ALMANYA’DA PEYZAJ PLANLAMANIN OLUŞUMU

Öz

Bu çalışma, Almanya planlama sistemi içinde peyzaj planlamasının tarihsel gelişimi ve değişen rolünü üç ayrı dönemde (1900-1975, 1976-2001 ve 2002-günümüz) incelemektedir. İlk dönemlerde kentleşme ve sanayileşmeye verilen tepkilerle ortaya çıkan peyzaj planlaması, zamanla doğa koruma ve mekânsal planlama ile giderek daha fazla bütünleşmiştir. Küresel sorunlar ve ihtiyaçlar bağlamında sürekli güncellenen bir yapı kapsamında koruma ve kalkınma arasındaki dengeyi sağlamayı amaçlayarak, peyzaj planlamasının etki alanı doğal kaynaklar ve çevre planlamasını da içerecek şekilde genişletmiştir. Günümüzde ise peyzaj planlaması Avrupa Birliği’nin bütünlük ve sürdürülebilirlik için geliştirdiği çevre hukuk belgelerine entegre olarak sosyal, ekolojik ve çevresel tehditleri önlemek, müdahaleleri düzenlemek, çeşitli sektörler ve planlama düzeyleri arasında iş birliğini kolaylaştırmak için önemli bir araç olarak planlamayı hem yatay ve hem de dikey yönlerde yönlendirmektedir. Planlamanın farklı düzeylerde yönetim çeşitliliği ve parçacılığına rağmen, Almanya'da peyzaj planlaması değişen ve dönüşen küresel, bölgesel ve yerel koşullara sürekli adaptasyonu, bilimsel temeli, insan-çevre etkileşimlerini yönetme ve sürdürülebilir peyzaj dönüşümüne rehberlik etme konusundaki önemli rolünü sürdürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Peyzaj planlaması
• Mekânsal planlama
• Doğa koruma
• Dayanıklılık ve adaptasyon

THE GENESIS OF LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN GERMANY

Öz

This study examines the historical development and changing role of landscape planning within the German planning system during three separate periods: 1900-1975, 1976-2001, and 2002-present. Landscape planning, which emerged as a response to the processes of urbanization and industrialization in the early modern period, has gradually evolved into a more integrated field, encompassing not only the conservation of natural environments but also spatial planning. To maintain a balance between conservation and development within a structure that is constantly being updated in the context of global issues and needs, the scope of landscape planning has been expanded to include natural resources and environmental planning. In the contemporary context, landscape planning has been incorporated into the European Union's environmental legal documents, which are designed to uphold environmental integrity and sustainability. This integration serves as a pivotal instrument for the prevention of social, ecological, and environmental threats, the regulation of interventions, and the facilitation of cooperation among diverse sectors and planning levels. It provides guidance for both horizontal and vertical planning, thereby ensuring the harmonious integration of environmental, social, and economic considerations within the planning process. Despite the diversity and fragmentation of management at different levels of planning, landscape planning in Germany continues to play an important role in adapting to changing and evolving global, regional, and local conditions. In addition, it maintains a scientific foundation, manages human-environment interactions, and guides sustainable landscape transformation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Landscape planning
• Spatial planning
• Nature conservation
• Resilience and adaptation
• Germany

Kaynakça

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