Teachers’ views on stress and internet addiction due to cultural differences

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 441 - 467, 01.08.2021

Gülşah Ezgican Kızılok Halil Özok

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.75.8.3

Cited By: 4

Öz

Technology and internet usage, which has become a common practice in almost every context, sometimes becomes a source of stress for the individuals, on the other hand, it also acts as a means of coping with stress. The adaptation process to be experienced by individuals who have participated in a new culture may form stress sources in these individuals, and this stress may lead to internet addiction. The purpose of this research is to review the stress sources of the teachers assigned in Van province of Turkey from other provinces and the relationship between the stress sources and internet addiction tendency. The research was conducted with 17 teachers working in Van province. The data of the research was collected by semi-structural interview form developed by researchers. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used in the analysis of data. As a result of the research, it was found that teachers demonstrate tendency of internet addiction through developing stress due to cultural differences, however they do not attempt to prevent it. It is suggested to detect internet addiction tendencies in teachers assigned in different cultures by research, to prevent the development of addiction behaviour by early interventions and to include teachers assigned in new cultures in cultural adaptation trainings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Culture, Stress, Internet Addiction, Problematic Internet Usage

Kaynakça

• 1. Adams, E. (1999). Vocational teacher stress and internal characteristics. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 16, 7-22.
• 2. Agai–Demjaha, T., Minov, J., Stoleski, S., & Zafirova, B. (2015). Stress causing factors among teachers in elementary schools and their relationship with demographic and job characteristics. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(3), 493.
• 3. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47–87.
• 4. Ah, Y. A., & Jeong, W. C. (2011). The mediating effect of internet addiction between academic stress and school maladjustment in adolescence. Korean Journal of Adolescents, 18, 27–50.
• 5. Akdağ, Z. (2014). Beginning early childhood education teachers’ struggles in remote areas. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 5(3), 1-13.
• 6. Altunışık, R., Çoşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S,. & Yıldırım, E. (2007), Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri, 5. Baskı, Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
• 7. Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Use of online social network sites for personal purposes at work: Does it impair self-reported performance? Comprehensive Psychology, 3, 1-11.
• 8. Arévalo, S., Prado, G., & Amaro, H. (2008). Spirituality, sense of coherence, and coping responses in women receiving treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(1), 113–123.
• 9. Arısoy, Ö. (2009). İnternet bağımlılığı ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1, 55-67.
• 10. Armstrong, L., Phillips, J. G., & Saling, L. L. (2000). Potential determinants of heavier internet usage. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53(4), 537–550.
• 11. Aygül, H. H.,& Korkmaz, U. (2018). Öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşiminde kültürel farklılıarın başarıdaki eşitsizlikleri üretmedeki etkisi (Hakkari/Yüksekova örneği). Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), 11, 807-840.
• 12. Barry, C. T., Sidot, C., Briggs", S., Reiter, S., & Lindsey, R. (2017). Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 61, 1-11.
• 13. Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383.
• 14. Bergdahl, J., & Bergdahl, M. (2002). Perceived stress in adults: Prevalence and association of depression, anxiety, and medication in a Swedish population. Stress and Health, 18, 235–241.
• 15. Block, J. J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 306–307.
• 16. Bolışık, B. & M., Karayağız, G., 2009, “Çocuk ve gençlerde internet kullanımı, TAF. Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(5),.445-450.
• 17. Brannon, L. & Feist, J. (2004). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson.
• 18. Britt, P. M. (1997). Perceptions of beginning teachers: Novice teachers reflect upon their beginning experiences. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Memphis, TN.
• 19. Bruce, B. C., & Levin, J. A. (1997). Educational technology: Media for inquiry, communication, construction, and expression. Journal of educational computing research, 17(1), 79-102.
• 20. Cantú, M., & Martínez, N. H. (2006). Problems faced by beginning teachers in private elementary schools: A comparative study between Spain and Mexico. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 8(2).
• 21. Cho, C. B. (2006). The influence of the experience of domestic violence in adolescence on internet addiction. Korean Journal of Adolescents, 13, 1–52.
• 22. Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. C. (2000). Internet Addiction, Usage, Gratification, and Pleasure Experience: The Taiwan College Students’ Case. Computers & Education, 35, 65-80.
• 23. Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2).
• 24. Demirtepe-Saygili, D. (2020). Stress, Coping, and Social Media Use. In The Psychology and Dynamics Behind Social Media Interactions, 241-267. IGI Global.
• 25. Elmes, D. (2013). The relationship between language and culture. Annals of Fitness and Sports Sciences. www2. libnifsk. ac. jp/HPBU/annals/an46/46-11. Pdf. Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2020
• 26. Erdem, C. (2017). Sınıfında mülteci öğrenci bulunan sınıf öğretmenlerinin yaşadıkları öğretimsel sorunlar ve çözüme dair önerileri. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 26-42
• 27. Erden, S., & Hatun, O. (2015). The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in coping with internet addiction: a case study. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 53–83.
• 28. Erkan, A. (2019). Impact of Using Technology on Teacher-Student Communication/Interaction: Improve Students Learning. World Journal of Education, 9(4), 30-40.
• 29. Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001.
• 30. Fantilli, R. D. (2009). A study of novice teachers: challenges and supports in the first years (Unpublished master thesis). The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
• 31. Ferguson, C. J., San Miguel, C., Garza, A., & Jerabeck, J. M. (2012). A longitudinal test of video game violence influences on dating and aggression: A 3-year longitudinal study of adolescents. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(2), 141–146.
• 32. Flora, K. (2015). İnternet addiction disorder among adolescents and young adults the picture. Retrieved from: https://pjpeu.coe.int/documents/42128013/47262046/120_chapter_10.pdf/2707f2a7-32cc-43ce-bb15-3a92b7b42f43.
• 33. Georgas, J., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Berry, J. W. (2004). The ecocultural framework, ecosocial indices, and psychological variables in cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(1), 74–96.
• 34. Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction - Time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413–418.
• 35. Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A "Components" model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197.
• 36. Gürgen, H., Kırel, Ç., Uztuğ, F., & Orhon, N. (2003). Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını, No: 1482. Birinci Baskı, Eskişehir.
• 37. Haddon, L. (2004) Cultural differences in communication: Examining patterns of everyday life. Paper for the Conference ‘Mobile Communication and Social Change’, Seoul, October
• 38. Hall. R. B. (1981) Developing Alnus for use in intensive culture. Garden City, NY. Anchor Books.
• 39. Harmsen, R., Helms-Lorenz, M., Maulana, R., & van Veen, K. (2018). The relationship between beginning teachers’ stress causes, stress responses, teaching behaviour and attrition. Teachers and Teaching, 24(6), 626–643.
• 40. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1)
• 41. Horzum, M. B. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin bilgisayar oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(59).
• 42. Hoy, W. K., & Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and the organizational health of schools. The Elementary School Journal, 93(4), 355–372
• 43. Jepson, E., & Forrest, S. (2006). Individual contributory factors in teacher stress: The role of achievement striving and occupational commitment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 183–197.
• 44. Kim, K., Lee, H., Hong, J. P., Cho, M. J., Fava, M., Mischoulon, D., … Jeon, H. J. (2017). Poor sleep quality and suicide attempt among adults with internet addiction: A nationwide community sample of Korea. PLOS ONE, 12(4), e0174619.
• 45. Kirschner, P. A. & Karpinski, A. C. (2010). Facebook® and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1237-1245.
• 46. Kırık, A. M., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A., ve Gül, M. (2015). A quantitative research on the level of social media addiction among young people in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (Intjscs), 3(3), 108-122.
• 47. Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F., Yen, C. N., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. C., & Chen, S. H. (2005). Screening for Internet Addiction: An Empirical Study on Cut-off Points for the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 21(12), 545–551.
• 48. Kozikoğlu, İ., & Senemoğlu, N. (2018). Mesleğe yeni başlayan öğretmenlerin karşılaştıkları güçlükler: Nitel bir çözümleme. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, – Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 6(3), 341-371.
• 49. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031.
• 50. Kuss, J. & Griffins, M.D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction: A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 8, 3528-3552.
• 51. Lam, L. T. (2014). Internet gaming addiction, problematic use of the internet, and sleep problems: A Systematic Review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(4).
• 52. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
• 53. Lin, S. S. J. & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 18, 411–426
• 54. Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. (2014) Annual research review: children and young people in the digital age: The nature and prevalence of risks, harmful effects, and risk and protective factors, for mobile and internet usage. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry: Annual Research Review 2014. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12197
• 55. Loton, D., Borkoles, E., Lubman, D., & Polman, R. (2015). Video Game Addiction, Engagement and Symptoms of Stress, Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Coping. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(4), 565–578.
• 56. Lundeen, C. A. (2004). Teacher development: The struggle of beginning teachers in creating moral (caring) classroom environments. Early Childhood Development and Care, 174(6), 549-564.
• 57. MacDonald, C. J. (1993). Coping with stress during the teaching practicum: The student teacher's perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research.
• 58. MacLaren V. V., Best L. A. (2010) Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors., 35, 252–255.
• 59. Matsumo, D. & Juang, L. (2007) Culture and psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
• 60. Meister, D. G., & Melnick, S. A. (2003). National new teacher study: Beginning teachers’ concerns. Action in Teacher Education, 24(4), 87-94.
• 61. Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis, 16. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• 62. Miller, K., & Zhou, X. (2007). Learning from classroom video: What makes it compelling and what makes it hard. Video research in the learning sciences, 321-334.
• 63. Moos, R. H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects, 234–257.
• 64. Mustafa, M. Y., Rose, N. N., & Ishak, A. S. (2020, April). Internet Addiction and Family Stress: Symptoms, Causes and Effects. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1529, No. 3, p. 032017). IOP Publishing.
• 65. Ngidi, D. P., & Sibaya, P. T. (2002). Black Teachers’ Personality Dimensions and Work-Related Stress Factors. South African Journal of Psychology, 32(3), 7–15.
• 66. Ögel, K. (2012). İnternet bağımlılığı. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• 67. Okasaka, Y., & Morita, N., Nakatani, Y., & Fujisawa, K. (2008). Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 84–92.
• 68. Olivier, M., & Venter, Danie. (2003). The extent and causes of stress in teachers in the George region. South African Journal of Education. 23(3), 186-192.
• 69. Ozmen, F., Akuzum, C., Zincirli, M., & Selcuk, G. (2016). The communication barriers between teachers and parents in primary schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 66, 26-46
• 70. Özpınar, M. (2008). Köyde görev yapan sınıf öğretmenlerinin sorunları. (Unpublished master thesis). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aydın.
• 71. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice, 1(3), 261–283.
• 72. Price, H. (2011). Psychology of emotions, motivations and actions internet addiction. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
• 73. Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Rab, S., Carrier, L. M. & Cheever, N. A. (2013). Is Facebook creating “iDisorders”? The link between clinical symptoms of psychiatric disorders and technology use, attitudes and anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1243–1254.
• 74. Safdar, G., Javed, M. N., & Amin, S. (2020). Use of Internet for Education Learning among Female University Students of Punjab, Pakistan. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(8), 3371-3380.
• 75. Şahi̇n, A., & Analı, K. (2019). Türkiye'nin doğu illerinde görev yapan aday sınıf öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunlar. Okuma Yazma Eğitimi Araştırmaları, 7(1), 37-50
• 76. Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress. New York: McGraw -Hill.
• 77. Semaille, P. (2009) The new types of addiction. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles, 30(22), 335–357
• 78. Şenormancı, Ö., Konkan, R. & Sungur, M. Z. (2010). İnternet bağımlılığı ve bilişsel davranışçı terapisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11, 261-268.
• 79. Serenko, A., & Turel, O. (2020). Directing technology addiction research in ınformation systems: part ı. understanding behavioral addictions. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 51(3).
• 80. Spada, M. M., Nikcˇevic´, A. V., Moneta, G. B., & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognition, perceived stress, and negative emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1172–1181.
• 81. Suh, S. U., & Lee, Y. H. (2007). The relationships between daily hassles, social support, absorption trait and internet addiction. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 391–405.
• 82. Suler, J. (2004). Computer and cyberspace addiction. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 1, 359–362.
• 83. Tavalocci, M. P., Ladner, J. Grigioni, S., Richard, L., Villet, H., & Dechelotte, P. Prevalence and association of perceived stress, substance use and behavioral addictions: a cross-sectional study among university students in France, 2009–2011. BMC Public Health, 13, 724
• 84. Tutkun-Ünal, A. (2015). Sosyal medya bağımlılığı: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma (Unpublished Doctorate Thesis). Marmara Üniversitesi.
• 85. Ungless, M. A., Argilli, E., & Bonci, A. (2010). Effects of stress and aversion on dopamine neurons: Implications for addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(2), 151–156.
• 86. Van Wyk, J. (1998). Stresbelewing by onderwysers. Ongepubliseerde DEdproefskrif. Port Elizabeth: Universiteit van Port Elizabeth.
• 87. Vannucci, A., Flannery, M. K. & Ohannessian, C. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 163-166.
• 88. Velezmoro, R., Lacefield, K., & Roberti, J. W. (2010). Perceived stress, sensation seeking, and college students’ abuse of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1526–1530.
• 89. Yang, C. K. (2001). Sociopsychiatric characteristics of adolescents who use computers to excess. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104(3), 217–222.
• 90. Yin. K. R. (2003) Case study research: design and methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• 91. Yıldırım, N., Kurtdede-Fidan, N., ve Ergün, S. (2017). A qualitative study on the difficulties experienced by novice classroom teachers. International Journal of Social Science Research, 6(2), 1-18.
• 92. Yılmaz, F. & Şekerci, H. (2016). Ana dil sorunsalı: sınıf öğretmenlerinin deneyimlerine göre ilkokul öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları sorunlar. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(1), 47-63.
• 93. Yılmaz, K., ve Tepebaş, F. (2011). İlköğretim düzeyinde sosyal bilgiler eğitiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar: Mesleğine yeni başlayan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1), 157-177.
• 94. Young K. S., & Rogers R. C. (1998). The relationship between depression and internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 25–28.
• 95. Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237–244.
• 96. Young, K. S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. Retrieved from http://netaddiction.com/articles/symptoms.pdf.
• 97. Young, K. S. (2000). Cyber-disorders: The mental health concern for the new millennium. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 3(5), 475-479.