STRATEGIC ORIENTATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON FREE ZONE COMPANIES

Öz

  Free zone is one of the country’s strategies to get a bigger share from world trade. Free zones not only expedite the entrance of advanced technology by attracting the foreign investors to the country, but also make the exporters of the country become competitive in the world market by providing convenience in terms of cheap raw materials and tax. This study aims to make a research on the relation among the comprehensive field research made on free zones, strategic orientations, and firm performance. Market, technology, and entrepreneurship orientations had been handled in this study. Firm performance, on the other hand, had been handled in terms of financial and nonfinancial performance. Sampling method, which is not based on a specific calculus of probabilities, had been used in convenience and the data had been collected by survey method. The data obtained from survey evaluated by making “Correlation Analysis” and “Hierarchical Regression Analysis” by means of SPSS 18.0 software. As a result of analysis, it is reached that strategic orientation show different impact on the firm performance. The study ends with the interpretation and evaluation of the indications both in theoretical terms and in administrative terms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Free Zones, Strategic Orientation, Firm Performance

STRATEJİK ORYANTASYON VE FİRMA PERFORMANSI: SERBEST BÖLGE FİRMALARI ÜZERİNDE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Dünya ticaretinden daha fazla pay alabilmek için ülkelerin stratejilerden biri de serbest bölgelerdir. Serbest bölgeler hem yabancı yatırımcıyı ülkeye çekerek ileri teknoloji girişini hızlandırmakta, hem de ucuz hammadde ve vergi açısından kolaylık sağlayarak ülke ihracatçısını dünya pazarında rekabet edebilir hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma serbest bölgeler üzerine yapılan kapsamlı bir alan araştırması ile stratejik oryantasyonlar ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada stratejik oryantasyonlar olarak pazar, teknoloji ve girişimcilik oryantasyonları ele alındı. Firma performansı ise finansal ve finansal olmayan performans boyutları ile ele alındı. Çalışmada belirli bir olasılık hesabına dayanmayan kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler korelasyon ve (hiyerarşik) regresyon analizleri yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucu uygulanan bulgular; stratejik oryantasyonların firma performansı üzerinde etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma elde edilen bulguların hem teorik hem de yönetsel anlamda değerlendirilmesi ve yorumlanması ile sona ermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serbest Bölgeler, Stratejik Oryantasyon, Firma Performansı

Kaynakça

1. ATUANE-GİMA, K. (1995). An exploratory analysis of the impact of market orientation performance. Innovation Management, 12: 275-293. Product of
2. BAKER, W. E., ve Sinkula, J. M. (2009). The Complementary Effects of Market Orientation Orientation on Profitability in Small Business. Journal of Small Business Management, 443-464. Entrepreneurial
3. BAKER, W. ve Sinkula, J. (1999). Learning Orientatin, Market Orientation and Innovation: Integrating and Extending Models of Organizational Performance. Journal Management, 300-301. Focused
4. BRADY, M. K., ve Cronin, J. J. (2001). Customer Customer Service Perceptions and Outcome Behaviors. Journal of Service Research, 241-251. Effects on
5. BULUT, Ç. (2007). Stratejik Oryantasyonlar ve Firma Performansı, Doktora Tezi, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Kocaeli.
6. BULUT, Ç., Yılmaz, C. ve Alpkan, L. (2009). Pazar Oryantasyonu Boyutlarının Firma Performansına Etkileri, Ege Akademik Bakış, 513-522.
7. BULUT, Ç., Fiş, A. M., Aktan, B. ve Yılmaz, S. (2008). Kurumsal Girişimcilik: Kavramsal Yapı Üzerine Bir Tartışma, Journal of Yasar University, 3(10), 1389- 1416.
8. COVIN, J. G. ve Slevin, D. P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1): 7-25.

9. DANIŞMAN, A. ve Erkocaoğlan, E. (2007). Kurumsal girişimcilik ve firma and Its Components on
10. GÜNDAY, G., Ulusoy, G., Kılıç, K., ve Alpkan, L. (2011). Effects of Innovation Types on Firm Performance. Production Economics, 662-676. Journal of
11. HARRIS, L. C. (2001). Market Orientation and Performance: Objective and Subjective Empirical Companies. Journal of Management Studies, 38(1). From UK
12. HUGHES, M., ve Morgan, R. E. (2007). Deconstructing Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance at the Embryonic Stage of Firm Growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 651- 661. Relationship
13. İSLAMOĞLU, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
14. JAWORSKI, B. ve Kohli, A. (1993). Market Orientation: Consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57: 53-70. and
15. JEONG, I., Pae, J. H., ve Zhou, D. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of the Strategic Orientations in New Product Development: The Case of Chinese Manufacturers. Industrial Marketing Management, 348-358.
16. KHANDWALLA, P. N., (1977). The Design Organizations, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
17. LAN, Q. ve Wu, S. (2010). An empirical study of entrepreneurial orientation and degree of internationalization of small and manufacturing enterprises, Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 2(1): 53-75.
18. LEE, S. M., ve Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Global Competitiveness. Journal Of World Business, 35(4).
19. LIU, B., ve Fu, Z. (2011). Relationship Between Strategic Orientation and Organizational Performance in Born Global: A Critical Review. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3).
20. LIU, S. S., Luo, X., ve Shi, Y.-Z. (2002). Integrating Customer Entrepreneurship, and Learning Orientation in Organizations-in-Transition: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 367-382. Corporate
21. LUMPKIN, G. T., ve Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 135-172.
22. LUMPKIN, G. T., ve Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking Two Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 429-451. of Entrepreneurial
23. NALDI, L., Nordqvist, M., Sjöberg, K., ve Wiklund, J. Orientation, Risk Taking, and Performance in Family Firms. Family Business Review, 33-40. Entrepreneurial
24. NARVER, J.C. ve Slater S. F. (1990). The Effect of Market Orientation on Business Profitability, Journal of Marketing, 54(4): 20-35.
25. PELHAM, A. ve Wilson, D. (1996). A Longitudinal Study of Impact of Market Structure, Firm Structure, Strategy and Market Orientation on Dimensions of Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24: 27-43.
26. RAJALA, R. ve Westerlund, M. (2012). The effects of service orientation, technology orientation and open innovation on the performance of software-intensive service businesses. 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1532-1541.
27. RICHARD, O. C., Barnett, T., Dwyer, S., ve Chadwick, K. (2004). Cultural Diversity in Management, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Orientation Dimensions. The Academy of Management Journal, 255-266. 7