AWARENESS LEVEL AND ATTITUDINAL RESPONSE OF HEALTH WORKERS TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Eze E. Ajaegbu; Blessing C. Nwaso; Adeniran J. Ikuesan; Juliana O Ndubuisi; Florence O. Nduka; Abdulrasheed M. Bello; Tunde A. Aduloju; Jane I. Ugochukwu; Ukachukwu C. Ezeh; Flora N. Ezugworie; Adaobi J. Dieke; Adaora L. Onuora; Juliet O. Nwigwe; Ijeoma O. Okolo; Ethel E. Adimora; Ese S. Izekor1; Nnyeneime U. Bassey

Araştırma Makalesi

AWARENESS LEVEL AND ATTITUDINAL RESPONSE OF HEALTH WORKERS TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 13 - 24, 10.11.2024

Eze E. Ajaegbu Blessing C. Nwaso Adeniran J. Ikuesan Juliana O Ndubuisi Florence O. Nduka Abdulrasheed M. Bello Tunde A. Aduloju Jane I. Ugochukwu Ukachukwu C. Ezeh Flora N. Ezugworie Adaobi J. Dieke Adaora L. Onuora Juliet O. Nwigwe Ijeoma O. Okolo Ethel E. Adimora Ese S. Izekor1 Nnyeneime U. Bassey

Öz

Background: Novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) and its resultant pandemic (COVID-19) seem increasingly ravaging on around the world.
Methods:This survey was carried out to assess the level of awareness and attitudinal response among health workers in Enugu metropolis of Nigeria as regards the Covid-19 pandemic. A simple two-part questionnaire was administered to health workers across an array of healthcare facilities (majorly hospitals and medical laboratories) within Enugu metropolis in Enugu state. The responses were processed and analyzed with the aid of Social Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results:A total number of 235 respondents were covered with 77 being male respondents and 150 being female respondents, while the remaining 8 respondents did not indicate their sex. For the first part of the questionnaire (the awareness/knowledge related aspect), the statistical analysis revealed that a higher percentage of the respondents responded correctly and affirmatively. Also for the second part of the questionnaire (the attitudinal aspect), the percentage of the respondents that responded correctly and affirmatively was higher.
Conclusion:The findings from this study revealed a sufficiently high level of awareness and positive attitude among health workers in Enugu as regards the novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) and the Covid-19 Pandemic

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-Cov2, Covid-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness

Kaynakça

1. S. J. Fong et al., Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak. SpringerBriefs in Computational Intelligence. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5936-5_1
2. Phelan, A.L., Katz, R., & Gostin, L.O. (2020). The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. Jama, 323(8), 709-710. https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1097
3. WHO. 9th July 2020. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Accssed: 22nd July, 2021. Published: 9th July, 2020. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions.
4. Jie Cui, Fang Li and Zheng-Li Shi. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 17 | MARCH 2019 | 181-192.
5. Mahendra Pal, Gemechu Berhanu, Chaltu Desalegn, and Venkataramana Kandi. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cureus Journal. 2020 Mar; 12(3): e7423
6. Zhixing Zhu, Xihua Lian, Xiaoshan Su, Weijing Wu, Giuseppe A. Marraro and Yiming Zeng. From SARS and MERS to COVID-19: a brief summary and comparison of severe acute respiratory infections caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Respiratory Research (2020) 21:224.
7. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Feb. 15, 2020. Human Coronavirus Types. Accessed: 22nd July, 2021. Published: Feb. 15, 2020. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html.
8. Muhammad AdnanShereenb, SulimanKhana, AbeerKazmic, Nadia Bashirb, Rabeea Siddiquea. COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research. Volume 24, July 2020, Pages 91-9
9. Ali S. Omrani, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, and Ziad A. Memish. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction. Pathog Glob Health Journal. December, 2015; 109(8): 354–362
10. Nathalie Chazal. Coronavirus, the King Who Wanted More Than a Crown: From Common to the Highly Pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, Is the Key in the Accessory Genes?. Front. Microbiol Journal. 14 July 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.682603
11. Christakis, N.A. (2020). Apollo’s Arrow. The profound and enduring impact of coronavirus on the way we live. Little, Brown & Company.
12. Simon James FongNilanjan DeyJyotismita Chaki .Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak pp 1-22| Chapter 1: An Introduction to COVID-19. Available: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-5936-5_1
13. Michael C. Jarvis. Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Physical Principles and Implications. Front. Public Health, 23 November 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.590041.
14. Centers for disease control and prevention National center for emergency and Zoonotics infectious diseases. Symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Accessed on 19th July, 2021. Available : https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
15. Kluge HNP. Statement e physical and mental health key to resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/ health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements/statement-physicaland- mental-health-key-to-resilience-during-covid-19-pandemic (accessed on 30th March, 2020).
16. WHO. 2020. “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected” Accessed: 7 July, 2021. Published on 13 March 2020. Availalble: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332196
17. Francesco Di Gennaro, Damiano Pizzol,* , Claudia Marotta, Mario Antunes, Vincenzo Racalbuto, Nicola Veronese and Lee Smith. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020, 17, 2690; doi:10.3390/ijerph17082690.
18. Muluneh Alene, Leltework Yismaw, Moges Agazhe Assemie, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Wodaje Gietaneh and Tilahun Yemanu Birhan. Serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases (2021) 21:257.
19. Wafa Dhouib, Jihen Maatoug, Imen Ayouni, Nawel Zammit, Rim Ghammem, Sihem Ben Fredj and Hassen Ghannem. The incubation period during the pandemic of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews (2021) 10:101 page 1-14.
20. Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Masrur Sleman Aziz, Ridha Hassan Hussein, Hemn Hassan Othman, Shirwan Hama Salih Omer, Eman Star Khalid, Nusayba Abdulrazaq Abdulrahman, Kawa Amin, Rasedee Abdullah. The transmission modes and sources of COVID-19: A systematic review. International Journal of Surgery Open 26 (2020) 125e136
21. Thompson RN. Novel Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: intense surveillance Is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations. J Clin Med 2020;9(2):498.
22. Ung COL. Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak. Res Soc Adm Pharm 2020;16(4):583e6.
23. Luigi Cirrincione, Fulvio Plescia, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Daniela Martorana, Raluca Emilia Moldovan, Kelly Theodoridou and Emanuele Cannizzaro. COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to Be Adopted at the Workplace. Journal of Sustainability. 2020, 12, 3603; doi:10.3390/su12093603
24. Cyranoski D. Did pangolins spread the China coronavirus to people? Nature. (2020). doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00364-2. [Epub ahead of print].
25. Ayman A. Swelum, Manal E. Shafi, Najah M. Albaqami, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Ahmed Elsify, Mohamed Abdo, Ayman E. Taha, Abdel-Moneim E. Abdel-Moneim, Naif A. Al-Gabri, Amer A. Almaiman, Abdullah Saleh Al-wajeeh, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Vito N. Staffa and Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. COVID-19 in Human, Animal, and Environment: A Review. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:578. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00578
26. WHO. (2020) Hand Hygiene For All. Accessed: 24 of July 2021. Published: 26 of June 2020. Available: https://www.unicef.org/reports/hand-hygiene-for-all-2020
27. Mainul Haque. Handwashing in averting infectious diseases: Relevance to COVID-19. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology. 12 July 2020Vol 27(SP1):e37–e52
28. Amnesty Internantional. (2020). A Fair Shot Ensuring Universal Access To Covid-19 Diagnostics, Treatments And Vaccines. Accessed: 24 July, 2021. Available: https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3034092020ENGLISH.PDF
29. United Nations office on drugs and crime. COVID-19 VACCINES AND CORRUPTION RISKS: PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE MANUFACTURE, ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINES. Accessed: 24 July, 2021. Available: https://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/COVID-19/Policy_paper_on_COVID-19_vaccines_and_corruption_risks.pdf
30. Roberta L. DeBiasi, MD; Kenneth L. Tyler, MD. Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Infections. ARCH NEUROL. OCT 1999, VOL 56.
31. Joseph Hadaya, Max Schumm, Edward H. Livingston. Testing Individuals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA May 19, 2020 Volume 323, Number 19. Published Online: April 1, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5388
32. World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation Report. Available online: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2 (accessed on 24 July 2021).
33. Natasha N. Pettit, Cynthia T. Nguyen, Alison K. Lew, Palak H. Bhagat, Allison Nelson, Gregory Olson, Jessica P. Ridgway, Mai T. Pho2 and Jade Pagkas-Bather. Reducing the use of empiric antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 on hospital admission. BMC Infectious Diseases (2021) 21:516
34. Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, et al. Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India:open label phase II multicentere randomized controlled trial (Placid Trial). BMJ 2020;371:m3939
35. Deng SQ1, Peng HJ.Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9(2), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020575.
36. Phan, T. Novel coronavirus: From discovery to clinical diagnostics. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2020, 79.
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39. National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. January 2020. National Guidelines for Infection Prevention And Control In Healthcare Facilities. Available: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/NationalGuidelinesforIPCinHCF-final.pdf
40. Ong MS (2010) Coiera E: safety through redundancy: a case study of in-hospital patient transfers. Quality & Safety in Health Care 19, e32.
41. Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Abayomi Akande, Mohammed Abdulaziz. Infection Prevention and Control during COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities from Healthcare Workers in a North Central State in Nigeria. Epidemiology and Infection. January 2021. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000017.
42. Substance abuse and mental health services administration. 2020. Double Jeopardy: COVID-19 and Behavioral Health Disparities for Black and Latino Communities in the U.S. (Submitted by OBHE). Accessed: 26 July 2021. Available: https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/covid19-behavioral-health-disparities-black-latino-communities.pdf
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AWARENESS LEVEL AND ATTITUDINAL RESPONSE OF HEALTH WORKERS TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 13 - 24, 10.11.2024

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-Cov2, Covid-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness

Kaynakça

1. S. J. Fong et al., Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak. SpringerBriefs in Computational Intelligence. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5936-5_1
2. Phelan, A.L., Katz, R., & Gostin, L.O. (2020). The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. Jama, 323(8), 709-710. https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1097
3. WHO. 9th July 2020. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Accssed: 22nd July, 2021. Published: 9th July, 2020. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions.
4. Jie Cui, Fang Li and Zheng-Li Shi. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 17 | MARCH 2019 | 181-192.
5. Mahendra Pal, Gemechu Berhanu, Chaltu Desalegn, and Venkataramana Kandi. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cureus Journal. 2020 Mar; 12(3): e7423
6. Zhixing Zhu, Xihua Lian, Xiaoshan Su, Weijing Wu, Giuseppe A. Marraro and Yiming Zeng. From SARS and MERS to COVID-19: a brief summary and comparison of severe acute respiratory infections caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Respiratory Research (2020) 21:224.
7. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Feb. 15, 2020. Human Coronavirus Types. Accessed: 22nd July, 2021. Published: Feb. 15, 2020. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html.
8. Muhammad AdnanShereenb, SulimanKhana, AbeerKazmic, Nadia Bashirb, Rabeea Siddiquea. COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research. Volume 24, July 2020, Pages 91-9
9. Ali S. Omrani, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, and Ziad A. Memish. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction. Pathog Glob Health Journal. December, 2015; 109(8): 354–362
10. Nathalie Chazal. Coronavirus, the King Who Wanted More Than a Crown: From Common to the Highly Pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, Is the Key in the Accessory Genes?. Front. Microbiol Journal. 14 July 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.682603
11. Christakis, N.A. (2020). Apollo’s Arrow. The profound and enduring impact of coronavirus on the way we live. Little, Brown & Company.
12. Simon James FongNilanjan DeyJyotismita Chaki .Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak pp 1-22| Chapter 1: An Introduction to COVID-19. Available: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-5936-5_1
13. Michael C. Jarvis. Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Physical Principles and Implications. Front. Public Health, 23 November 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.590041.
14. Centers for disease control and prevention National center for emergency and Zoonotics infectious diseases. Symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Accessed on 19th July, 2021. Available : https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
15. Kluge HNP. Statement e physical and mental health key to resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/ health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements/statement-physicaland- mental-health-key-to-resilience-during-covid-19-pandemic (accessed on 30th March, 2020).
16. WHO. 2020. “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected” Accessed: 7 July, 2021. Published on 13 March 2020. Availalble: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332196
17. Francesco Di Gennaro, Damiano Pizzol,* , Claudia Marotta, Mario Antunes, Vincenzo Racalbuto, Nicola Veronese and Lee Smith. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020, 17, 2690; doi:10.3390/ijerph17082690.
18. Muluneh Alene, Leltework Yismaw, Moges Agazhe Assemie, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Wodaje Gietaneh and Tilahun Yemanu Birhan. Serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases (2021) 21:257.
19. Wafa Dhouib, Jihen Maatoug, Imen Ayouni, Nawel Zammit, Rim Ghammem, Sihem Ben Fredj and Hassen Ghannem. The incubation period during the pandemic of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews (2021) 10:101 page 1-14.
20. Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Masrur Sleman Aziz, Ridha Hassan Hussein, Hemn Hassan Othman, Shirwan Hama Salih Omer, Eman Star Khalid, Nusayba Abdulrazaq Abdulrahman, Kawa Amin, Rasedee Abdullah. The transmission modes and sources of COVID-19: A systematic review. International Journal of Surgery Open 26 (2020) 125e136
21. Thompson RN. Novel Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: intense surveillance Is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations. J Clin Med 2020;9(2):498.
22. Ung COL. Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak. Res Soc Adm Pharm 2020;16(4):583e6.
23. Luigi Cirrincione, Fulvio Plescia, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Daniela Martorana, Raluca Emilia Moldovan, Kelly Theodoridou and Emanuele Cannizzaro. COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to Be Adopted at the Workplace. Journal of Sustainability. 2020, 12, 3603; doi:10.3390/su12093603
24. Cyranoski D. Did pangolins spread the China coronavirus to people? Nature. (2020). doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00364-2. [Epub ahead of print].
25. Ayman A. Swelum, Manal E. Shafi, Najah M. Albaqami, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Ahmed Elsify, Mohamed Abdo, Ayman E. Taha, Abdel-Moneim E. Abdel-Moneim, Naif A. Al-Gabri, Amer A. Almaiman, Abdullah Saleh Al-wajeeh, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Vito N. Staffa and Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack. COVID-19 in Human, Animal, and Environment: A Review. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:578. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00578
26. WHO. (2020) Hand Hygiene For All. Accessed: 24 of July 2021. Published: 26 of June 2020. Available: https://www.unicef.org/reports/hand-hygiene-for-all-2020
27. Mainul Haque. Handwashing in averting infectious diseases: Relevance to COVID-19. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology. 12 July 2020Vol 27(SP1):e37–e52
28. Amnesty Internantional. (2020). A Fair Shot Ensuring Universal Access To Covid-19 Diagnostics, Treatments And Vaccines. Accessed: 24 July, 2021. Available: https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL3034092020ENGLISH.PDF
29. United Nations office on drugs and crime. COVID-19 VACCINES AND CORRUPTION RISKS: PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE MANUFACTURE, ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINES. Accessed: 24 July, 2021. Available: https://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/COVID-19/Policy_paper_on_COVID-19_vaccines_and_corruption_risks.pdf
30. Roberta L. DeBiasi, MD; Kenneth L. Tyler, MD. Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Infections. ARCH NEUROL. OCT 1999, VOL 56.
31. Joseph Hadaya, Max Schumm, Edward H. Livingston. Testing Individuals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA May 19, 2020 Volume 323, Number 19. Published Online: April 1, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5388
32. World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation Report. Available online: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2 (accessed on 24 July 2021).
33. Natasha N. Pettit, Cynthia T. Nguyen, Alison K. Lew, Palak H. Bhagat, Allison Nelson, Gregory Olson, Jessica P. Ridgway, Mai T. Pho2 and Jade Pagkas-Bather. Reducing the use of empiric antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 on hospital admission. BMC Infectious Diseases (2021) 21:516
34. Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, et al. Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India:open label phase II multicentere randomized controlled trial (Placid Trial). BMJ 2020;371:m3939
35. Deng SQ1, Peng HJ.Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9(2), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020575.
36. Phan, T. Novel coronavirus: From discovery to clinical diagnostics. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2020, 79.
37. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 5th Edition. HHS Publication No. (CDC) 21-1112.
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html on April 27, 2021.
39. National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. January 2020. National Guidelines for Infection Prevention And Control In Healthcare Facilities. Available: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/NationalGuidelinesforIPCinHCF-final.pdf
40. Ong MS (2010) Coiera E: safety through redundancy: a case study of in-hospital patient transfers. Quality & Safety in Health Care 19, e32.
41. Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Abayomi Akande, Mohammed Abdulaziz. Infection Prevention and Control during COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities from Healthcare Workers in a North Central State in Nigeria. Epidemiology and Infection. January 2021. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000017.
42. Substance abuse and mental health services administration. 2020. Double Jeopardy: COVID-19 and Behavioral Health Disparities for Black and Latino Communities in the U.S. (Submitted by OBHE). Accessed: 26 July 2021. Available: https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/covid19-behavioral-health-disparities-black-latino-communities.pdf
43. UNITED NATIONS COORDINATED APPEAL. APRIL – DECEMBER 2020. GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN COVID-19. Accsesed: 26 July 2021. Available: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-humanitarian-response-plan-covid-19-april-december-2020-ghrp-july-update-enar
44. Elizabeth Uzoamaka Nwonwu, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Ituma Bernard Ituma. Knowledge and preventive practice to COVID-19 among household heads in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria. PAMJ - 37(63). 16 Sep 2020.
45. Bamba Gaye, Stéphanie Khoury, Crystal W. Cene, Samuel Kingue, Roland N’Guetta, Camille Lassale, Dadhi Baldé, Ibrahima Bara Diop, Jennifer Beam Dowd, Melinda C. Mills & Xavier Jouven. Socio-demographic and epidemiological consideration of Africa’s COVID-19 response: what is the possible pandemic course? Nature Medicine. 2020. volume 26, pages996–999. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0961-x.pdf
46. Marguerite Massinga Loembé, Akhona Tshangela, Stephanie J. Salyer, Jay K. Varma, Ahmed E. Ogwell Ouma & John N. Nkengasong. COVID-19 in Africa: the spread and response. Nature Medicine. 2020 volume 26, pages 999–1003. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0961-x
47. Wasiu Olalekan Adebimpe and Demilade Olusola Ibirongbe. Exploring the Knowledge and Preventive Practices on Isolation Precaution and Quarantine Among Health Care Workers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Annals of Global Health. 2019; 85(1): 72, 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2454
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49. Directirate of Health. 4 February 2020. Instructions for persons under quarantine related to 2019-nCoV Available: https://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item38866/Instructions%20for%20persons%20under%20quarantine%2028012020.pdf
50. Carl Otto Schell, Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Anna Hvarfner, Andreas Höög, Ulrika Baker, Markus Castegren and Tim Baker. The global need for essential emergency and critical care. Critical Care (2018) 22:284 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-2219-2
51. Gary Smith, Mick Nielsen. ABC of intensive care Criteria for admission. BMJ VOLUME 318 5 JUNE 1999. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115908/pdf/1544.pdf
52. Jason Phua, Li Weng, Lowell Ling, Moritoki Egi, Chae-Man Lim, Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia, Babu Raja Shrestha, Yaseen M Arabi, Jensen Ng, Charles D Gomersall, Masaji Nishimura, Younsuck Koh, Bin Du. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Thelancet.com/respiratory Vol 8 May 2020. Available: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2213-2600%2820%2930161-2
53. Mihalis Kritikos. European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS). April 2020. Ten technologies to fight coronavirus. Available: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2020/641543/EPRS_IDA(2020)641543_EN.pdf
54. WHO. 9 APRIL 2020. Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women. Available: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/policy-brief-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-women-en.pdf.
55. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario IPAC Recommendations for Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Care of Individuals with Suspect or Confirmed COVID‑19. 6th Revision: May 2021. Available from: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/B/2014/bp-hand-hygiene.pdf?la=en. 56. Min Liu, Shou-Zhen Cheng, Ke-Wei Xu, Yang Yang, Qing-Tang Zhu, Hui Zhang, Da-Ya Yang, Shu-Yuan Cheng, Han Xiao, Ji-Wen Wang, He-Rui Yao, Yu-Tian Cong, Yu-Qi Zhou, Sui Peng, Ming Kuang, Fan-Fan Hou, KK Cheng, Hai-Peng Xiao.Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study. BMJ 2020;369:m2195 | doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2195.
57. Jennifer Fong Ha. The COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment and respirator: A narrative review. International Journal of Clinical Practice · June 2020. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13578

Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Eze E. Ajaegbu Bu kişi benim Blessing C. Nwaso Bu kişi benim Adeniran J. Ikuesan Bu kişi benim Juliana O Ndubuisi Bu kişi benim Florence O. Nduka Bu kişi benim Abdulrasheed M. Bello Bu kişi benim Tunde A. Aduloju Bu kişi benim Jane I. Ugochukwu Bu kişi benim Ukachukwu C. Ezeh Bu kişi benim Flora N. Ezugworie Bu kişi benim Adaobi J. Dieke Bu kişi benim Adaora L. Onuora Bu kişi benim Juliet O. Nwigwe Bu kişi benim Ijeoma O. Okolo Bu kişi benim Ethel E. Adimora Bu kişi benim Ese S. Izekor1 Bu kişi benim Nnyeneime U. Bassey Bu kişi benim
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	3 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi	10 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	12 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi	15 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Ajaegbu EE, Nwaso BC, Ikuesan AJ, Ndubuisi JO, Nduka FO, Bello AM, Aduloju TA, Ugochukwu JI, Ezeh UC, Ezugworie FN, Dieke AJ, Onuora AL, Nwigwe JO, Okolo IO, Adimora EE, Izekor1 ES, Bassey NU. AWARENESS LEVEL AND ATTITUDINAL RESPONSE OF HEALTH WORKERS TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC. J One Health Res. 2024;2(3):13-24.

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