Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Don’t Exaggerate the Problems! Why can’t Turkey and the European Union Divorce?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2827 - 2846, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.594136

Öz

This article explores
why the European Union and Turkey have preferred to maintain the accession
negotiations despite recent problems in their relations. It is argued that the
crucial political and economic interdependence between the partners prevents
them from ending stops them ending the accession negotiations. The European
Union’s dependence on Turkey stems from its policy of using Turkey as a barrier
between the problematic Middle East and the peaceful continent of Europe, the
key role of Turkish territories in the European Union’s energy diversification
policy, and the large Turkish market that attracts major companies from Germany
and France, the two driving forces for European Union integration. Turkey is dependent
on the European Union because it is the main source of Turkey’s modernization,
has a large share in Turkey’s foreign trade and foreign direct investments, and
benefits Turkey through the customs union. Terminating the accession
negotiations would put the gains of both parties at risk. 

Kaynakça

  • 2018 yılında en çok satan otomobil markaları. (2019, January 7). Sabah. Retrieved from https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/otomobil/2018-yilinda-en-cok-satan-otomobil-markalari
  • Aka, H. B. and Özkural, N. (2015). Turkey and the European Union: a review of Turkey’s readmission agreement. The European Legacy: Toward New Paradigms, 20(3), 255-272.
  • Almanya’nın Türkiye’deki Dış Temsilcilikleri. (n.d.) Türkiye’deki Alman yatırımları. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from https://tuerkei.diplo.de/tr-tr/themen/wirtschaft/-/1798700
  • Batır, K. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nin geri kabul antlaşmaları: Türkiye ile AB arasında imzalanan geri kabul antlaşması çerçevesinde hukuki bir değerlendirme. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(30), 585-604.
  • Becatoros, E. (2019). 3 years on, what’s become of the EU-Turkey migration deal? Fox News. March 20. Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.foxnews.com/world/3-years-on-whats-become-of-the-eu-turkey-migration-deal
  • Council of the European Union. (1993). European Council in Copenhagen 21-22 June 1993, conclusions of the presidency. Accessed on 1th of July 2019 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21225/72921.pdf
  • Council of the European Union. (2006). 2770th Council meeting- general affairs and external relations- general affairs. Press Release, Brussels, December 11, Accessed on 1th of July 2019 from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/PRES-06-352_EN.pdf
  • Erdoğan calls Dutch government ‘nazis’ after Turkish foreign minister’s plane prevented from landing in Netherlands. (2017, March 11). Independent. Accessed on 6th of May 2019 from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/netherlands-withdraw-permission-turkish-foreign-minister-mevlet-cavusoglu-plane-landing-rotterdam-a7624246.html
  • Erdoğan says Turkey may hold referendum on joining EU. (2016, November 13). Reuters. Accessed on 17th of January 2017 from https://www.rt.com/news/366850-erdogan-referendum-turkey-eu/
  • Eriş, Ö. Ü. (2016). Enerji politikası. B. Akçay and İ. Göçmen (eds.), Avrupa Birliği: Tarihçe, Teoriler, Kurumlar ve Politikalar, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • EU chiefs wade into row after Turkey says Dutch are fascists. (2017, March 15). Daily Express. Accessed on 6th of May 2017 from http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/779663/Turkey-Netherlands-row-European-Union-Dutch-fascist-Donald-Tusk-Jean-Claude-Juncker
  • European Commission. (2014). European energy security strategy. Brussels, COM(2014) 330 final, May 5, Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.eesc.europa.eu/resources/docs/european-energy-security-strategy.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018). EU imports of energy products- recent developments. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/46126.pdf
  • European Commission. (2019). Top trading partners 2018 – trade statistics. March 18, Accessed on 3th of July 2019 from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_122530.pdf
  • European Commission. (n.d.). Energy security strategy. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/energy-security-strategy
  • European Council. (2016). EU-Turkey statement, 18 March 2016. Press Release, March 18, Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/
  • Girardi, A. (2018). Growing dependent on Russia: the gas routes in Europe. Forbes. December 12, Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/annalisagirardi/2018/12/12/growing-dependent-on-russia-the-gas-routes-in-europe/#6cea989462b0
  • Kirişçi, K. and Ekim, S. (2015). Why an EU-Turkey customs union upgrade is good for Turkey. The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Analysis, 29 May, 1th of July 2019 from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Kirisci_Ekim_CustomsUnion_May15%20(1).pdf
  • Merkel vows support to Turkey’s economy. (2018, September 6). Hürriyet Daily News. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/merkel-vows-support-to-turkeys-economy-136545
  • Merkel: Türkiye ile müzakereler ucu açık sürdürülüyor. (2019, May 16). DW Türkçe. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from https://www.dw.com/tr/merkel-t%C3%BCrkiye-ile-m%C3%BCzakereler-ucu-a%C3%A7%C4%B1k-s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BCl%C3%BCyor/a-48759561
  • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey. (n.d.). Natural gas pipelines and projects. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Natural-Gas-Pipelines-and-Projects
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. (n.d.). Turkey’s energy profile and strategy. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa
  • Oyak Renault. (n.d.). Oyak Renault. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://www.renault.com.tr/renault-kesfet/renault-turkiye/oyak-renault.html
  • Tagliapietra, S. (2018). A new strategy for EU-Turkey energy cooperation. Turkish Policy Quarterly, Fall 2018.
  • TANAP. (n.d.). Groundbreaking at the silk road of energy. Accessed on 20th of June 2019 from https://www.tanap.com/media/press-releases/groundbreaking-at-the-silk-road-of-energy/
  • Trump threatens Merkel with pipeline sanctions, U.S. troop cut. (2019, June 12). Bloomberg. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/trump-says-he-s-considering-sanctions-to-stop-nord-stream-2
  • Turkish citizens’ support for EU membership on the rise: poll. (2018, January 9). Hürriyet Daily News. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-citizens-support-for-eu-membership-on-the-rise-poll-125402
  • Türk- Fransız Ticaret Derneği. (n.d.). Türkiye’de Fransa: Türkiye’de Fransız yatırımları, ticaret dengesi, istihdam ve şirketlerin rekabet gücü. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://www.ccift.com/tr/dernegimiz/tuerkiyede-fransa.html
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (n.d.). Uluslararası doğrudan yatırım istatistikleri. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://tuys.sanayi.gov.tr/page.html?sayfaId=3a3ab24a-23dc-4c01-a5b3-b22912de0c8eandlang=tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019a). Ülkelere göre yıllık ithalat (en çok ithalat yapılan 20 ülke). Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019b). Ülke gruplarına göre yıllık ihracat. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
  • Türkiye sözünü tuttu düzensiz göç büyük oranda durdu. (2017, March 21). Anadolu Ajansı. Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/-turkiye-sozunu-tuttu-duzensiz-goc-buyuk-oranda-durdu/776220
  • Türkiye’ye doğrudan yatırımı en fazla azalan ülke İspanya. (2019, February 15). Haber Türk. Accessed on 17th of June 2019 from https://www.haberturk.com/turkiye-ye-yatirim-artisinda-liderlik-italya-nin-2374360-ekonomi
  • World’s Top Exports. (2019, February 26). Germany’s top trading partner. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.worldstopexports.com/germanys-top-import-partners/
  • World’s Top Exports. (2019, May 29). France’s top trading partners. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.worldstopexports.com/frances-top-import-partners/
  • Yıldız, U. B. (2018). The impact of the rise of far-right parties in Europe on Turkey’s European Union membership bid. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi,1(1), 86-100.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2009). Modernleşen Türkiye’nin tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.

Sorunları Abartmayın! Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Neden Boşanamaz?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19, 2827 - 2846, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.594136

Öz

Bu makale ilişkilerde yaşanan sorunlara rağmen
neden Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’nin katılım müzakerelerini sürdürmeyi tercih
ettiğini açıklamaktadır. Ortaklar arasındaki çok önemli siyasi ve ekonomik
karşılıklı bağımlılığın katılım müzakerelerini sona erdirmeyi engellediği iddia
edilmektedir. AB’nin Türkiye’ye olan bağımlılığı Türkiye’yi sorunlu Orta Doğu
ve barış kıtası Avrupa arasında bir bariyer olarak kullanma politikasından,
Türk topraklarının Avrupa Birliği’nin enerji çeşitlendirme politikasındaki
kilit öneminden ve Avrupa Birliği bütünleşmesinin iki itici gücü olan Almanya
ve Fransa’nın önemli firmalarının büyük Türkiye pazarına olan ilgisinden
kaynaklanmaktadır. Türkiye ise Avrupa Birliği’ne modernleşmesinin temel kaynağı
olmasından, dış ticareti ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardaki büyük payından ve
gümrük birliğinin getirilerinden dolayı bağımlıdır. Katılım müzakerelerini sona
erdirmek tarafların tüm bu kazanımlarını riske atacaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • 2018 yılında en çok satan otomobil markaları. (2019, January 7). Sabah. Retrieved from https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/otomobil/2018-yilinda-en-cok-satan-otomobil-markalari
  • Aka, H. B. and Özkural, N. (2015). Turkey and the European Union: a review of Turkey’s readmission agreement. The European Legacy: Toward New Paradigms, 20(3), 255-272.
  • Almanya’nın Türkiye’deki Dış Temsilcilikleri. (n.d.) Türkiye’deki Alman yatırımları. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from https://tuerkei.diplo.de/tr-tr/themen/wirtschaft/-/1798700
  • Batır, K. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nin geri kabul antlaşmaları: Türkiye ile AB arasında imzalanan geri kabul antlaşması çerçevesinde hukuki bir değerlendirme. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(30), 585-604.
  • Becatoros, E. (2019). 3 years on, what’s become of the EU-Turkey migration deal? Fox News. March 20. Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.foxnews.com/world/3-years-on-whats-become-of-the-eu-turkey-migration-deal
  • Council of the European Union. (1993). European Council in Copenhagen 21-22 June 1993, conclusions of the presidency. Accessed on 1th of July 2019 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21225/72921.pdf
  • Council of the European Union. (2006). 2770th Council meeting- general affairs and external relations- general affairs. Press Release, Brussels, December 11, Accessed on 1th of July 2019 from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/PRES-06-352_EN.pdf
  • Erdoğan calls Dutch government ‘nazis’ after Turkish foreign minister’s plane prevented from landing in Netherlands. (2017, March 11). Independent. Accessed on 6th of May 2019 from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/netherlands-withdraw-permission-turkish-foreign-minister-mevlet-cavusoglu-plane-landing-rotterdam-a7624246.html
  • Erdoğan says Turkey may hold referendum on joining EU. (2016, November 13). Reuters. Accessed on 17th of January 2017 from https://www.rt.com/news/366850-erdogan-referendum-turkey-eu/
  • Eriş, Ö. Ü. (2016). Enerji politikası. B. Akçay and İ. Göçmen (eds.), Avrupa Birliği: Tarihçe, Teoriler, Kurumlar ve Politikalar, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • EU chiefs wade into row after Turkey says Dutch are fascists. (2017, March 15). Daily Express. Accessed on 6th of May 2017 from http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/779663/Turkey-Netherlands-row-European-Union-Dutch-fascist-Donald-Tusk-Jean-Claude-Juncker
  • European Commission. (2014). European energy security strategy. Brussels, COM(2014) 330 final, May 5, Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.eesc.europa.eu/resources/docs/european-energy-security-strategy.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018). EU imports of energy products- recent developments. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/46126.pdf
  • European Commission. (2019). Top trading partners 2018 – trade statistics. March 18, Accessed on 3th of July 2019 from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_122530.pdf
  • European Commission. (n.d.). Energy security strategy. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/energy-security-strategy
  • European Council. (2016). EU-Turkey statement, 18 March 2016. Press Release, March 18, Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/
  • Girardi, A. (2018). Growing dependent on Russia: the gas routes in Europe. Forbes. December 12, Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/annalisagirardi/2018/12/12/growing-dependent-on-russia-the-gas-routes-in-europe/#6cea989462b0
  • Kirişçi, K. and Ekim, S. (2015). Why an EU-Turkey customs union upgrade is good for Turkey. The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Analysis, 29 May, 1th of July 2019 from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Kirisci_Ekim_CustomsUnion_May15%20(1).pdf
  • Merkel vows support to Turkey’s economy. (2018, September 6). Hürriyet Daily News. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/merkel-vows-support-to-turkeys-economy-136545
  • Merkel: Türkiye ile müzakereler ucu açık sürdürülüyor. (2019, May 16). DW Türkçe. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from https://www.dw.com/tr/merkel-t%C3%BCrkiye-ile-m%C3%BCzakereler-ucu-a%C3%A7%C4%B1k-s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BCl%C3%BCyor/a-48759561
  • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey. (n.d.). Natural gas pipelines and projects. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Natural-Gas-Pipelines-and-Projects
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. (n.d.). Turkey’s energy profile and strategy. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa
  • Oyak Renault. (n.d.). Oyak Renault. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://www.renault.com.tr/renault-kesfet/renault-turkiye/oyak-renault.html
  • Tagliapietra, S. (2018). A new strategy for EU-Turkey energy cooperation. Turkish Policy Quarterly, Fall 2018.
  • TANAP. (n.d.). Groundbreaking at the silk road of energy. Accessed on 20th of June 2019 from https://www.tanap.com/media/press-releases/groundbreaking-at-the-silk-road-of-energy/
  • Trump threatens Merkel with pipeline sanctions, U.S. troop cut. (2019, June 12). Bloomberg. Accessed on 14th of June 2019 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/trump-says-he-s-considering-sanctions-to-stop-nord-stream-2
  • Turkish citizens’ support for EU membership on the rise: poll. (2018, January 9). Hürriyet Daily News. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-citizens-support-for-eu-membership-on-the-rise-poll-125402
  • Türk- Fransız Ticaret Derneği. (n.d.). Türkiye’de Fransa: Türkiye’de Fransız yatırımları, ticaret dengesi, istihdam ve şirketlerin rekabet gücü. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://www.ccift.com/tr/dernegimiz/tuerkiyede-fransa.html
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (n.d.). Uluslararası doğrudan yatırım istatistikleri. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from https://tuys.sanayi.gov.tr/page.html?sayfaId=3a3ab24a-23dc-4c01-a5b3-b22912de0c8eandlang=tr
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019a). Ülkelere göre yıllık ithalat (en çok ithalat yapılan 20 ülke). Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019b). Ülke gruplarına göre yıllık ihracat. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
  • Türkiye sözünü tuttu düzensiz göç büyük oranda durdu. (2017, March 21). Anadolu Ajansı. Accessed on 12th of June 2019 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/-turkiye-sozunu-tuttu-duzensiz-goc-buyuk-oranda-durdu/776220
  • Türkiye’ye doğrudan yatırımı en fazla azalan ülke İspanya. (2019, February 15). Haber Türk. Accessed on 17th of June 2019 from https://www.haberturk.com/turkiye-ye-yatirim-artisinda-liderlik-italya-nin-2374360-ekonomi
  • World’s Top Exports. (2019, February 26). Germany’s top trading partner. Accessed on 19th of June 2019 from http://www.worldstopexports.com/germanys-top-import-partners/
  • World’s Top Exports. (2019, May 29). France’s top trading partners. Accessed on 28th of June 2019 from http://www.worldstopexports.com/frances-top-import-partners/
  • Yıldız, U. B. (2018). The impact of the rise of far-right parties in Europe on Turkey’s European Union membership bid. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi,1(1), 86-100.
  • Zürcher, E. J. (2009). Modernleşen Türkiye’nin tarihi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Uğur Burç Yıldız 0000-0001-5362-9783

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 26 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, U. B. (2019). Don’t Exaggerate the Problems! Why can’t Turkey and the European Union Divorce?. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 2827-2846. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.594136