DENGUE VIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2025

Buse Türegün Atasoy , Semra Soydam , Gamze Varan , Mine Durusu Tanrıöver

Öz

Dengue virus (DENV), a growing public health issue throughout the world has caused over 6.5 million laboratory confirmed cases and more than 7,800 deaths globally in 2024. DENV, belonging to the Flaviviridae family, can manifest as mild dengue fever or more severe conditions like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Transmission is primarily through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with climate change accelerating the spread of these vectors. The virus has five serotypes, making vaccine development particularly challenging, as immunity to one serotype does not confer protection against others. Traditional vaccines, which target the immunogenic components of pathogens, have been difficult to develop for dengue due to the complex interaction of the immune system with DENV. One key concern is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which pre-existing antibodies can potentially exacerbate the disease when a person is infected with a different serotype later on. This complicates the development of safe and effective vaccines. With Türkiye now home to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, the risk of dengue becoming endemic is increasing, particularly in the context of climate change. To address this threat, a One Health approach is needed, focusing on mosquito control, active surveillance of both vectors and the disease, and the development of preventive strategies. Concurrently, research into safe, effective, and widely accessible vaccines and therapeutic agents must be prioritized to combat dengue effectively and reduce its impact on public health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dengue fever, dengue virus, vaccine, antibody-dependent enhancement

Kaynakça

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