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Re-Locating Identity Politics in the UK in a Post-Brexit Era: The Scottish, Northern Irish, And Welsh National Backlash

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 24, 2957 - 2981, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.640273

Öz

In a recent referendum, the British voted to opt out of the European project. Clearly the outcome still remains unclear. Immediately after the referendum, internal debates on how the individual regions that comprise the UK would react have now come to the fore. This study is to examine how the British government will settle its relations with its regions (i.e., Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland), and whether the UK will devolve after Brexit. The retrieval of state power will certainly trigger popular movements hence, there is a need to question how identities can be positioned in the UK after Brexit. I argue that the issue of identity will become essential in British politics as it will spell the revival of an internal nationalist political rhetoric. An identity based harsh political discourse is on its play and will remain present for some time in the UK. This is tested by examining the nationalist discourse of the Scottish National Party, Sinn Fein, and Plaid Cymru.

Kaynakça

  • Bartolini, S. (2005), Restructuring Europe: Centre formation, system building and political structuring between the Nation State and European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bevir, M. and Rhodes, R.A.W. (2003). Interpreting British governance. London: Routledge.
  • Booth, W. (2019), Scotland dreads Brexit. But is it enough to boot sentimentfor Scottish independence. The Washington Post Accessed on 15th January 2019 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/scotland-dreads-brexit-but-is-it-enough-to-boost-scottish-independence/2019/02/10/d5fd3522-1fe8-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html?utm_term=.f20d4e1bb980
  • Breuilly, J. (1993), Nationalism and the state (2nd edition), Chicago: TheUniversity of Chicago Press.
  • Castells, M. (1997), The power of identity, the information age: Economy,society and culture. Oxford: Malden MA.
  • Carrell, S. (2018), Brexit: Scotland and Wales face battle for fish and farm policy. The Guardian. Accessed on 20 October 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/09/brexit-scotland-and-wales-face-battle-for-fish-and-farm-policy
  • Carywn, J. (2012), Welsh Leader to Cameron: Tone down the Euroskepticism. Euractiv, Accessed on 4th April 2018 from https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk- europe/news/welsh-leader-to-cameron-tone-down-the-euroskepticism/
  • Cameron, D. (2013), Europe Speech. Accessed on 15th November 2018 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/full-text-david-camerons-europe-speech-8462592.html
  • Doyle, J., and Connolly, E, (2017). Brexit and the Future of Northern Ireland. DCUBrexit Institute [Working paper] Accessed from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3102330
  • Foster, A. (2017). The Union is our guiding star. BBC, Accessed on 6th June 2018 from https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-40226980/the-union-is-our-guiding-star-dup-s-arlene-foster
  • Foster, A. (2019). No DUP split over Brexit Withdrawal Agreement. AOL, Accessed on 5th May 2019 from https://www.aol.co.uk/news/2019/04/01/no-dup-split-over-brexit-withdrawalagreementinsistsfoster/? guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS50ci8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABaPYhGE7SRQ_DXwXw33eFqoGoT71iYVpiLzSKRuKfrn4tm4WsGStgVSgLuEQ_MRfQFfTmkZpwvduyd9NTKAccPIxqUoitlYh7Gp8zGbAC7R8DgLvAw7G9JtzLbz_YXUvCei4Dmw09EhkO4JVvXee7cs1nWmiKuqbwM9ZqRKJJl
  • Gallagher, J. (2018). Brexit is where Scottish and English nationalism meet. [Webarticle], Accessed on 20th December 2018 from https://ukandeu.ac.uk/brexit-is-where-scottish-and-english-nationalism-meet/
  • Geldof, B. (2019), Interview with the journal.ie, Accessed on 15th March 2019 from https://www.thejournal.ie/bob-geldof-brexit-4440114-Jan2019/
  • Gifford, C. (2010). The UK and European Union: Dimensions of sovereignty and the problem of eurosceptic Britishness, Parliamentary Affairs, 63(2), 321-338.
  • Gildernew, M. (2019). Sinn Féin say hard Brexit will trigger Irish Unity vote Anadolu Agency. Accessed on 10th March 2019 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/sinn-fein-say-hard-brexit-will-trigger-irish-unity-vote/1391002
  • Hague, W. (1999). Identity and the British way. Speech to centre for policy studies. Accessed on 8th June 2018 from https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/uk.politics.misc/sS9rxLLDOAE
  • Ivereigh, A. (2016). Brexit decision Highlights Britain’s National identity crisis. Accessed on 10th November 2018 from https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/news/brexit-decision-highlights-britains-national-identity-crisis
  • Kymlicka, W. (2011). Multicultural citizenship within multination states.Ethnicities, 11(3), 281-302.
  • Livingstone, A., BrudeR, M., Spears, R., ve Manstead A. (2009), Defining common goals without speaking the same language: social identity and social action in Wales. In M. Wetherell (ed.), Theorizing identities and social action. (p.238-255).. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Mcdonald, M.L. (2018), Sinn Fein leader describes Brexit deal as least worst option. The Irish News, Accessed on 6th January 2019 from https://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2018/11/26/news/sinn-fe-in-leader-mary-lou-mcdonald-describes-brexit-deal-as-least-worst-option--1493176/
  • Mcdonald, M.L. (2019), Class of 2019: The rankings, Politico, 2019. Accessed on 25th April 2019 from https://www.politico.eu/list/politico-28-class-of-2019-the-ranking/mary-lou-mcdonald/
  • McDonald, M.L. (2019). Irish nationalists warn May: no-deal Brexit means a unity referendum. Reuters, Accessed on 20th February 2019 from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-ireland-referendum/irish-nationalists warnmaynodealbrexitmeansaunityreferendumidUSKCN1PV1GX?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews
  • Moffat, A. (2000). The importance of thinking local. New Statesman Scotland, Accessed on 5th May 2017 from https://www.newstatesman.com/us/politics
  • O’hagan, E.M. (2015). A Little More Nationalism might be just what the Welsh need. The Guardian, Accessed on 5th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/15/nationalism-welsh-plaid-cymru-leanne-wood-wales
  • ONE WALES STRATEGY. (2017), One Wales: A Progressive agenda for the government of Wales. BBC, Accessed on 2nd March 2018 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/27_06_07_onewales.pdf
  • Paxman, J. (1998). The English: A portrait of a people. London: Michael Joseph
  • Price, A. (2018). New Plaid Cymru leader: No deal Brexit could hasten Welsh Independence, The Guardian, Accessed on 15th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/sep/28/new-plaid-cymru-leader-adam-price-leanne-wood-wales-independence
  • Plaid, C.. (2017). Defending Wales action plan 2017. Accessed on 10th October 2018 from https://www.partyof.wales/actionplan17
  • Price, A. (2019). Independence referendum for Wales if Brexit goes ahead without peoples vote, Party of Wales. Accessed on 9th May 2019 from https://www.partyof.wales/independence_referendum_if_brexit_without_people_vote
  • Price, A. (2018), Cataclysm of Brexit 'could lead to Welsh independence, by Steven Morris, Accessed on 11th January 2019 from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/05/cataclysm-brexit-welsh-independence-plaid-cymru-adam-price
  • Saville Roberts, L. (2019). Real people will pay the price for Westminster’s Brexit time-wasting. Accessed on 25th May 2019 from https://nation.cymru/opinion/real-people-will-pay-the-price-for-westminsters-brexit-time-wasting/
  • Saville Roberts, L. (2019). Plaid will vote against deal and push to extend Article 50 to give people final say on Brexit. Accessed on 12th April 2019 from https://www.partyof.wales/vote_against_deal_and_push_to_extend_article_50_to_give_people_final_say_on_brexit
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018). Brexit is the perfect argument for Scottish independence. Accessed on 10th January 2018 from https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/nicola-sturgeon-marion-van-renterghem-brexit-scottish-independence-1-5794685
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018). Scotland should be part of Northern Ireland backstop deal, politics home. Accessed on 16th December 2018 from https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/snp/nicolasturgeon/news/98865/nicola-sturgeon-scotland-should-be-part
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018), Brexit makes Scottish independence more likely. The Guardian, Accessed on 15th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/oct/09/snp-must-do-more-to-persuade-voters-on-independence-says-sturgeon
  • Taylor, P. (2008), The end of European integration: Anti-Europeanism examined. London: Routledge.
  • Wellings, B. (2007). Rump Britain: Englishness and Britishness 1992–2001, National Identities, 9(4), 395-412.
  • Welsh Government. (2018). Brexit and devolution, securing wales’ future. Accessed on 7th January 2019 from https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/201706/170615brexit%20and%20devolution%20(en).pdf
  • Winder, R.. (2018). After Brexit, England will have to think its identity. Accessed on 11th October 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/08/brexit-england-rethink-identity-nation
  • Woods, L. (2019). I am a Welsh European leanne woods: Emotive argument for keeping EU Citizenship, Wales Online, Accessed on 21st November, 2018 from https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/i-am-welsh-european-no-14380429

Brexit Sonrası Dönemde Birleşik Krallıkta Kimlikleri Yeniden Tanımlamak: İskoç, Kuzey İrlandalı Ve Galli Milliyetçilikleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 24, 2957 - 2981, 30.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.640273

Öz

İngilizler yakın tarihli bir referandumda Avrupa projesinden uzak durmayı seçmişlerdir. Ortaya çıkan bu sonuç ise belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Ancak, referandumdan hemen sonra, Birleşik Krallık içindeki bölgelerin (İskoçya, Galler, Kuzey İrlanda) referandum neticesine nasıl tepki vereceği hususu önem kazanmış ve iç tartışmalar başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Londra'nın bölgeleriyle ilişkilerini nasıl çözeceğini ve dahası Brexit sonrası alevlenen milliyetçi söylemin gelişmeleri nasıl şekillendireceğini analiz etmektir. Brexit ile başlayan güç mücadelesi ve gücün Londra merkezli geri alınması, kimlik siyaseti ile beslenen halk hareketlerini tetiklediği görülmektedir. Brexit’in esasen bir yönüyle var olan bir kimlik meselesinin sonucu olduğu da açıktır. Bu süreçte bölgesel kimliklerin nasıl konumlandırılabileceğini sorgulama ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmakta ve halihazırda kimlik tabanlı sert bir siyasal söylemim Birleşik Krallık siyasetine egemen olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, İngiltere'de siyasetin merkezinde yer alan milliyetçi söylemin yeniden canlanmasına neden olan İngiliz siyasetinde kimlik meselesinin önem kazanacağını savunmakta, bu argümanı ise İskoç Ulusal Partisi, Sinn Fein ve Plaid Cyrmru partilerinin söylemleri üzerinden irdelemeye çalışmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Bartolini, S. (2005), Restructuring Europe: Centre formation, system building and political structuring between the Nation State and European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bevir, M. and Rhodes, R.A.W. (2003). Interpreting British governance. London: Routledge.
  • Booth, W. (2019), Scotland dreads Brexit. But is it enough to boot sentimentfor Scottish independence. The Washington Post Accessed on 15th January 2019 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/scotland-dreads-brexit-but-is-it-enough-to-boost-scottish-independence/2019/02/10/d5fd3522-1fe8-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html?utm_term=.f20d4e1bb980
  • Breuilly, J. (1993), Nationalism and the state (2nd edition), Chicago: TheUniversity of Chicago Press.
  • Castells, M. (1997), The power of identity, the information age: Economy,society and culture. Oxford: Malden MA.
  • Carrell, S. (2018), Brexit: Scotland and Wales face battle for fish and farm policy. The Guardian. Accessed on 20 October 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/mar/09/brexit-scotland-and-wales-face-battle-for-fish-and-farm-policy
  • Carywn, J. (2012), Welsh Leader to Cameron: Tone down the Euroskepticism. Euractiv, Accessed on 4th April 2018 from https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk- europe/news/welsh-leader-to-cameron-tone-down-the-euroskepticism/
  • Cameron, D. (2013), Europe Speech. Accessed on 15th November 2018 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/full-text-david-camerons-europe-speech-8462592.html
  • Doyle, J., and Connolly, E, (2017). Brexit and the Future of Northern Ireland. DCUBrexit Institute [Working paper] Accessed from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3102330
  • Foster, A. (2017). The Union is our guiding star. BBC, Accessed on 6th June 2018 from https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-40226980/the-union-is-our-guiding-star-dup-s-arlene-foster
  • Foster, A. (2019). No DUP split over Brexit Withdrawal Agreement. AOL, Accessed on 5th May 2019 from https://www.aol.co.uk/news/2019/04/01/no-dup-split-over-brexit-withdrawalagreementinsistsfoster/? guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS50ci8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABaPYhGE7SRQ_DXwXw33eFqoGoT71iYVpiLzSKRuKfrn4tm4WsGStgVSgLuEQ_MRfQFfTmkZpwvduyd9NTKAccPIxqUoitlYh7Gp8zGbAC7R8DgLvAw7G9JtzLbz_YXUvCei4Dmw09EhkO4JVvXee7cs1nWmiKuqbwM9ZqRKJJl
  • Gallagher, J. (2018). Brexit is where Scottish and English nationalism meet. [Webarticle], Accessed on 20th December 2018 from https://ukandeu.ac.uk/brexit-is-where-scottish-and-english-nationalism-meet/
  • Geldof, B. (2019), Interview with the journal.ie, Accessed on 15th March 2019 from https://www.thejournal.ie/bob-geldof-brexit-4440114-Jan2019/
  • Gifford, C. (2010). The UK and European Union: Dimensions of sovereignty and the problem of eurosceptic Britishness, Parliamentary Affairs, 63(2), 321-338.
  • Gildernew, M. (2019). Sinn Féin say hard Brexit will trigger Irish Unity vote Anadolu Agency. Accessed on 10th March 2019 from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/sinn-fein-say-hard-brexit-will-trigger-irish-unity-vote/1391002
  • Hague, W. (1999). Identity and the British way. Speech to centre for policy studies. Accessed on 8th June 2018 from https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/uk.politics.misc/sS9rxLLDOAE
  • Ivereigh, A. (2016). Brexit decision Highlights Britain’s National identity crisis. Accessed on 10th November 2018 from https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/news/brexit-decision-highlights-britains-national-identity-crisis
  • Kymlicka, W. (2011). Multicultural citizenship within multination states.Ethnicities, 11(3), 281-302.
  • Livingstone, A., BrudeR, M., Spears, R., ve Manstead A. (2009), Defining common goals without speaking the same language: social identity and social action in Wales. In M. Wetherell (ed.), Theorizing identities and social action. (p.238-255).. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Mcdonald, M.L. (2018), Sinn Fein leader describes Brexit deal as least worst option. The Irish News, Accessed on 6th January 2019 from https://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2018/11/26/news/sinn-fe-in-leader-mary-lou-mcdonald-describes-brexit-deal-as-least-worst-option--1493176/
  • Mcdonald, M.L. (2019), Class of 2019: The rankings, Politico, 2019. Accessed on 25th April 2019 from https://www.politico.eu/list/politico-28-class-of-2019-the-ranking/mary-lou-mcdonald/
  • McDonald, M.L. (2019). Irish nationalists warn May: no-deal Brexit means a unity referendum. Reuters, Accessed on 20th February 2019 from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-ireland-referendum/irish-nationalists warnmaynodealbrexitmeansaunityreferendumidUSKCN1PV1GX?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews
  • Moffat, A. (2000). The importance of thinking local. New Statesman Scotland, Accessed on 5th May 2017 from https://www.newstatesman.com/us/politics
  • O’hagan, E.M. (2015). A Little More Nationalism might be just what the Welsh need. The Guardian, Accessed on 5th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/15/nationalism-welsh-plaid-cymru-leanne-wood-wales
  • ONE WALES STRATEGY. (2017), One Wales: A Progressive agenda for the government of Wales. BBC, Accessed on 2nd March 2018 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/27_06_07_onewales.pdf
  • Paxman, J. (1998). The English: A portrait of a people. London: Michael Joseph
  • Price, A. (2018). New Plaid Cymru leader: No deal Brexit could hasten Welsh Independence, The Guardian, Accessed on 15th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/sep/28/new-plaid-cymru-leader-adam-price-leanne-wood-wales-independence
  • Plaid, C.. (2017). Defending Wales action plan 2017. Accessed on 10th October 2018 from https://www.partyof.wales/actionplan17
  • Price, A. (2019). Independence referendum for Wales if Brexit goes ahead without peoples vote, Party of Wales. Accessed on 9th May 2019 from https://www.partyof.wales/independence_referendum_if_brexit_without_people_vote
  • Price, A. (2018), Cataclysm of Brexit 'could lead to Welsh independence, by Steven Morris, Accessed on 11th January 2019 from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/05/cataclysm-brexit-welsh-independence-plaid-cymru-adam-price
  • Saville Roberts, L. (2019). Real people will pay the price for Westminster’s Brexit time-wasting. Accessed on 25th May 2019 from https://nation.cymru/opinion/real-people-will-pay-the-price-for-westminsters-brexit-time-wasting/
  • Saville Roberts, L. (2019). Plaid will vote against deal and push to extend Article 50 to give people final say on Brexit. Accessed on 12th April 2019 from https://www.partyof.wales/vote_against_deal_and_push_to_extend_article_50_to_give_people_final_say_on_brexit
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018). Brexit is the perfect argument for Scottish independence. Accessed on 10th January 2018 from https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/nicola-sturgeon-marion-van-renterghem-brexit-scottish-independence-1-5794685
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018). Scotland should be part of Northern Ireland backstop deal, politics home. Accessed on 16th December 2018 from https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/snp/nicolasturgeon/news/98865/nicola-sturgeon-scotland-should-be-part
  • Sturgeon, N. (2018), Brexit makes Scottish independence more likely. The Guardian, Accessed on 15th December 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/oct/09/snp-must-do-more-to-persuade-voters-on-independence-says-sturgeon
  • Taylor, P. (2008), The end of European integration: Anti-Europeanism examined. London: Routledge.
  • Wellings, B. (2007). Rump Britain: Englishness and Britishness 1992–2001, National Identities, 9(4), 395-412.
  • Welsh Government. (2018). Brexit and devolution, securing wales’ future. Accessed on 7th January 2019 from https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/201706/170615brexit%20and%20devolution%20(en).pdf
  • Winder, R.. (2018). After Brexit, England will have to think its identity. Accessed on 11th October 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/08/brexit-england-rethink-identity-nation
  • Woods, L. (2019). I am a Welsh European leanne woods: Emotive argument for keeping EU Citizenship, Wales Online, Accessed on 21st November, 2018 from https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/i-am-welsh-european-no-14380429
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yöneylem
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sertan Akbaba 0000-0002-4278-1170

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbaba, S. (2020). Re-Locating Identity Politics in the UK in a Post-Brexit Era: The Scottish, Northern Irish, And Welsh National Backlash. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2957-2981. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.640273