelemektedir. Mikro saldırganlıklar, yalnızca bireysel nezaket sorunları değil; normallik ideolojisi, iktidar ilişkileri ve kültürel kabuller üzerinden işleyen sembolik tahakküm mekanizmalarının gündelik tezahürleri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Eğitim ortamlarında öğretmen ve akran söylemlerinde görülen “ilham verici”, “özel” veya “yardıma muhtaç” gibi dilsel kalıplar; medyada engelliliğin mağdur, pasif ya da olağanüstü kahraman figürleriyle temsili; kamusal alanda ise yardım kisvesi altında sunulan ayrımcı davranışlar, mikro saldırganlıkların sürekliliğini sağlamaktadır. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini Goffman’ın damgalama, Bourdieu’nun sembolik şiddet, Foucault’nun söylem ve iktidar analizleri ile Butler’ın tanınma ve kimlik performativitesi oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular, bu pratiklerin engelliliği “öteki” konumuna iterek toplumsal dışlanmayı ve eşitsizlikleri görünmez biçimde yeniden ürettiğini ve bireylerin katılımını kısıtladığını göstermektedir. Türkiye örnekleri bu dinamiklerin yerel bağlamlarda da doğrulandığını; mevcut literatürün psikolojik etkiler (kaygı, stres, benlik saygısı azalması) konusunda bulgular sunduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu nedenle, mikro saldırganlıkların fark edilmesi, kapsayıcı politikaların, eşitlikçi eğitim ve medya söylemlerinin geliştirilmesi açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Engellilik
• Mikro Saldırganlık
• Sembolik Şiddet
• Toplumsal Dışlanma
• Sosyolojik Analiz

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, insan veya hayvan katılımcılar üzerinde yapılan bir araştırma içermemektedir. Çalışma, doküman analizi ve literatür incelemesine dayandığı için etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Microaggressions Against Disability: A Sociological and Theoretical Analysis of Disability as a Social Construct

Öz

This article provides a comprehensive sociological analysis of how microaggressions toward disability are produced and reproduced across education, media, and public spaces. Microaggressions are conceptualized not merely as individual lapses in politeness but as everyday manifestations of symbolic domination mechanisms that operate through the ideology of normality, power relations, and cultural assumptions. In educational contexts, linguistic patterns such as referring to disabled students as “inspirational,” “special,” or “in need of help”; in the media, portrayals of disability as either passive, victimized, or extraordinarily heroic; and in public life, discriminatory behaviors masked as acts of kindness—all contribute to the persistence of microaggressions. The theoretical framework is grounded in Goffman’s concept of stigma, Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence, Foucault’s discourse-power analysis, and Butler’s theory of recognition and performativity. The findings indicate that these practices position disability as the “Other,” thereby invisibly reproducing social exclusion and structural inequalities while restricting participation. Evidence from Turkey confirms the local manifestation of these dynamics, while the literature highlights psychological consequences such as anxiety, stress, and diminished self-esteem. Consequently, recognizing microaggressions is crucial for the development of inclusive policies and the promotion of equality-based approaches in education, media representation, and public discourse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disability
• Microaggressions
• Symbolic Violence
• Social Exclusion
• Sociological Analysis

Etik Beyan

This article does not involve any research conducted on human or animal participants. The study is based on document analysis and literature review; therefore, it does not require ethical committee approval.

Kaynakça

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