Waste Trade and the Effectiviness of the Legal Arrengements for Tranfortier Movement of Hazardous Wastes

Öz

Transfer of wastes from developed countires to developing countires has been a problem on the agenda of the international community since 1970s. This unethical practice that have emerged as a result of increase in the cost of waste management and public’s reaction to the new disposal facilities in developed countries have attracted the attention of the public due to a wide coverage of some illegal activities and accidents in the media. In response to the protests and pressures destined to prevent these types of practices, various regional and global arrangements aiming to restricting or banning the transboundary movement of wastes has been made. However, despite these  arrangements, it is seen that the international trade of wastes have been on the rise. Especially African and Asian countries where increasing amounts of electronic wastes are transported have been under a serious threat. This naturally calls the effectiveness of the legal  arrangements into question. In this context, in particular with Basel Convention leading the way, the basic legal instruments regulating waste trade are reviewed and it will be analyzed to what extent these arrangements can/will contribute to the resolution of the problem in question.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• waste trade, waste trade regulations, Basel Convention, hazardous waste, waste management.

Atık Ticareti ve Tehlikeli Atıkların Sınıtötesi Taşınımına İlişkin Hukuki Düzenlemlerin Etkinliği

Öz

Atıkların gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmekte olan ülkelere transferi 1970’lerden buyana uluslararası toplumun gündeminde olan bir sorundur. Gelişmiş ülkelerde atık yönetim maliyetlerinin yükselmesi ve yeni kurulacak bertaraf tesislerinin tepki ile karşılanması neticesinde ortaya çıkan bu etik dışı faaliyet, bir takım yası dışı olay ve kazaların medyada geniş yer bulması ile birlikte kamuoyunun dikkati çekmiştir. Bu tip faaliyetlerin engellenmesine yönelik protesto ve baskılara karşılık olarak, atıkların sınır ötesi hareketine sınırlama ya da yasaklama getiren bölgesel ve küresel nitelikte çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler oluşturulmuştur. Ancak bu düzenlemelere rağmen, tehlikeli atıkların uluslararası ticaretinin artmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir. Özellikle miktarı giderek artan elektronik atıkların yoğun bir şekilde gönderildiği Afrika ve Asya ülkeleri bu konuda ciddi bir tehdit altındadır. Bu durum doğal olarak bu alandaki yasal düzenlemelerin etkinliğini tartışılır kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Basel Sözleşmesi başta olmak üzere atık ticaretini düzenleyen temel yasal araçlar değerlendirilmekte ve bu  düzenlemelerin söz konusu sorunun çözümüne ne derece katkı sağladığı/sağlayabileceği analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• atık ticareti, atık ticaretine ilişkin düzenlemeler, Basel Sözleşmesi, tehlikeli atık, atık yönetimi

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