Araştırma Makalesi
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Measurement of Medical Tourism Efficiency of Countries with Data Environmental Analysis

Yıl 2019, 18. UİK Özel Sayısı, 917 - 936, 31.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.572046

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the productivity of the countries which are classified according to the medical tourism destinations in the world by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. In addition to determine the position in the medical tourism sector, medical tourism destination areas of the world, which is an important component of health tourism in Turkey. Medical tourism activities of countries were evaluated according to CCR model in DEA analysis. In the DEA method, variables consist of four inputs (from GNP to health, medical tourism index, number of physicians (thousand people) and two outputs (number of medical tourists, number of medical tourists in international tourists (%). As a result of the analysis, it was found that the average medical tourism activity of the countries covered by the survey was 69.7%. Turkey's efficiency score was determined as 28.97%. Tourism is one of the major income sources of the countries in the world. Turkey has made substantial progress in recent years in the tourism industry. However, due to the low rate of medical tourists in the number of international tourists in Turkey is quite low share of medical tourism pie. The development of medical tourism in Turkey will increase its contribution to the national economy and health policies should be developed.

Kaynakça

  • Akbolat, M. ve Deniz, N. G. (2017). Türkiye’de medikal turizmin gelişimi ve bazı ülkelerle karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Global Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 123-139.
  • Androutsou, L. ve Metaxas, T. (2018). Measuring the effeciency of medical tourism industry in EU members states. MPRA Paper No. 92461.
  • Aydın, O. (2012). Türkiye’de alternatif bir turizm sağlık turizmi. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(23), 91-96.
  • Barca, M. Akdeve, E. ve Balay, İ. G. (2013). Türkiye sağlık turizm sektörünün analizi ve strateji önerileri. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 64-92.
  • Borg, E. A. ve Ljungbo, K. (2018). International market-oriented strategies for medical tourism destinations. International Journal of Market Research, 60(6), 621-634.
  • Chakravarthy, K. K. ve Deepthi, K. (2008). SWOT analysis on medical tourism. Indian Journal Research, 3, 299-301.
  • Chee, H. L. (2007). Medical tourism in Malaysia: international movement of healthcare consumers and the commodification of healthcare. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series. No. 83.
  • Cohen, I. G. (2013). Transplant tourism: The ethics and regulation of international markets for organs. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 41(1), 269-285.
  • Collins, A., Medhekar, A., Wong, H. Y. ve Cobanoglu, C. (2019). Factors influencing outbound medical travel from the USA. Tourism Review, 74(3), 463-479.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and surgery. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1093-1100.
  • Connell, J. (2013). Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification. Tourism Management, 34, 1-13.
  • Debata, B. R., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. S. ve Sreekumar, S. (2013). Efficiency measurement amongst medical tourism service providers in India. International Journal for Responsible Tourism Perspectives on Health Tourism, Arte Publishing House, 2(1), 24-31.
  • Debata, B. R., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. S. ve Sreekumar. (2015). Efficiency measurement in medical tourism: a DEA approach. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 5(1), 90-112.
  • Fetscherin, M. ve Stephano, R.M. (2016). The medical tourism index: scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 52, 539-556.
  • Gan, L. L. ve Oviedo, N. (2013). Medical tourism: A SWOT analysis of Mexico and the Philippines. Available at SSRN 2234866.
  • Global Peace Index (2015). Measuring peace, its causes and its economic value, http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015-/06/Global-Peace-Index-Report- 2015_0.pdf, 03.08.2018.
  • Gökdayı, İ. ve Polat, M. (2015). Isparta’da medikal turizmin yapılabilirliği üzerine bir çalışma. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 17 (29), 9-16.
  • Grail Research (2009). The rise of medical tourism summary. https://vdocuments.mx/rise- of-medical-tourism-summary.html, 03.08.2018.
  • Gümüş, M. ve Özgüven, E. (2015). Barış ve turizm ekseninde medikal turizm: çözüm süreci sonrası Batman hastanelerinde yabancı hasta akışı. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 1-18.
  • Heung, V. C., Kucukusta, D. ve Song, H. (2010). A conceptual model of medical tourism: implications for future research. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(3), 236-251.
  • Horowitz, M. D., Rosensweig, J. A. ve Jones, C. A. (2007). Medicaltourism: globalization of the health care market place. Medscape General Medicine, 9(4), 33-38.
  • https://stats.oecd.org/ Health expenditure and financing, 20.03.2019.
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/546678/top-global-destinations-by-number-of-medical- tourists/, 21.04.2019.
  • İçöz, O. (2009). Sağlık turizmi kapsamında medikal (tıbbi) turizm ve Tür-kiye'nin olanakları. Journal of Yasar University, 4(14), 2257-2279.
  • Karadayı, M. A. ve Işık. M, (2018). A categorical dea framework for evaluating medical tourism efficiency of top destinations. I. Y. Topcu and C. Kahraman (Eds.), Operation Research Applications in (pp. 493-510). USA: Springer.
  • Karlaftis, M. J. (2004). A DEA approach for evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of urban transit systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 152, 354–364.
  • Kordić L. ve Šimundić, B. (2017), The efficiency of health tourism infrastructure in Croatia, The 11 th International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, September 14-16.
  • Medical Tourism Index, (2016). Homepage. https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/, 03.08.2018.
  • Medical Tourism Index, (2018). Background. https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/research-knowledge/background/, 05.08.2018.
  • Rerkrujipimol, J. and Assenov, I. (2011). Marketing strategies for promoting medical tourism in Thailand. Journal Tourism and Hospitality Culunary Arts, 3(2), 95-105.
  • Stephano, R. M. (2018). Top 10 medical tourism destinations in the world. Medical Tourism Magazine. Erişim Adresi, https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/top-10-medical- tourism-destinations-world. Erişim Tarihi, 03.01.2019.
  • Tengilimoğlu, D. (2013). Sağlık turizmi. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Tetik, S. (2003). İşletme performansını belirlemede veri zarflama analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 221-229.
  • Turner, L. (2010). Medical tourism and the global market place in health services: US patients, international hospitals, and the search for affordable health care. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 443-467.
  • Wong, K. M., Velasamy, P. ve Arshad, T. N. T. (2014). Medical tourism destination SWOT analysis: A case study of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and India. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 12, p. 01037). EDP Sciences.
  • World Bank, (2015a). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PH-YS.ZS?end=2013&name_desc=true&start=20 09, 03.08. 2018.
  • World Bank, (2015b). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.-CHEX.GD.ZS?name_desc=true, 03.08.2018.
  • World Bank, (2016). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL, 03.08.2018.
  • www.medicaltourismindex, “Medical Tourism Industry Valued at $100B Poised for 25% Year-Over-Year Growth by 2025”, https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/2016-medical- tourism-industry-valuation/, 02.08.2018.
  • Yiğit, V. (2016). Kamu hastanelerinde medikal turizminin gelişimini etkileyen faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 7(15), 107-119.
  • Yu, J.Y. and Ko, T. G. (2012). A cross-cultural study of perceptions of medical tourism among Chinese, Japanese and Korean tourists in Korea. Tourism Management, 33(1), 80-88.

Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Ülkelerin Medikal Turizm Etkinliğinin Ölçülmesi

Yıl 2019, 18. UİK Özel Sayısı, 917 - 936, 31.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.572046

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı dünyadaki medikal turizm destinasyon alanlarına göre sınıflandırılan ülkelerin verimliliklerini veri zarflama analizi (VZA) tekniği kullanılarak tespit etmek ve Türkiye’de sağlık turizminin önemli bir bileşeni olan medikal turizm sektörünün dünyadaki medikal turizm destinasyon alanları içerisindeki konumunu belirlemektir. VZA analizinde CCR modeline göre ülkelerin medikal turizm etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. VZA yönteminde değişkenler dört girdiden (GSMH'den sağlığa ayrılan pay, medikal turizm indeksi, hekim sayısı (bin kişiye)) ve iki çıktıdan (medikal turist sayısı, uluslararası turist sayısı içerisinde medikal turist oranı (%)) oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda araştırma kapsamındaki ülkelerin medikal turizm etkinliği ortalaması %69.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’nin verimlilik skoru ise %28.97 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dünyada ülkelerin önemli gelir kaynağı olan sektörlerden bir tanesi de turizmdir. Türkiye son yıllarda turizm sektöründe önemli gelişmeler sağlamıştır. Ancak Türkiye uluslararası turist sayısı içerisinde medikal turist oranının düşük olmasından dolayı medikal turizm pastasından oldukça düşük pay almaktadır. Türkiye’de medikal turizmin geliştirilmesi katkı sağlayacak sağlık politikaları uygulanarak ülke ekonomisine katkı yapması sağlanmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Akbolat, M. ve Deniz, N. G. (2017). Türkiye’de medikal turizmin gelişimi ve bazı ülkelerle karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Global Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 123-139.
  • Androutsou, L. ve Metaxas, T. (2018). Measuring the effeciency of medical tourism industry in EU members states. MPRA Paper No. 92461.
  • Aydın, O. (2012). Türkiye’de alternatif bir turizm sağlık turizmi. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(23), 91-96.
  • Barca, M. Akdeve, E. ve Balay, İ. G. (2013). Türkiye sağlık turizm sektörünün analizi ve strateji önerileri. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 64-92.
  • Borg, E. A. ve Ljungbo, K. (2018). International market-oriented strategies for medical tourism destinations. International Journal of Market Research, 60(6), 621-634.
  • Chakravarthy, K. K. ve Deepthi, K. (2008). SWOT analysis on medical tourism. Indian Journal Research, 3, 299-301.
  • Chee, H. L. (2007). Medical tourism in Malaysia: international movement of healthcare consumers and the commodification of healthcare. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series. No. 83.
  • Cohen, I. G. (2013). Transplant tourism: The ethics and regulation of international markets for organs. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 41(1), 269-285.
  • Collins, A., Medhekar, A., Wong, H. Y. ve Cobanoglu, C. (2019). Factors influencing outbound medical travel from the USA. Tourism Review, 74(3), 463-479.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and surgery. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1093-1100.
  • Connell, J. (2013). Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification. Tourism Management, 34, 1-13.
  • Debata, B. R., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. S. ve Sreekumar, S. (2013). Efficiency measurement amongst medical tourism service providers in India. International Journal for Responsible Tourism Perspectives on Health Tourism, Arte Publishing House, 2(1), 24-31.
  • Debata, B. R., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. S. ve Sreekumar. (2015). Efficiency measurement in medical tourism: a DEA approach. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 5(1), 90-112.
  • Fetscherin, M. ve Stephano, R.M. (2016). The medical tourism index: scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 52, 539-556.
  • Gan, L. L. ve Oviedo, N. (2013). Medical tourism: A SWOT analysis of Mexico and the Philippines. Available at SSRN 2234866.
  • Global Peace Index (2015). Measuring peace, its causes and its economic value, http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015-/06/Global-Peace-Index-Report- 2015_0.pdf, 03.08.2018.
  • Gökdayı, İ. ve Polat, M. (2015). Isparta’da medikal turizmin yapılabilirliği üzerine bir çalışma. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 17 (29), 9-16.
  • Grail Research (2009). The rise of medical tourism summary. https://vdocuments.mx/rise- of-medical-tourism-summary.html, 03.08.2018.
  • Gümüş, M. ve Özgüven, E. (2015). Barış ve turizm ekseninde medikal turizm: çözüm süreci sonrası Batman hastanelerinde yabancı hasta akışı. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 1-18.
  • Heung, V. C., Kucukusta, D. ve Song, H. (2010). A conceptual model of medical tourism: implications for future research. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(3), 236-251.
  • Horowitz, M. D., Rosensweig, J. A. ve Jones, C. A. (2007). Medicaltourism: globalization of the health care market place. Medscape General Medicine, 9(4), 33-38.
  • https://stats.oecd.org/ Health expenditure and financing, 20.03.2019.
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/546678/top-global-destinations-by-number-of-medical- tourists/, 21.04.2019.
  • İçöz, O. (2009). Sağlık turizmi kapsamında medikal (tıbbi) turizm ve Tür-kiye'nin olanakları. Journal of Yasar University, 4(14), 2257-2279.
  • Karadayı, M. A. ve Işık. M, (2018). A categorical dea framework for evaluating medical tourism efficiency of top destinations. I. Y. Topcu and C. Kahraman (Eds.), Operation Research Applications in (pp. 493-510). USA: Springer.
  • Karlaftis, M. J. (2004). A DEA approach for evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of urban transit systems. European Journal of Operational Research, 152, 354–364.
  • Kordić L. ve Šimundić, B. (2017), The efficiency of health tourism infrastructure in Croatia, The 11 th International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, September 14-16.
  • Medical Tourism Index, (2016). Homepage. https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/, 03.08.2018.
  • Medical Tourism Index, (2018). Background. https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/research-knowledge/background/, 05.08.2018.
  • Rerkrujipimol, J. and Assenov, I. (2011). Marketing strategies for promoting medical tourism in Thailand. Journal Tourism and Hospitality Culunary Arts, 3(2), 95-105.
  • Stephano, R. M. (2018). Top 10 medical tourism destinations in the world. Medical Tourism Magazine. Erişim Adresi, https://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/top-10-medical- tourism-destinations-world. Erişim Tarihi, 03.01.2019.
  • Tengilimoğlu, D. (2013). Sağlık turizmi. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Tetik, S. (2003). İşletme performansını belirlemede veri zarflama analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 221-229.
  • Turner, L. (2010). Medical tourism and the global market place in health services: US patients, international hospitals, and the search for affordable health care. International Journal of Health Services, 40(3), 443-467.
  • Wong, K. M., Velasamy, P. ve Arshad, T. N. T. (2014). Medical tourism destination SWOT analysis: A case study of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and India. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 12, p. 01037). EDP Sciences.
  • World Bank, (2015a). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PH-YS.ZS?end=2013&name_desc=true&start=20 09, 03.08. 2018.
  • World Bank, (2015b). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.-CHEX.GD.ZS?name_desc=true, 03.08.2018.
  • World Bank, (2016). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL, 03.08.2018.
  • www.medicaltourismindex, “Medical Tourism Industry Valued at $100B Poised for 25% Year-Over-Year Growth by 2025”, https://www.medicaltourismindex.com/2016-medical- tourism-industry-valuation/, 02.08.2018.
  • Yiğit, V. (2016). Kamu hastanelerinde medikal turizminin gelişimini etkileyen faktörler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 7(15), 107-119.
  • Yu, J.Y. and Ko, T. G. (2012). A cross-cultural study of perceptions of medical tourism among Chinese, Japanese and Korean tourists in Korea. Tourism Management, 33(1), 80-88.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arzu Yiğit 0000-0002-5777-3405

Vahit Yiğit 0000-0002-9805-8504

Selin Eroymak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4377-9339

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2019
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 18. UİK Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğit, A., Yiğit, V., & Eroymak, S. (2019). Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Ülkelerin Medikal Turizm Etkinliğinin Ölçülmesi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 12, 917-936. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.572046