“THE MYSTERY OF CHRIST”: THE BIBLICAL BASIS FOR THE IDEA OF THE SACRAMENTS (ST. PAUL)

Yıl 2021, , 332 - 375, 30.12.2021

Canan Seyfeli

https://doi.org/10.31834/ortadoguvegoc.1010795

Öz

The subject of the article is St. Paul’s idea of “mystery of Christ”. Paul and his idea of the “mystery of Christ” are discussed as the biblical basis of the Christian idea of sacraments. Although the basic ideas of Christianity are partially based on the Old Testament, mostly on Jesus and the Gospels, it was Paul who first formulated most of them in their current form. Paul was the first to use the expression “mystery of Christ”. This idea is redefinition of the Messianic doctrine over the concept of mystery. Paul used the word “Christ” and “mystery” and the new concept he created with them in a sense loaded with mysticism and symbolism. The clearest expression and manifestation of Christ or “mystery of Christ” in relation to the sacraments in the Bible is the Eucharist (The Last Supper). Paul also expressed this as “being one in Christ”. God’s secret plan is Christ. By revealing the “mystery of Christ” to Paul and others, God's wisdom (Christ) was bestowed upon them. This wisdom is the revelation of the "Christ mystery" and is realized by Baptism in believers. But the Eucharist is the foundation and culmination of oneness in Christ. The Fathers of the Church multiplied the one "Christ mystery" by calling the beliefs about Christ the sacraments. Then, in parallel with the transformation from Greek mysterion to Latin sacramentum, Tertullian was the first to call practices sacrament. He attributed to the "Christ sacrament" the meaning of “the mystery with the sign”. The Eucharist was the first to complete the sacramental process. Subsequently, Baptism and Confirmation, Repentance, Marriage, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick completed their sacramental meaning, respectively. Thus, the idea of sacraments, which was first expressed in Augustine, completed its sacramental process in parallel with the present form of Christianity. In conclusion, Paul’s idea of the mystery of Christ is the biblical basis and starting point of the idea of the sacraments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Christianity, St. Paul, The Mystery of Christ, Sacraments, Eucharist

“MESİH SIRRI”: SAKRAMENTLER FİKRİNİN KUTSAL KİTAP’TAKİ DAYANAĞI (PAVLUS)

Öz

Makalenin konusu Pavlus’un “Mesih sırrı” fikridir. Pavlus ve “Mesih sırrı” fikri Hıristiyan sakramentler fikrinin Kutsal Kitap’taki dayanağı olarak ele alınmıştır. Hıristiyanlığın temel fikirleri kısmen Eski Antlaşma’ya daha çok İsa ve İncillere dayanmakla beraber çoğunluğunu bugünkü şekliyle ilk formülüze eden Pavlus’tur. “Mesih sırrı” fikri Pavlus’a aittir ve Mesih öğretisinin sır kavramı üzerinden yeniden tanımlanmasıdır. Pavlus Mesih, sır ve “Mesih sırrı” kavramını mistisizm ve sembolizm yüklü bir anlamda kullanmıştır. Mesih veya “Mesih sırrı”nın sakramentlerle ilişkili olarak Kutsal Kitap’taki en açık ifadesi ve göstergesi Evharistiyadır (Son Akşam Yemeği). Bunu Pavlus, “Mesih’te bir olmak” diye de ifade etmiştir. Tanrı’nın sır olan tasarısı Mesih’tir. “Mesih sırrı” Pavlus’a ve başkalarına ifşa olarak onlara Tanrı’nın bilgeliği (Mesih) lütfedilmiştir. Bu bilgelik “Mesih sırrı”nın ifşasıdır ve inananlarda Vaftizle gerçekleşir, ancak Evharistiya Mesih’te bir olmanın temeli ve doruk noktasıdır. Tek olan “Mesih sırrı”nı Kilise Babaları önce Mesih’le ilgili inançları sakrament diye tanımlayarak çoğaltmışlardır. Ardından Yunanca mysteriondan Latince sacramentuma dönüşüme paralel olarak uygulamalara sakrament diyen ilk kişi Tertullian olmuştur. O, “Mesih sakramenti”ne işareti bulunan sır anlamı yüklemiştir. İlk sakramental süreci tamamlayan Evharistiya olmuştur. Ardından sırasıyla Vaftiz ve Konfirmasyon (Mühürleme), Tövbe, Evlilik, Ruhban Takdisi ve Hasta Yağı (Son Yağla Meshetme) sakramental anlamını tamamlamıştır. Böylece ilk defa Augustin’de ifadesini bulan sakramentler fikri, sakramental sürecini Hıristiyanlığın bugünkü biçimine paralel olarak tamamlamıştır. Sonuç olarak Pavlus’un “Mesih sırrı” fikri sakramentler fikrinin Kutsal Kitap’taki dayanağı ve çıkış noktasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hıristiyanlık, Aziz Pavlus, Mesih Sırrı, Sakramentler, Evharistiya

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