Nutritional Strategies in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Dietary Patterns and Supplementation

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 12 - 19, 01.03.2025

Kevser Karlı

Öz

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland and is common in women. The dietary habits of patients generally tend towards Western-type diets. Patients are generally malnourished regarding energy, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. In addition, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, anemia, and gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently observed in these patients. The occurrence of nutritional deficiencies in HT may exacerbate the disease. Therefore, appropriate nutritional therapy can help regulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and improve overall health. In these patients, nutritional therapy should be planned in line with their symptoms and other diseases, considering their eating habits, physical and social environment, and psychological status. Energy balance should be adjusted according to individual needs, especially foods containing healthy fats and high fiber, which should be preferred, and consumption of processed foods should be avoided. Micronutrient deficiencies should be eliminated; however, caution should be exercised about excessive use of dietary supplements in patients with HT, and dietary supplements should not be recommended if the patient does not have nutrient deficiencies or if adequate intake of nutrients can be achieved with nutritional therapy. Although there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that gluten- or lactose-free diets benefit these patients, dietitians may evaluate these diets in appropriate patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hashimoto, Dietary Patterns, Diet Supplements

Hashimoto Tiroiditinde Beslenme Stratejileri: Diyet Modelleri ve Takviye Uygulamaları

Öz

Hashimoto tiroiditi (HT) tiroid bezinin en sık görülen otoimmün hastalıklarından biridir ve kadınlarda yaygındır. Hastaların beslenme alışkanlıkları genellikle Batı tipi diyetlere eğilim göstermektedir. Hastalar genellikle enerji, omega-3 yağ asitleri, diyet lifi, vitaminler ve mineraller açısından yetersiz beslenmektedir. Ayrıca bu hastalarda obezite, diyabet, dislipidemi, anemi ve gastrointestinal semptomlar sıklıkla görülmektedir. HT’de beslenme yetersizliklerinin ortaya çıkması hastalığı şiddetlendirebilmektedir. Bu nedenle uygun bir beslenme tedavisi, bağışıklık sisteminin düzenlenmesine, inflamasyonun azaltılmasına ve genel sağlığın iyileştirilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu hastalarda yeme alışkanlıkları, fiziki ve sosyal çevresi ile psikolojik durumu dikkate alınarak, semptomları ve diğer hastalıkları doğrultusunda beslenme tedavisi planlanmalıdır. Enerji dengesi bireysel ihtiyaçlara göre ayarlanmalı, özellikle sağlıklı yağlar ve yüksek lif içeren besinler tercih edilmeli, işlenmiş besinlerin tüketiminden uzak durulmalıdır. Mikro besin ögesi eksiklikleri giderilmelidir ancak HT’li hastalarda diyet takviyelerinin aşırı kullanımı konusunda dikkatli olunmalı, hastada besin ögesi yetersizlikleri yoksa veya beslenme tedavisiyle besin ögelerinin yeterli alımı sağlanabiliyorsa diyet takviyeleri önerilmemelidir. Glutensiz veya laktozsuz diyetlerin bu hastalarda yarar sağladığına yönelik literatürde henüz kesin kanıtlar olmamakla birlikte diyetisyenler uygun hastalarda bu diyetleri değerlendirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hashimoto tiroiditi, diyet modelleri, diyet takviyeleri

Kaynakça

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