Araştırma Makalesi
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İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE UYUM SÜRECİNDE YAĞMUR SUYU YÖNETİM MODELİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: NİĞDE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 72 - 85, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.56629/paud.1770413

Öz

Günümüzde iklim değişikliği, yağış rejimlerinde düzensizliklere, kuraklıkların artmasına ve sıcaklık değerlerinin yükselmesine neden olarak su kaynaklarının gün geçtikçe azalmasını ve tükenme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kalmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Niğde ilinde yağmur suyunun yönetilebilmesi amacıyla yağmur suyu duyarlılığının belirlenmesi ve elde edilen duyarlılık sınıflarına dayalı peyzaj gelişim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yöntemde, yeraltı suyu beslenimi ve yüzey akış potansiyeli olmak üzere iki temel gösterge dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada göstergeler, literatürde yer alan AHP yöntemiyle uzman görüşüne dayalı olarak belirlenen ağırlık puanlar dikkate alınarak çakıştırılmış ve duyarlılık haritası elde edilmiştir. Yağmur suyu duyarlılığı açısından alanın %2,1’i (15.557 ha) çok yüksek ve yüksek, %24,3’ü (176.664 ha) orta, %73,6’sı (534.255 ha) ise düşük ve çok düşük düzeydedir. Bütünleşik değerlendirme sonucunda ortaya çıkan duyarlılık haritası, peyzaj stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde temel alınmıştır. Böylece, kentlerde sorunlara yalnızca afet anında müdahale etmek yerine, planlama sürecinde riskleri azaltan bir yaklaşım geliştirilecektir. Çalışmanın özgün yönü ise, göstergelerin ayrı ayrı değil, sistem yaklaşımıyla birlikte değerlendirilmesi ve kentin bütünleşik yağmur suyu duyarlılığının belirlenmesidir.

Proje Numarası

1919B012316922

Kaynakça

  • Ahiablame, L. M., Engel, B. A., & Chaubey, I. (2012). Effectiveness of low-impact development practices: Literature review and suggestions for future research. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223(7), 4253–4273 .
  • Anadolu Agency. (2024, July 10). Heavy rainfall adversely affected life in Niğde. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/nigdede-saganak-hayati-olumsuz-etkiledi/3271341
  • Anonymous. (1986). Urban Hydrology for Small Watershed TR-55 (Technical Release 55). United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Engineering Division, USA, 164.
  • Arnold, C. L., & Gibbons, C. J. (1996). Impervious surface coverage: the emergence of a key environmental indicator. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(2), 243–258 .
  • Ayçin, E. 2020. Çok kriterli karar verme bilgisayar uygulamalı çözümler (2nd ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Buuren, M. V. (1994). The hydrological landscape structure as a basis for network formulation: A case study for the regge catchment-NL. In H. N. Cook, A.E. and Lier (Eds.). Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Copernicus Land Monitoring Services. (2024). Digital data on land cover and settlement. Retrieved from https://land.copernicus.eu/en
  • Çelik, M. (2020). Flood event assessment in Azatlı, Niğde, Turkey based on basin morphometry using GIS. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environment, Technology and Management (ICETEM-2019).
  • Dhakal, K. P. & Chevalier, L. R. (2016). Urban stormwater governance: the need for aparadigm shift. Environmental management, 57(5), 1112-1124 .
  • Dietz, M. E. (2007). Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 186(1–4), 351–363.
  • Ebrahimian, M. (2012). Application of NRCS curve number method for runoff estimation in a watershed. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(3), 1332–1341.
  • Fletcher, T. D., Andrieu, H., & Hamel, P. (2015). Understanding, management and modelling of urban hydrology and its consequences for receiving waters: A state of the art. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 261–279. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. (2022). Geological formations. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • General Directorate of Mapping. (2024). Turkey provincial boundaries. Retrieved from https://www.harita.gov.tr/
  • General Directorate of Meteorology. (2025). 11-Month Areal Cumulative Precipitation Report for the 2025 Water Year. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Meteorology. Retrieved from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yagis-raporu.aspx?b=k
  • Güney, S. (2023). Jeolojik Geçirimlilik düzeyleri hakkında sözlü görüşme. Jeolog Serkan Güney, Niğde İl Özel İdaresi. [Kişisel görüşme].
  • Kahveci, B., & Yıldız, N. E. (2023). Yağmur suyu hasadı potansiyelinin belirlenmesi: Niğde Kenti Örneği. S. Erzurumlu (Ed.), Kentsel Tasarım Öğelerine Mimari Bakış. Bidge Yayınları. ISBN: 978-625-372-081-0
  • Karadağ, A.A. & Yıldız, K. 2013. Peyzaj Fonksiyonlarının Hendek İlçesi Örneğinde Değerlendirilmesi. Ormancılık Dergisi, 9(1), 77–96.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2017). Niğde province environmental status report 2017. Ankara: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. Retrieved from https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/son-2017-yili-nigde-ili-cevre-durum-raporu-20180717142529.pdf
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. (2022). Soil data. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, General Directorate of Meteorology. (2024). Climate bulletins (precipitation, temperature, wind, etc.). Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Mishra, S. K., & Singh, V. P. (2003). Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) methodology. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Müftüoğlu, V. (2016). Kentsel tasarım rehberlerinin peyzaj mimarlığı açısından ekolojik çerçevede irdelenmesi üzerine bir yöntem araştırması. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Esnstitüsü, 377, Ankara.
  • Niemczynowicz, J. (1999). Urban hydrology and water management–present and future challenges. Urban water, 1(1), 1-14.
  • OpenStreetMap contributors. (2024). Digital data on landscape structure (roads, water surfaces, etc.). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved from https://www.openstreetmap.org/
  • Öztürk, D., Batuk, F. ve BektaĢ, S. 2011. Determination of Land Use/Cover and Topographical/Morphological Features of River Watershed for Water Resources Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS. TABAD Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 43–47.
  • Petit-Boix, A., Sevigné-Itoiz, E., Rojas-Gutierrez, L. A., Barbassa, A. P., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2017). Floods and consequential life cycle assessment: Integrating flood damage into the environmental assessment of stormwater Best Management Practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 601-608.
  • Roy, A. H., Wenger, S. J., Fletcher, T. D., Walsh, C. J., Ladson, A. R., Shuster, W. D., … & Brown, R. R. (2014). Impediments and solutions to sustainable, watershed-scale urban stormwater management: Lessons from Australia and the United States. Environmental Management, 54(3), 444–459.
  • Shuster, W. D., Bonta, J., Thurston, H., Warnemuende, E., & Smith, D. R. (2005). Impacts of impervious surface on watershed hydrology: A review. Urban Water Journal, 2(4), 263–275.
  • Şahin, Ş., Perçin, H., Kurum, E., Uzun, O. ve Bilgili, B. C. (2014). Bölge - Alt Bölge (İl) Ölçeğinde Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Değerlendirmesi Ulusal Teknik Kılavuzu Destek Döküman 2. Müşteri Kurumların T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı ve T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Olduğu, T.C. Ankara Üniversitesinin Yürütücü Kuruluş Olduğu ve TÜBİTAK KAMAG 1007 Programı 109G074 No’lu PEYZAJ-44 Projesi Çıktısı., 590. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision, New York. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2022). Urban-Rural Population Statistics, 2022. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755
  • Yıldız, N.E. (2022). Kent Planlamada Ekolojik Başarım Göstergelerinin Kullanımı ve Süreç Modeli: Ankara Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Esnstitüsü, 234, Ankara.

DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 72 - 85, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.56629/paud.1770413

Öz

Today, climate change has led to irregularities in rainfall patterns, increased droughts and rising temperatures, resulting in the gradual depletion of water resources and the threat of their exhaustion. This study aims to determine rainwater sensitivity in Niğde Province, informing rainwater management and developing landscape development strategies based on the sensitivity classes obtained. The method considers two leading indicators: groundwater recharge and surface runoff potential. In this study, the indicators were overlaid using the AHP method, as described in the literature, taking into account the weight scores determined based on expert opinion. A sensitivity map was then obtained. In terms of rainwater sensitivity, 2.1% (15,557 ha) of the area is classified as very high and high, 24.3% (176,664 ha) as moderate, and 73.6% (534,255 ha) as low and very low. The sensitivity map derived from the integrated assessment served as the basis for developing landscape strategies. Thus, instead of intervening only during disasters, an approach that reduces risks during the planning process will be developed in cities. The original aspect of the study is that the indicators are evaluated together using a system approach rather than separately, and the city's integrated stormwater sensitivity is determined.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK 2209/A Student Research Projects Support Programme

Proje Numarası

1919B012316922

Teşekkür

This project was supported by the TÜBİTAK 2209/A Student Research Projects Support Programme within the scope of the 2023 2nd Term application [Application No: 1919B012316922]. We would like to thank TÜBİTAK for their support.

Kaynakça

  • Ahiablame, L. M., Engel, B. A., & Chaubey, I. (2012). Effectiveness of low-impact development practices: Literature review and suggestions for future research. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223(7), 4253–4273 .
  • Anadolu Agency. (2024, July 10). Heavy rainfall adversely affected life in Niğde. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/nigdede-saganak-hayati-olumsuz-etkiledi/3271341
  • Anonymous. (1986). Urban Hydrology for Small Watershed TR-55 (Technical Release 55). United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Engineering Division, USA, 164.
  • Arnold, C. L., & Gibbons, C. J. (1996). Impervious surface coverage: the emergence of a key environmental indicator. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(2), 243–258 .
  • Ayçin, E. 2020. Çok kriterli karar verme bilgisayar uygulamalı çözümler (2nd ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Buuren, M. V. (1994). The hydrological landscape structure as a basis for network formulation: A case study for the regge catchment-NL. In H. N. Cook, A.E. and Lier (Eds.). Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Copernicus Land Monitoring Services. (2024). Digital data on land cover and settlement. Retrieved from https://land.copernicus.eu/en
  • Çelik, M. (2020). Flood event assessment in Azatlı, Niğde, Turkey based on basin morphometry using GIS. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environment, Technology and Management (ICETEM-2019).
  • Dhakal, K. P. & Chevalier, L. R. (2016). Urban stormwater governance: the need for aparadigm shift. Environmental management, 57(5), 1112-1124 .
  • Dietz, M. E. (2007). Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 186(1–4), 351–363.
  • Ebrahimian, M. (2012). Application of NRCS curve number method for runoff estimation in a watershed. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(3), 1332–1341.
  • Fletcher, T. D., Andrieu, H., & Hamel, P. (2015). Understanding, management and modelling of urban hydrology and its consequences for receiving waters: A state of the art. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 261–279. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. (2022). Geological formations. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • General Directorate of Mapping. (2024). Turkey provincial boundaries. Retrieved from https://www.harita.gov.tr/
  • General Directorate of Meteorology. (2025). 11-Month Areal Cumulative Precipitation Report for the 2025 Water Year. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Meteorology. Retrieved from https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yagis-raporu.aspx?b=k
  • Güney, S. (2023). Jeolojik Geçirimlilik düzeyleri hakkında sözlü görüşme. Jeolog Serkan Güney, Niğde İl Özel İdaresi. [Kişisel görüşme].
  • Kahveci, B., & Yıldız, N. E. (2023). Yağmur suyu hasadı potansiyelinin belirlenmesi: Niğde Kenti Örneği. S. Erzurumlu (Ed.), Kentsel Tasarım Öğelerine Mimari Bakış. Bidge Yayınları. ISBN: 978-625-372-081-0
  • Karadağ, A.A. & Yıldız, K. 2013. Peyzaj Fonksiyonlarının Hendek İlçesi Örneğinde Değerlendirilmesi. Ormancılık Dergisi, 9(1), 77–96.
  • Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2017). Niğde province environmental status report 2017. Ankara: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. Retrieved from https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/son-2017-yili-nigde-ili-cevre-durum-raporu-20180717142529.pdf
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. (2022). Soil data. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, General Directorate of Meteorology. (2024). Climate bulletins (precipitation, temperature, wind, etc.). Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Mishra, S. K., & Singh, V. P. (2003). Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) methodology. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Müftüoğlu, V. (2016). Kentsel tasarım rehberlerinin peyzaj mimarlığı açısından ekolojik çerçevede irdelenmesi üzerine bir yöntem araştırması. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Esnstitüsü, 377, Ankara.
  • Niemczynowicz, J. (1999). Urban hydrology and water management–present and future challenges. Urban water, 1(1), 1-14.
  • OpenStreetMap contributors. (2024). Digital data on landscape structure (roads, water surfaces, etc.). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved from https://www.openstreetmap.org/
  • Öztürk, D., Batuk, F. ve BektaĢ, S. 2011. Determination of Land Use/Cover and Topographical/Morphological Features of River Watershed for Water Resources Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS. TABAD Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 43–47.
  • Petit-Boix, A., Sevigné-Itoiz, E., Rojas-Gutierrez, L. A., Barbassa, A. P., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2017). Floods and consequential life cycle assessment: Integrating flood damage into the environmental assessment of stormwater Best Management Practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 601-608.
  • Roy, A. H., Wenger, S. J., Fletcher, T. D., Walsh, C. J., Ladson, A. R., Shuster, W. D., … & Brown, R. R. (2014). Impediments and solutions to sustainable, watershed-scale urban stormwater management: Lessons from Australia and the United States. Environmental Management, 54(3), 444–459.
  • Shuster, W. D., Bonta, J., Thurston, H., Warnemuende, E., & Smith, D. R. (2005). Impacts of impervious surface on watershed hydrology: A review. Urban Water Journal, 2(4), 263–275.
  • Şahin, Ş., Perçin, H., Kurum, E., Uzun, O. ve Bilgili, B. C. (2014). Bölge - Alt Bölge (İl) Ölçeğinde Peyzaj Karakter Analizi ve Değerlendirmesi Ulusal Teknik Kılavuzu Destek Döküman 2. Müşteri Kurumların T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı ve T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Olduğu, T.C. Ankara Üniversitesinin Yürütücü Kuruluş Olduğu ve TÜBİTAK KAMAG 1007 Programı 109G074 No’lu PEYZAJ-44 Projesi Çıktısı., 590. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision, New York. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2022). Urban-Rural Population Statistics, 2022. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755
  • Yıldız, N.E. (2022). Kent Planlamada Ekolojik Başarım Göstergelerinin Kullanımı ve Süreç Modeli: Ankara Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Esnstitüsü, 234, Ankara.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Peyzaj Mimarlığında Arazi ve Su Kaynakları, Peyzaj Mimarlığında Bilgisayar Teknolojileri, Peyzaj Planlama
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Bozdağ 0009-0003-0715-4969

Fatma Lale Kaynak 0009-0003-0579-0152

Nuriye Ebru Yıldız 0000-0002-3508-4895

Barış Kahveci 0000-0002-8508-1748

Proje Numarası 1919B012316922
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozdağ, M., Kaynak, F. L., Yıldız, N. E., Kahveci, B. (2025). DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH AND PRACTICES (JOLARP), 7(2), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.56629/paud.1770413
AMA Bozdağ M, Kaynak FL, Yıldız NE, Kahveci B. DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE. JOLARP. Aralık 2025;7(2):72-85. doi:10.56629/paud.1770413
Chicago Bozdağ, Mustafa, Fatma Lale Kaynak, Nuriye Ebru Yıldız, ve Barış Kahveci. “DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE”. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH AND PRACTICES (JOLARP) 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 72-85. https://doi.org/10.56629/paud.1770413.
EndNote Bozdağ M, Kaynak FL, Yıldız NE, Kahveci B (01 Aralık 2025) DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH AND PRACTICES (JOLARP) 7 2 72–85.
IEEE M. Bozdağ, F. L. Kaynak, N. E. Yıldız, ve B. Kahveci, “DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE”, JOLARP, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 72–85, 2025, doi: 10.56629/paud.1770413.
ISNAD Bozdağ, Mustafa vd. “DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE”. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH AND PRACTICES (JOLARP) 7/2 (Aralık2025), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.56629/paud.1770413.
JAMA Bozdağ M, Kaynak FL, Yıldız NE, Kahveci B. DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE. JOLARP. 2025;7:72–85.
MLA Bozdağ, Mustafa vd. “DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE”. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH AND PRACTICES (JOLARP), c. 7, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 72-85, doi:10.56629/paud.1770413.
Vancouver Bozdağ M, Kaynak FL, Yıldız NE, Kahveci B. DEVELOPMENT OF A RAINWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL IN THE ADAPTATION PROCESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF NİĞDE. JOLARP. 2025;7(2):72-85.