Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 430 - 448, 01.09.2022
Niyazi Aktaş
,
Feride Karaca
Supporting Institution
Marmara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
EGT-C-YLP100216-0070
References
- Akbaba-Altun, S. (2002). Okul yöneticilerinin teknolojiye karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi [Investigating scool administrators’ attitudes towards technologies]. Çağdaş Eğitim[Modern Education], 286, 8-14.
- Aktay, S., & Çakır, R. (2018). Technology Leadership Competencies of School Administrators. Black Sea Journal, 37(37), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.361601
Anderson, R. E., & Dexter, S. (2005). School technology leadership: An empirical investigation of prevalence and effect. Educational Administration Quarterly, 41(1), 49-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X04269517
- Apsorn, A., Sisan, B., & Tungkunanan, P. (2019). Information and Communication Technology Leadership of School Administrators in Thailand. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 639-650. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12240a
- Banoğlu, K. (2011). Okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği yeterlikleri ve teknoloji koordinatörlüğü [School administrators’ technology leadership self efficacies and technology coordination]. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11(1), 199-213.
- Benedetto, R. (2006). How do independent school leaders build the educational technology leadership capacity of the school? A multi-site case study. (UMI Number: 3202751) [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation]. Drexel University, Philadelphia.
- Beytekin, O. F. (2014). High school administrators perceptions of their technology leadership preparedness. Educational Research and Reviews, 9(14), 441-446. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1858
- Bülbül, T., & Çuhadar, C. (2012). Analysis of The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Perceptions of Technology Leadership Self-Efficacy and Their Acceptance of ICT. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 1(23), 474-499.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods] (20th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Can, T. (2003). Bolu ortaögretim okullari yöneticilerinin teknolojik liderlik yeterlilikleri [Bolu Secondary School Administrators’Technology Leadership Self Efficacies]. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(3), 94-107. http://tojet.net/articles/v2i3/2312.pdf
- Cantürk, G., & Aksu, T. (2017). Technology Leadership Behaviors of School Administrators. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 6(4), 21-38. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/03.gokhan_canturk.pdf
- Cushman, E. (2016). Decolonizing validity. The Journal of Writing Assessment, 9(1).
Çakır, R. (2013). Okullarda teknoloji entegrasyonu, teknoloji liderliği ve teknoloji planlaması [Technology integration, technology leadership and technology planning in schools]. In K. Çağıltay & Y. Göktaş (Eds.), Öğretim teknolojilerinin temelleri: Teoriler, araştırmalar, eğilimler [The foundations of instructional technologies: Theories, research and trends] (397-412). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Çalık, T., Çoban, Ö., & Özdemir, N. (2019). Examination of the Relationship between School Administrators’ Technological Leadership Self-efficacy and Their Personality Treats. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 52(1), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.457346
- Dormann, M., Hinz, S., & Wittmann, E. (2019). Improving school administration through information technology? How digitalisation changes the bureaucratic features of public school administration. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(2), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741143217732793
- Eraslan, L. (2006). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1).
- Eren, E., & Kurt, A. A. (2011). Technology leadership behaviors of elementary school principals. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Usak University Social Sciences Journal], 4(2), 219-238.
- Flanagan, L., & Jacobsen, M. (2003). Technology leadership for thetwenty-first century principal. Journal of educational administration, 41(2), 124-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230310464648
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-hill.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Pearson Higher Education.
- Gençer, M. S., & Samur, Y. (2016). Leadership styles and technology: Leadership competency level of educational leaders. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.132
- Görgülü, D., Küçükali, R., & Ada, Ş. (2013). Technology leadership self efficacy of school administrators. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 3(2), 53-71.
- Gulbahar, Y., & Guven, I. (2008). A survey on ICT usage and the perceptions of social studies teachers in Turkey. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 37-51.
- Gün, F., & Çoban, Ö. (2019). Examination of school administrators’ technologic leadership self efficacy. International Journal of Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey Educational Research, 1(1), 39-48.
- Hacıfazlıoğlu, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Dalgıç, G. (2011a). School administrators’ perceptions of techology leadership: An example for metaphor analysis. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi [Educational Sciences Research Journal], 1(1), 97-117.
- Hacıfazlıoğlu, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Dalgıç, G. (2011b). Validity and Reliability Study of Technological Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale for School Administrators. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 2(2), 145-166.
- Hamzah, M. I. M., Juraime, F., & Mansor, A. N. (2016). Malaysian principals’ technology leadership practices and curriculum management. Creative Education, 7(07), 922. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.77096
- Helvacı, M. A. (2008). A Study on examinin school administrators’ attitudes towrds technology (Uşak Case). Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 41(1), 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000200
- ISTE (2009). ISTE Standarts for administrators. Available online at: https://cdn.iste.org/www-root/Libraries/Images/Standards/Download/ISTE%20Standards%20for%20Administrators%2C%202009%20(Permitted%20Educational%20Use).pdf, accessed 22 July 2020.
- İnceoğlu, M. (2011). Tutum-algı iletişim [Attitude-perception communication]. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
- Kansu, A. F., & Sayar, G. H. (2011). A review on the concepts of self-efficacy, mening of life and life engagement. Academic Journal of Uskudar University,Faculty of Communication, 1(1), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2018.1.11
- Karataş, İ. H., & Sözcü, Ö. F. (2013). Awareness, attitudes and expectations of school administrators concerning Fatih project: a situation analysis. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(47), 41-62.
- Kearsley, G., & Lynch, W. (1994). Educational leadership in the age of technology: The new skills. In Kearsley, G. & Lynch, W. (Eds.), Educational technology: leadership perspectives (1st ed., pp. 5-17). Educational Technology Publications.
- Keleş, H. N., Atay, D., & Karanfil, F. (2020). Instructional Leadership behaviors of school principals during the covid 19 pandemic process. Milli Eğitim Dergisi[Journal of National Education], 49(1), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787255
- Küçük, S., Yılmaz, R. M., Aydemir, M., Baydaş, Ö., & Göktaş, Y. (2013). Öğretim teknolojileri araştırmalarındaki yöntemsel eğilimler [Methodological trends in instructional technologies research]. In K. Çağıltay & Y. Göktaş (Eds.), Öğretim teknolojileri temelleri: Teoriler, araştırmalar, eğilimler [The foundations of instructional technologies: Theories, research and trends] (261-278). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Nathan L. Esplin, Courtney Stewart & Travis N. Thurston (2018) Technology leadership perceptions of Utah elementary school principals, Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 50:4, 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2018.1487351
- Pollock, K., & Hauseman, D. C. (2019). The use of e-mail and principals’ work: A double-edged sword. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3), 382-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2017.1398338
- Raman, A., Don, Y., & Kasim, A. (2014). The relationship between principals’ technology leadership and teachers’ technology use in Malaysian secondary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(18), 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n18p30
- Raman, A., Thannimalai, R., & Ismail, S. N.(2019). Principals’ technology leadership and its effect on teachers’ technology integration in 21st century classrooms. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12428a
- Reyes Jr, V. C. (2020). Clipped wings: School leaders’ identities in ICT-enriched education landscapes–a narrative inquiry. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 807-823. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741143220918257
- Sezer, B., & Deryakulu, D. (2012). The competencies of elementary school administrators regarding their technology leadership roles. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 2(2), 74-92.
- Sheninger, E.C. (2019). Digital Leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
- Sincar, M., & Aslan, B. (2011). Elementary teachers’ views about school administrators’ technology leadership roles. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 571-595.
- Sincar, M. (2013). Challenges school principals facing in the context of technology leadership. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), Article EJ1017245, 1273-1284. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED557326.pdf
- Şahin, C., & Demir, F. (2015). Investigating the Managing Skills Of Education Technologies Of School In Their Institutions In Age Of Change. Journal of International Social Research, 8(39), 717-725.
- Sterrett, W. L., & Richardson, J. W. (2019). The change-ready leadership of technology-savvy superintendents. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 227-242 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-09-2018-0160
- Sproule, L., & Mombourquette, C. P. (2020). How principals’ understanding of career and technology foundations influences instructional leadership decisions: An interview-based, qualitative Study. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 19(3), 346-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1554156
- Silman, F., & Simsek, H. (2009). A comparative case study on school management practices in two schools in the United States and Turkey. Compare, 39(4), 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920701603388
- Taşdemir, S. (2018). Determination of Technology leader in schools providing technology integration in education with Fatih project. Ihlara Journal Educational Research, 3(1), 1-14.
- Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills, enhanced edition: Learning for life in our times (1st ed.). Josey-Bass.
- Topcu, İ., & Ersoy, M. (2020). Eğitim yönetiminde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin görüşleri. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(1), 4930-4955. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.652611
- Turan, S. (2002). School administrators’ opinions on the use of technology in educational administration. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 30(30), 271-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10367/126894
- Ulukaya, F., Yıldırım, N., & Özeke, V. (2017). Educational administrators’ technological leadership efficacy and perceptions towards implementation levels of teaching and learning activities. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 5(10), 125-149. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.292439
- Ünal, E., Uzun, A. M., & Karataş, S. (2015). An examination of school administrators’ technology leadership self-efficacy. Croatian Journal of Education, 17(1), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v17i1.968
- Wachira, P., & Keengwe, J. (2011). Technology integration barriers: Urban school mathematics teachers perspectives. Journal of science education and technology, 20(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-010-9230-y
- Weng, C. H., & Tang, Y. (2014). The relationship between technology leadership strategies and effectiveness of school administration: An empirical study. Computers & Education, 76, 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.03.010
- Yahşi, Ö. (2020). An investigation of School administrators’ technology leadership competencies: The case of İzmir. Apjec: Academic Platform Journal of Education and Change, 3(2), 232-250.
- Yorulmaz, A., & Can, S. (2016). The technology leadership competencies of elementary and secondary school directors. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 11(1), 47-61, Article EJ1127620.
- Yu, C., & Durrington, V. A. (2006). Technology standards for school administrators: An analysis of practicing and aspiring administrators' perceived ability to perform the standards. NASSP Bulletin, 90(4), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192636506295392
The relationship between Turkish high school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies and their attitudes and competencies towards technology use in education
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 430 - 448, 01.09.2022
Niyazi Aktaş
,
Feride Karaca
Abstract
A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationship between high school administrators’ technology leadership self-efficacies and their attitudes and competencies towards technology use in education. The participants were 338 school administrators (67 administrators and 271 vice administrators) working in 112 high schools located in the Anatolian side of Istanbul and the data were collected through a questionnaire. According to the findings, the school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies were all sufficient and they had positive attitudes and sufficient competencies towards using technology. In addition, there were positive relationships between school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies, their attitudes towards the use of technology and their competencies in using technology in education. Similarly, there was a positive relationship between the attitudes and the competencies of school administrators towards using technology. Conducted with a group of school administrators, accepted as the technology leaders of the school, this study sheds light on the relationship between the necessary school administrator characteristics in technology integration processes. The present study is indeed valuable in exploring the relationship among these three critical factors influencing the school principals’ effectiveness in the technology integration process. Examining these important school administrator characteristics, this study will cast light on the ways through which creating a digital school culture by improving their leadership qualifications may become possible.
Project Number
EGT-C-YLP100216-0070
References
- Akbaba-Altun, S. (2002). Okul yöneticilerinin teknolojiye karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi [Investigating scool administrators’ attitudes towards technologies]. Çağdaş Eğitim[Modern Education], 286, 8-14.
- Aktay, S., & Çakır, R. (2018). Technology Leadership Competencies of School Administrators. Black Sea Journal, 37(37), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.361601
Anderson, R. E., & Dexter, S. (2005). School technology leadership: An empirical investigation of prevalence and effect. Educational Administration Quarterly, 41(1), 49-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X04269517
- Apsorn, A., Sisan, B., & Tungkunanan, P. (2019). Information and Communication Technology Leadership of School Administrators in Thailand. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 639-650. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12240a
- Banoğlu, K. (2011). Okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği yeterlikleri ve teknoloji koordinatörlüğü [School administrators’ technology leadership self efficacies and technology coordination]. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11(1), 199-213.
- Benedetto, R. (2006). How do independent school leaders build the educational technology leadership capacity of the school? A multi-site case study. (UMI Number: 3202751) [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation]. Drexel University, Philadelphia.
- Beytekin, O. F. (2014). High school administrators perceptions of their technology leadership preparedness. Educational Research and Reviews, 9(14), 441-446. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1858
- Bülbül, T., & Çuhadar, C. (2012). Analysis of The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Perceptions of Technology Leadership Self-Efficacy and Their Acceptance of ICT. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 1(23), 474-499.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods] (20th ed.). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Can, T. (2003). Bolu ortaögretim okullari yöneticilerinin teknolojik liderlik yeterlilikleri [Bolu Secondary School Administrators’Technology Leadership Self Efficacies]. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(3), 94-107. http://tojet.net/articles/v2i3/2312.pdf
- Cantürk, G., & Aksu, T. (2017). Technology Leadership Behaviors of School Administrators. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 6(4), 21-38. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/03.gokhan_canturk.pdf
- Cushman, E. (2016). Decolonizing validity. The Journal of Writing Assessment, 9(1).
Çakır, R. (2013). Okullarda teknoloji entegrasyonu, teknoloji liderliği ve teknoloji planlaması [Technology integration, technology leadership and technology planning in schools]. In K. Çağıltay & Y. Göktaş (Eds.), Öğretim teknolojilerinin temelleri: Teoriler, araştırmalar, eğilimler [The foundations of instructional technologies: Theories, research and trends] (397-412). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Çalık, T., Çoban, Ö., & Özdemir, N. (2019). Examination of the Relationship between School Administrators’ Technological Leadership Self-efficacy and Their Personality Treats. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 52(1), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.457346
- Dormann, M., Hinz, S., & Wittmann, E. (2019). Improving school administration through information technology? How digitalisation changes the bureaucratic features of public school administration. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(2), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741143217732793
- Eraslan, L. (2006). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1).
- Eren, E., & Kurt, A. A. (2011). Technology leadership behaviors of elementary school principals. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Usak University Social Sciences Journal], 4(2), 219-238.
- Flanagan, L., & Jacobsen, M. (2003). Technology leadership for thetwenty-first century principal. Journal of educational administration, 41(2), 124-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230310464648
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-hill.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. Pearson Higher Education.
- Gençer, M. S., & Samur, Y. (2016). Leadership styles and technology: Leadership competency level of educational leaders. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.132
- Görgülü, D., Küçükali, R., & Ada, Ş. (2013). Technology leadership self efficacy of school administrators. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 3(2), 53-71.
- Gulbahar, Y., & Guven, I. (2008). A survey on ICT usage and the perceptions of social studies teachers in Turkey. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 37-51.
- Gün, F., & Çoban, Ö. (2019). Examination of school administrators’ technologic leadership self efficacy. International Journal of Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey Educational Research, 1(1), 39-48.
- Hacıfazlıoğlu, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Dalgıç, G. (2011a). School administrators’ perceptions of techology leadership: An example for metaphor analysis. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi [Educational Sciences Research Journal], 1(1), 97-117.
- Hacıfazlıoğlu, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Dalgıç, G. (2011b). Validity and Reliability Study of Technological Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale for School Administrators. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 2(2), 145-166.
- Hamzah, M. I. M., Juraime, F., & Mansor, A. N. (2016). Malaysian principals’ technology leadership practices and curriculum management. Creative Education, 7(07), 922. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.77096
- Helvacı, M. A. (2008). A Study on examinin school administrators’ attitudes towrds technology (Uşak Case). Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 41(1), 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000200
- ISTE (2009). ISTE Standarts for administrators. Available online at: https://cdn.iste.org/www-root/Libraries/Images/Standards/Download/ISTE%20Standards%20for%20Administrators%2C%202009%20(Permitted%20Educational%20Use).pdf, accessed 22 July 2020.
- İnceoğlu, M. (2011). Tutum-algı iletişim [Attitude-perception communication]. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
- Kansu, A. F., & Sayar, G. H. (2011). A review on the concepts of self-efficacy, mening of life and life engagement. Academic Journal of Uskudar University,Faculty of Communication, 1(1), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2018.1.11
- Karataş, İ. H., & Sözcü, Ö. F. (2013). Awareness, attitudes and expectations of school administrators concerning Fatih project: a situation analysis. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(47), 41-62.
- Kearsley, G., & Lynch, W. (1994). Educational leadership in the age of technology: The new skills. In Kearsley, G. & Lynch, W. (Eds.), Educational technology: leadership perspectives (1st ed., pp. 5-17). Educational Technology Publications.
- Keleş, H. N., Atay, D., & Karanfil, F. (2020). Instructional Leadership behaviors of school principals during the covid 19 pandemic process. Milli Eğitim Dergisi[Journal of National Education], 49(1), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787255
- Küçük, S., Yılmaz, R. M., Aydemir, M., Baydaş, Ö., & Göktaş, Y. (2013). Öğretim teknolojileri araştırmalarındaki yöntemsel eğilimler [Methodological trends in instructional technologies research]. In K. Çağıltay & Y. Göktaş (Eds.), Öğretim teknolojileri temelleri: Teoriler, araştırmalar, eğilimler [The foundations of instructional technologies: Theories, research and trends] (261-278). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
- Nathan L. Esplin, Courtney Stewart & Travis N. Thurston (2018) Technology leadership perceptions of Utah elementary school principals, Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 50:4, 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2018.1487351
- Pollock, K., & Hauseman, D. C. (2019). The use of e-mail and principals’ work: A double-edged sword. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3), 382-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2017.1398338
- Raman, A., Don, Y., & Kasim, A. (2014). The relationship between principals’ technology leadership and teachers’ technology use in Malaysian secondary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(18), 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n18p30
- Raman, A., Thannimalai, R., & Ismail, S. N.(2019). Principals’ technology leadership and its effect on teachers’ technology integration in 21st century classrooms. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12428a
- Reyes Jr, V. C. (2020). Clipped wings: School leaders’ identities in ICT-enriched education landscapes–a narrative inquiry. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 807-823. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741143220918257
- Sezer, B., & Deryakulu, D. (2012). The competencies of elementary school administrators regarding their technology leadership roles. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 2(2), 74-92.
- Sheninger, E.C. (2019). Digital Leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
- Sincar, M., & Aslan, B. (2011). Elementary teachers’ views about school administrators’ technology leadership roles. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 571-595.
- Sincar, M. (2013). Challenges school principals facing in the context of technology leadership. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), Article EJ1017245, 1273-1284. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED557326.pdf
- Şahin, C., & Demir, F. (2015). Investigating the Managing Skills Of Education Technologies Of School In Their Institutions In Age Of Change. Journal of International Social Research, 8(39), 717-725.
- Sterrett, W. L., & Richardson, J. W. (2019). The change-ready leadership of technology-savvy superintendents. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 227-242 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-09-2018-0160
- Sproule, L., & Mombourquette, C. P. (2020). How principals’ understanding of career and technology foundations influences instructional leadership decisions: An interview-based, qualitative Study. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 19(3), 346-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2018.1554156
- Silman, F., & Simsek, H. (2009). A comparative case study on school management practices in two schools in the United States and Turkey. Compare, 39(4), 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920701603388
- Taşdemir, S. (2018). Determination of Technology leader in schools providing technology integration in education with Fatih project. Ihlara Journal Educational Research, 3(1), 1-14.
- Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills, enhanced edition: Learning for life in our times (1st ed.). Josey-Bass.
- Topcu, İ., & Ersoy, M. (2020). Eğitim yönetiminde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin görüşleri. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(1), 4930-4955. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.652611
- Turan, S. (2002). School administrators’ opinions on the use of technology in educational administration. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 30(30), 271-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10367/126894
- Ulukaya, F., Yıldırım, N., & Özeke, V. (2017). Educational administrators’ technological leadership efficacy and perceptions towards implementation levels of teaching and learning activities. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 5(10), 125-149. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.292439
- Ünal, E., Uzun, A. M., & Karataş, S. (2015). An examination of school administrators’ technology leadership self-efficacy. Croatian Journal of Education, 17(1), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v17i1.968
- Wachira, P., & Keengwe, J. (2011). Technology integration barriers: Urban school mathematics teachers perspectives. Journal of science education and technology, 20(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-010-9230-y
- Weng, C. H., & Tang, Y. (2014). The relationship between technology leadership strategies and effectiveness of school administration: An empirical study. Computers & Education, 76, 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.03.010
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