Küresel Göçler ve Türkiye

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 36, 2992 - 3014, 30.04.2021

Bora Balun

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.833619

Öz

Günümüz küresel göç hareketleri, modern dönem öncesine oranla farklı bir çizgiye kaymıştır. Özellikle, göç hareketlerinin sınır aşan niteliğiyle öngörülemeyen bir ölçeğe ulaşması ve ortaya çıkan etkilerin tahmin edilme olasılığının sınırlanmasıyla, göç hareketleri nicel ve nitel açıdan büyük bir değişime sürüklenmiştir. Bu sürece paralel olarak küreselleşme hareketlerinin şiddetlenmesi ve bu akımın doğal olarak göçleri geçmişe göre farklılaştırmasıyla menşei ülke ve hedef ülkeler sosyo-ekonomik açıdan etkilenmiş, göçmenlerin demografik özellikleri de değişmeye başlamıştır. Ayrıca savaşlar ve iç çatışmalar sonucu ortaya çıkan göçler de göç hareketlerine dinamizm kazandırıp yön veren ve küreselleşme kadar etkili bir unsura dönüşmüştür. Literatüre dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, Dünya ve Türkiye örneği üzerinden göçlere dair güncel eğilimler analiz edilmeye çalışılacak gerek Dünya, gerekse de Türkiye üzerinden yapılan analizde dönemsel farklar ulusal ve uluslararası rapor ve yayınlar aracılığıyla tartışılacaktır. Aynı zamanda çalışmanın bütünü Türkiye’nin uluslararası göçler açısından güncel ve hareketli konumuna bağlanmaya çalışılacak ve Türkiye’nin yabancı göçmenler açısından transit ülkemi yoksa hedef ülkemi olduğu sorusunun yanıtı aranacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Göç, Türkiye, Yabancı Göçmen

Global Migrations and Turkey

Öz

Today’s migration movements have shifted to another line compared to the pre-modern age. Migration movements have been dragged into a great change in terms of both quantitative and qualitative aspects especially with the transnational nature of migration movements reaching an unpredictable scale and limiting the possibility of predicting the effects a raised. In parallel with this process, due to the fact that globalization movements have become more intense and as this movement naturally differentiates migration from the past, the country of origin and destination countries were affected socio-economically, and the demographic characteristics of migrants have begun to change. Moreover, migrations resulting from wars and internal conflicts have become a factor that directs migration movements by giving dynamism and that is as effective as globalization. In this study carried out based on the literature, current trends related with the migrations will be analyzed through Turkey and World sample; and in the analysis made over both Turkey and the World, periodic differences will be discussed through national and international reports and publications. At the same time, the whole work will be tried to be connected with the current and active position of Turkey in terms of international migrations, and the answers to the question that Turkey is a transit or target country for the foreign migrants will be sought.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global migration, Turkey, Foreign migrant

Kaynakça

• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2013). Turkey migration report. https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/YillikGocRaporlari/2013_yillik_goc_raporu.pdf Access on 11.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2014). Turkey migration report. https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/YillikGocRaporlari/2014_yillik_goc_raporu.pdf Access on 11.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2015). Turkey migration report. https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/YillikGocRaporlari/2015_yillik_goc_raporu.pdf Access on 11.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2016). Turkey migration report. Access on 11.08.2020.https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/YillikGocRaporlari/2016_yiik_goc_raporu_haziran.pd f Access on 11.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2020). Statistics. https://www.goc.gov.tr/giris-cikis Access on 11.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2020a). Irregular migration. https://www.goc.gov.tr/duzensiz-goc-istatistikler Access on 19.08.2020.
• Directorate General of Migration Management. (2020b). Temporary protection and international protection. https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638 Access on 19.08.2020.
• Düvell, F. (2018). The “great migration” of summer 2015: Analysing the assemblage of Key Drivers in Turkey. Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, 1-8.
• Foreigners and International Protection Law. (2013). Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, No: 28615, 11 April 2013.
• Institute for Economics & Peace. (2020). Ecological threat register 2020: Understanding ecological threats, resilience & peace. Sydney, September. http://visionofhumanity.org/reports Access on 12.08.2020.
• International Labour Law. (2016). Republic of Turkey Official Gazette. No: 29800, 13 August 2016.
• International Organization for Migration. (2017). Mixed migration flows in the Mediterranean and Beyond. Flow Monitoring Data Analysis, International Organization for Migration, July.
• International Organization for Migration. (2020). Global migration trends. https://www.iom.int/global- migration-trends Access on 25.09.2020.
• İçduygu, A. (2005). Transit migration in Turkey: Trends, patterns and issues. CARIM Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration, Research Reports, CARIM-RR 2005/04, 1-4.
• İçduygu, A., Sert, D. and Biriz Karaçay A. (2009). Briefing on Migration and Asylum-Seeking Movements to Turkey and Relevant Policies. Migration Research Program at Koc University, 1, 1-7.
• İçduygu, A. and Yükseker, D. (2010). Rethinking transit migration in Turkey: Reality and Re-presentation in the Creation of a Migratory Phenomenon. Population, Space & Place, 18, 441-443.
• Frontex. (2019). Risk analysis for 2019. Warsaw: Frontex Risk Analysis Unit, Reference Number: 1218/2019, February.
• Ministry of Development. (2014). Migration specialization commission report. Ankara: Ministry of Development 10st Development Plan 2014-2018, Reference Number: KB: 2858 - ÖİK: 712.
• Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services. (2018). Work permits for foreigner: 2018. https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/31746/yabanciizin2018.pdf Access on 19.07.2020.
• Nord, M., Andrews, M. and Carlson, S. (2006). Household food security in the United States, 2005. Economic Research Report, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, No. 29, 6.
• Şi̇şman, Y. and Balun, B. (2020). Transit migration and Turkey. Journal of Anadolu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21 (2), 61-79.
• United Nations (2013). International migration policies government views and priorities. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, ST/ESA/SER. A/342.
• United Nations. (2018). Global migration indicators: 2018. Berlin: Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC).
• United Nations. (2019). International migration 2019. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, ST/ESA/SER. A/439.
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2017). Global trends Forced Displacement in 2017. https://www.unhcr.org/5b27be547.pdf Access on 12.10.2020.
• Wissink, M., Düvell, F. and Eardewijk, V., E. (2013). Dynamic Migration Intentions and the Impact of Socio- Institutional Environments: A Transit Migration Hub in Turkey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39 (7), 1088-1089.