SERBEST ZAMAN İLGİLENİMİ VE YAŞAM DOYUM İLİŞKİSİNDE ETKİNLİK DOYUMUNUN KISMİ ARACILIK ETKİSİ: REKREASYONEL KOŞUCULAR ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 55 - 74, 15.04.2022

İsmail Aydın

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.911751

Cited By: 5

Öz

Serbest zamanlarımızda katıldığımız etkinlikler sağlıklı yaşam tarzımızın önemli bir bileşenidir. Serbest zaman etkinlik seçiminin altında yatan sürecin keşfetme ve buna bağlı oluşan yaşam doyumunu belirlenme isteği son zamanlarda giderek artmaktadır. Bu sebeple, serbest zaman etkinliği olarak rekreasyonel koşuyu tercih eden kadın ya da erkeklerin koşuya yönelik duydukları ilginin yaşam
doyum düzeylerine ne yönde etki yaptığını, bu etkinin oluşmasında ise etkinlik doyumunun aracılık rolünün olup olmadığını belirlemek çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmuştur. Kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle tespit edilen 239 kişi üzerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, veri toplama aracı olarak Serbest Zaman İlgilenim Ölçeği (SZİÖ), Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği (YDÖ) ve Etkinlik Doyum Ölçeği (EDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için oluşturulan araştırma modeli Yapısal Eşitlik Modeliyle (YEM) değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, serbest zaman etkinliklerine duyulan ilginin rekreasyonel koşucuların yaşam doyum düzeyini artırdığı ve etkinlik sonucu oluşan doyumun modelde aracılık rolü etkisi yarattığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, oluşan bu etki düzeyinin cinsiyete göre farklılaştığı da tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, rekreasyonel koşu deneyimindeki kişisel anlam (ilgilenim) ve buna bağlı oluşan yaşam doyumunu kavrayabilmek için etkinlikten haz almanın belirleyici bir ölçüt olduğu söylenebilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etkinlik doyumu, ilgilenim, kısmi aracılık, serbest zaman, yaşam doyumu

PARTIAL MEDIATION EFFECT OF EVENT SATISFACTION IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE SATISFACTION AND LEISURE INVOLVEMENT: A SAMPLE OF RECREATIONAL RUNNERS

Öz

Participation in leisure activities is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. The desire to discover the underlying process of leisure activity selection and to determine life satisfaction resulting from this activity selection has been increasing recently. For this reason, the main purpose of the study was to determine how leisure involvement affects life satisfaction of male or female who prefer
recreational running as a leisure activity, and whether event satisfaction has a mediating role on this effect. In this study conducted with 239 participants, Modified Involvement Scale (MIS), Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) and Event Satisfaction Scale (ESS) were used as data collection tools. The research model created to examine the relationship between the scales was evaluated using the Structural Equation and event satisfaction had a mediating role in the model. In addition, it has been determined that this effect level varies according to gender. As a result, it may be said that event satisfaction is a criterion that determines in order to comprehend the personal relevance (involvement) in the recreational running experience and the life satisfaction resulting from this relevance. Model (SEM). As a result, it was determined that the leisure involvement had an effect on level of recreational runners’ life satisfaction and event satisfaction had a mediating role in the model. In addition, it has been determined that this effect level varies according to gender. As a result, it may be said that event satisfaction is a determinant criterion to comprehend the personal relevance (involvement) in the recreational running experience and the life satisfaction resulting from this relevance. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Event satisfaction, involvement, leisure, life satisfaction, partial mediation

Kaynakça

• Addis, M. ve Holbrook, M. B. (2001). On the conceptual link between mass customization and experiential consumption: An explosion of subjectivity. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1, 50–66.
• Akyıldız, M. (2013). Ciddi ve kayıtsız katılımcıların kişilik özellikleri ile boş zaman tatmini ve yaşam tatmini arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir.
• Allen, L. R. (1990). Benefits of leisure attributes to community satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 183-196.
• Association of International Marathons and Distance Races. (2015). World’s largest marathons. Retrieved from http:// aimsworldrunning.org/statistics/World’s_Largest_Marathons.html#201.
• Bagoien, T.E. ve Halvari, H. (2005). Autonomous motivation: involvement in physical activity, and perceived sport competence: structural and mediator models. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100(1), 3–21.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (Yirmibirinci baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Chen, Y. C., Li, R. H. ve Chen, S. H. (2011). Relationships among adolescents’ leisure motivation, leisure involvement, and leisure satisfaction: a structural equation model. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 1187–1199.
• Christopher, R. J., Carole, J. H., Susan R. E. ve Susan, D. H. (1998). Leisure programing: A service-centered and benefits approach (Third edition). Newyork, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Colley, A., Nash, J., O’Donnell, L. ve Restorick, L. (1987). Attitudes to the female sex role and sex-typing of physical activities. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 18(1), 19–29.
• Colton, J. W. (1995). The Benefits of Outdoor Recreation: Exploring The Benefits of Wilderness River Rafting. Master’s Thesis, University of Alberta Department of Geography Edmonton, Canada, 8-10.
• Decloe, M. D., Kaczynski, A. T. ve Havitz, M. E. (2009). Social participation, flow and situational involvement in recreational physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 73-90.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
• Driver, B. L. (1976). Quantification of outdoor recreationists’ preferences. In S.B. Vander and J. Myers (Eds.). Research: camping and environmental education. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, pp. 165-187.
• Driver, B. L., Bruns, D.H. (1999). Concepts and uses of the benefits approach to leisure. In E.L. Jackson and T.L. Burton (Eds.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the twenty-first century. State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc, (pp. 347-367).
• Ersoy, E. (2009). Cinsiyet kültürü içerisinde kadın ve erkek kimliği (Malatya örneği). Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 209-230.
• Filo, K., Funk, D. C., O’Brien, D. (2009). The meaning behind attachment: Exploring camaraderie, cause, and competency at a charity sport event. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 361– 387.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39.
• Funk, D. C., Jordan, J., Ridinger, L. ve Kaplanidou, K. (2011). Capacity of mass participant sport events for the development of activity commitment and future exercise intention. Leisure Sciences, 33, 250–268.
• Gonzalez, M., Coenders, G., Saez, M. ve Casas, F. (2009). Non-linearity, complexity and limited measurement in the relationship between satisfaction with specific life domains and satisfaction with life as a whole. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(3), 335–352.
• Gürbüz, B., Çimen, Z. ve Aydın, İ. (2018). Serbest zaman ilgilenim ölçeği: Türkçe formu geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(4), 256-265.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (Seventh edition). New Jersey: Pearson Prectice Hall.
• Hardin, M. ve Greer, J. D. (2009) The influence of gender-role socialization, media use and sports participation on perceptions of gender-appropriate sports. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 32(2), 207-226.
• Havitz, M. E. ve Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245–278.
• Havitz, M. ve Mannell, R. C. (2005). Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(2), 152-177.
• Haybron, D. M. (2001). Happiness and the importance of life satisfaction. University of Arizona Department of Philposophy, Arizona.
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76 (4), 408-420.
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. ve Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
• Howard, J. A. ve Sheth, J. N. (1969). The theory of buyer behavior. New York: Wiley.
• Hull, R. B. (1990). Mood as a product of leisure: causes and consequences. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 99-111.
• Kapferer, J. ve Laurent, G. (1985). Consumer involvement profiles: A new practical approach to consumer involvement. Journal of Advertising Research, 25, 48-56.
• Kim, S. S., Scott, D. ve Crompton, J. L. (1997). An exploration o f the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatching. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 320-341.
• Koopman-Boyden, P. G. ve Reid, S. L. (2009). Internet/e-mail usage and well-being among 65–84 year olds in New Zealand: Policy implications, Educational Gerontology, 35, 990–1007.
• Kyle, G. T., Absher, J., Norman, W., Hammitt, W. ve Jodice, L. (2007). A modified involvement scale. Leisure Studies, 26, 399-427.
• McIntyre, N. (1989). The personal meaning of participation: enduring involvement. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 167-179.
• Messner, M. A. ve Sabo, D. F. (1990). Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives. Chanpaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
• Metheny, E. (1967). Connotations of movement in sport and dance. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
• Moccia F. D. (2000). Planning Time: An Emergent European Pratice. European Planning Studies, 8 (3), 367-376.
• Mock, S. E., Misener, K. ve Havitz, M. E. (2019). A league of their own? A longitudinal study of ego involvement and participation behaviors in lgbt-focused community sport. Leisure Sciences, 1–18.
• Morris, E., Van Riper, C.J., Kyle, G.T., Wallen, K.E. ve Absher, J. (2017). Accounting for gender in a study of the motivation-involvement relationship. Leisure Sciences, 1–14.
• Murphy, N. M. ve Bauman, A. (2007). Mass sporting and physical activity events – Are they ‘bread and circuses’ or public health interventions to increase population levels of physical activity? Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 4, 193–202.
• Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
• Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D. ve Norman, W. C. (2001). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1), 41–48.
• Philipp, S. F. (1997) Race, gender, and leisure benefits. Leisure Sciences, 19(3), 191-207.
• Rice, R. W., Frone M. R. ve McFarlin D. B. (1992). Work-Nonwork conflict and the perceived quality of life. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 155-168.
• Ridinger, L. L., Funk, D. C., Jordan, J. S. ve Kaplanidou, K. (2012). Marathons for the masses: Exploring the role of negotiation-efficacy and involvement on running commitment. Journal of Leisure Research, 44, 155–178.
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
• Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104.
• Sato, M., Jordan, J.S. ve Funk, D.C. (2014). The role of physically active leisure for enhancing quality of life. Leisure Sciences, 36, 293–313.
• Sato, M., Yoshida, M., Wakayoshi, K. ve Shonk, D. (2016). Event satisfaction, leisure involvement and life satisfaction at a walking event: the mediating role of life domain satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 36(5), 1-13.
• Schimmack, U. ve Oishi, S. (2005). The influence of chronically and temporarily accessible information on life satisfaction judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 395–406.
• Shin, D. C. ve Johnson, D. M. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 5, 475-492.
• Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2006). Using multivariate statistics (Fifth edition). Newyork: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Telman N. ve P. Ünsal, (2004), Çalışan Memnuniyeti. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
• Theodorakis, N. D., Kiki Kaplanidou, K. ve Karabaxoglou, I. (2015). Effect of event service quality and satisfaction on happiness among runners of a recurring sport event. Leisure Sciences, 37, 87–107.
• Ulrich, R. S., Dimberg, U. ve Driver, B. L. (1990). Psychophysiological indicators of leisure consequences. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 154-166.
• Vatandaş, C. (2007). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rollerinin algılanışı. Sosyoloji Konferansları Dergisi, 35, 29-5.
• Veenhoven, R. (1996). Developments in satisfaction research. Social Indicators Research, 37, 1-46.
• Watson, J. B. (2008). Behaviorism. New York: Routledge Pub.
• Wearing, B. (1998). Leisure and Feminist Theory. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 25.
• WHOQOL Group. (1995). The world health organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the world health organization. Social Science & Medicine, 41(10), 1403-1409.
• Wiley, C.G.E., Shaw S.M. ve Havitz M.E. (2000). Men's and women's involvement in sports: an examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences: an Interdisciplinary Journal, 22(1), 19-31.
• Yetim Ü. (1992). Kişisel projeler açısından yaşam doyumu. Psikoloji Seminer Kitabı – Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayını, (9. Baskı), İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Yetim, Ü. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Yılmaz, V. ve İlhan Dalbudak, Z. (2018). Aracı değişken etkisinin incelenmesi: Yüksek hızlı tren işletmeciliği üzerine bir uygulama. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(2), 517-534.
• Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Masuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341–352.
• Zimmer, Z. ve Lin, H.S. (1996). Leisure activity and well-being among the elderly in Taiwan: Testing hypotheses in an Asian setting. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 11, 167-186.