Research Article
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The Mediating Role of Teachers’ Attitudes toward Instructional Supervision in the Association between Instructional Supervisory Practice and Teachers’ Job Performance

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 212 - 229, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.27.11.2

Abstract

The school needs to pay instructional supervision considerable attention to implement better teaching-learning procedures that will result in a more effective education. These procedures ought to remain democratic and cooperative. The attitude of the teachers toward supervision influences the outcomes of the supervision process. Therefore, in the context of secondary schools in Ethiopia's Dembecha area, this study sought to explore the mediating effect of teacher attitude to instructional supervision in the relationship between job performance and instructional supervisory practice. A mixed research design that was convergent parallel was utilized. Using comprehensive sampling, all four principals, two secondary school supervisors, and three hundred teachers participated in the study. Consequently, the study discovered that although teachers' work performance was at a moderate level, the status of instructional supervisory practice and their attitudes about it were at a low level. There were positive, significant, and moderate levels of correlation between instructional supervisory practice, teachers' attitudes toward instructional supervision, and teachers' job performance. Finally, the study revealed that teachers' attitude toward instructional supervision has a mediating impact on the association between instructional supervisory practice and job performance. In terms of practical applications, this study supports educators and school administrators in recognizing the benefits and drawbacks of instructional supervision and in implementing corrective actions to address the issues secondary schools encounter. Secondary schools’ instructional supervision practices need to be improved further to be widely accepted by teachers and put into practice.

References

  • Abdissa, G. (2019). Assessment of the practice of school-based instructional supervision and its determinants in government primary schools of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University
  • Acheson, K. A. (1987). Techniques in the clinical supervision of teachers: perspectives and applications. New York: Allyn and Bacon
  • Addis Standard (2023). News: National school leaving exam results shock many as only 3.3% of students score above 50 % University entrance mark. Retrieved from News: National school leaving exam results shock many as only 3.3% of students score above 50 % Uni entrance mark - Addis Standard.
  • Aldaihani, S. G. (2017). Effect of prevalent supervisory styles on teaching performance in Kuwaiti high schools. Asian Social Science, 13(4), 25–36.
  • Ampofo, S. Y., Onyango, G. A., & Ogola, M. (2019). Influence of school heads' direct supervision on teacher role performance in public senior high schools, Central region, Ghana. IAFOR Journal of Education, 7(2), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.7.2.01
  • Arnold, R.D., & Wade, J.P. (2015). A definition of systems thinking: Systems approach. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273894661
  • Assefa, B. (2016). Instructional supervision in government secondary schools in the Borana zone. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University
  • Ayandoja, A. C., Aina, B. C., & Idowu, A. F. (2017). Academic supervision as a correlate of students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 4(1), 8–13
  • Beach, M. & Reinhartz, B. (1989).Supervision: Focus in instruction. New York: Beach Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Bekuretsion, H.A. (2014). An investigation into the principal's instructional role: A case of four secondary schools in southern nations, nationalities, and people's region, Ethiopia. South Africa: University of South Africa
  • Berhanu, K. Z. (2023a). Practices, challenges, and prospects of implementing school-based management (SBM) system in Ethiopian schools: Implications for policymakers. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 8(2), 465-504. https://doi.org/10.30828/ real.1275282
  • Berhanu, K.Z. (2023b) Mediating role of job satisfaction on the relation between staff development and performance, Cogent Education, 10(1), 2207408, DOI: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2207408.
  • Berhe, F.M. (2020). Practices and challenges of instructional supervision in government secondary schools of Arada sub-city, Addis Ababa city. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Bertalanffy, L. V. (1968). General systems theory; Foundations, development, and applications. New York: George Braziller Inc.
  • Borich, G. D. (2008). Observation skills for effective teaching. USA; Prentice Hall.
  • Carpenter, S. (2018). Ten Steps in scale development and reporting: A guide for researchers. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
  • Fashiku, C.O., 2016. Leaders’ communication pattern: A predictor of lecturers’ job performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 4(2): 103-126.Available at: https://doi.org/10.17583/ijelm.2016.1848.
  • Field, A.(2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third Edition). London: Sage
  • Glatthorn, A.A. (2007). Co-Operative Professional Development Peer Centered Options Teacher Growth.New York: Educational Leadership.
  • Hafsat, A.B., Tengku ,F.T.A., & Hasniza, B.N. (2020). The effectiveness of teachers in Nigerian secondary schools: the role of instructional leadership of principals, International Journal of Leadership in Education. DOI: 10.1080/13603124.2020.1811899
  • Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.224
  • Hoque, K. E., Bt Kenayathulla, H. B., Subramaniam, O., & Islam, R. (2020). Relationships between supervision and teachers’ performance and attitude in secondary schools in Malaysia. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925501
  • Igartua, J.-J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, E49. doi:10.1017/SJP.2021.46
  • In Secondary schools of West Arsi Province (Unpublished Masters of Arts thesis). Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Irfan, A. (2018). Supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dan kompensasi dalam kinerja mengajar guru [academic supervision of principals and compensation in teacher teaching performance]. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan , 25 (2). 264- 274. DOI: 10.17509/jap.v25i2.15641
  • Jhonson, D.W & Jonson, F.P.( 2002). Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills (7thed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
  • Kartini, D., Kristiawan, M., Fitria, H., Negeri, S., & Sugihan, M. (2020). The influence of principal’s leadership, academic supervision, and professional competence toward teachers’ performance. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 20(1), 156-164. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (ijpsat.org)
  • Kayaoglu, M. N. (2012). Dictating or facilitating: The supervisory process for language teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(10), 103–117.
  • Kholid, I., & Rohmatika, R. V. (2019). Integrated clinical supervision model: Efforts to increase teacher’s performance of Madrasah Aliyah. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155, 012091.
  • Khun-inkeeree, H., Dali, P. D., Daud, Y., Fauzee, M. S. O., & Khalid, R. (2019). Effects of teaching and learning supervision on teachers attitudes to supervision at secondary school in Kubang Pasu District, Kedah. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1335–1350. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12185a.
  • Kutsyuruba, B. (2003). Instructional supervision: perceptions of Canadian and Ukrainian beginning high-school teachers. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan
  • Lindlof, T. R. & Taylor, B. C. (2002).Qualitative communication research methods (2nd ed) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Ma, X., & Marion, R. (2019). Exploring how instructional leadership affects teacher efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-20. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1741143219888742.
  • Maponya, T. J. (2020). The Instructional leadership role of the school principal on learners' academic achievement. African Educational Research Journal, 8(2), 183-193. DOI: 10.30918/AERJ.82.20.042
  • Mensah, E. & Boakye-Yiadom, M.. (2019). Assessment of instructional supervision practices at efutu circuit in the cape coast metropolis. Journal of Education and Practice, 10 (31). DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-31-04
  • Million, M.. (2008). An assessment on the Status of School-based instructional Supervision in Secondary Schools of West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region. Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University.
  • MoE (2010).ESDP IV Version 1 for internal discussion. Addis Ababa: FDRE Ministry of Education of Ethiopia.
  • MoE. (2017). Ethiopian Education Development Roadmap (2017-30). An integrated Executive Summary. Addis Ababa: FDRE Ministry of Education of Ethiopia.
  • Mwaniki, S. & Itegi, F.& Njuguna, F.. (2018). Teachers' perceptions towards instructional supervisory competences of educational quality assurance and standards officers. Journal of Education and Practice, 9,8,94-103. http://www.iiste.org/
  • Robinson, V., Lloyd, C. & Rowe, K. (2008). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the different effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly,44(5). DOI: 10.1177/0013161X08321509
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Senbeta, D.B.(2019).The practice and challenges of school based instructional supervision in government elementary schools of Bishoftu town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Setyaningsih, S., & Suchyadi, Y. (2021). Implementation of principal academic supervision to improve teacher performance in North Bogor. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 5(2), 179-183.
  • Sharma, S., Yusoff, M., Kannan, S., & Binti Baba, S. (2011). Concerns of teachers and principals on instructional supervision in three Asian Countries. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(3), 214–217.
  • Shava, G.N.., Heystek, J.., & Chasara, T. (2021). Instructional leadership: it’s role in sustaining school improvement in South African Schools. International Journal of Social Learning, 1(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v1i2.51
  • Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J. (2007). Supervision that improves teaching: Strategies and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press Inc.
  • UNESCO, (2007). Reforming school supervision for quality improvement. Germany: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning
  • Zeh, S. (2021). The private side of transforming our world – UN sustainable development goals 2030 and the role of private international law. UK:Intersentia Ltd
  • Zepeda, S. J. (2007). Instructional supervision applying tools and concepts. New York: Eye
  • Zhang, S., Bowers, A. J., & Mao, Y. (2021). Authentic leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of interpersonal trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 212 - 229, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.27.11.2

Abstract

References

  • Abdissa, G. (2019). Assessment of the practice of school-based instructional supervision and its determinants in government primary schools of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University
  • Acheson, K. A. (1987). Techniques in the clinical supervision of teachers: perspectives and applications. New York: Allyn and Bacon
  • Addis Standard (2023). News: National school leaving exam results shock many as only 3.3% of students score above 50 % University entrance mark. Retrieved from News: National school leaving exam results shock many as only 3.3% of students score above 50 % Uni entrance mark - Addis Standard.
  • Aldaihani, S. G. (2017). Effect of prevalent supervisory styles on teaching performance in Kuwaiti high schools. Asian Social Science, 13(4), 25–36.
  • Ampofo, S. Y., Onyango, G. A., & Ogola, M. (2019). Influence of school heads' direct supervision on teacher role performance in public senior high schools, Central region, Ghana. IAFOR Journal of Education, 7(2), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.7.2.01
  • Arnold, R.D., & Wade, J.P. (2015). A definition of systems thinking: Systems approach. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273894661
  • Assefa, B. (2016). Instructional supervision in government secondary schools in the Borana zone. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University
  • Ayandoja, A. C., Aina, B. C., & Idowu, A. F. (2017). Academic supervision as a correlate of students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 4(1), 8–13
  • Beach, M. & Reinhartz, B. (1989).Supervision: Focus in instruction. New York: Beach Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Bekuretsion, H.A. (2014). An investigation into the principal's instructional role: A case of four secondary schools in southern nations, nationalities, and people's region, Ethiopia. South Africa: University of South Africa
  • Berhanu, K. Z. (2023a). Practices, challenges, and prospects of implementing school-based management (SBM) system in Ethiopian schools: Implications for policymakers. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 8(2), 465-504. https://doi.org/10.30828/ real.1275282
  • Berhanu, K.Z. (2023b) Mediating role of job satisfaction on the relation between staff development and performance, Cogent Education, 10(1), 2207408, DOI: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2207408.
  • Berhe, F.M. (2020). Practices and challenges of instructional supervision in government secondary schools of Arada sub-city, Addis Ababa city. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Bertalanffy, L. V. (1968). General systems theory; Foundations, development, and applications. New York: George Braziller Inc.
  • Borich, G. D. (2008). Observation skills for effective teaching. USA; Prentice Hall.
  • Carpenter, S. (2018). Ten Steps in scale development and reporting: A guide for researchers. Communication Methods and Measures, 12(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
  • Fashiku, C.O., 2016. Leaders’ communication pattern: A predictor of lecturers’ job performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 4(2): 103-126.Available at: https://doi.org/10.17583/ijelm.2016.1848.
  • Field, A.(2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third Edition). London: Sage
  • Glatthorn, A.A. (2007). Co-Operative Professional Development Peer Centered Options Teacher Growth.New York: Educational Leadership.
  • Hafsat, A.B., Tengku ,F.T.A., & Hasniza, B.N. (2020). The effectiveness of teachers in Nigerian secondary schools: the role of instructional leadership of principals, International Journal of Leadership in Education. DOI: 10.1080/13603124.2020.1811899
  • Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.224
  • Hoque, K. E., Bt Kenayathulla, H. B., Subramaniam, O., & Islam, R. (2020). Relationships between supervision and teachers’ performance and attitude in secondary schools in Malaysia. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925501
  • Igartua, J.-J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, E49. doi:10.1017/SJP.2021.46
  • In Secondary schools of West Arsi Province (Unpublished Masters of Arts thesis). Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Irfan, A. (2018). Supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dan kompensasi dalam kinerja mengajar guru [academic supervision of principals and compensation in teacher teaching performance]. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan , 25 (2). 264- 274. DOI: 10.17509/jap.v25i2.15641
  • Jhonson, D.W & Jonson, F.P.( 2002). Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills (7thed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
  • Kartini, D., Kristiawan, M., Fitria, H., Negeri, S., & Sugihan, M. (2020). The influence of principal’s leadership, academic supervision, and professional competence toward teachers’ performance. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 20(1), 156-164. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (ijpsat.org)
  • Kayaoglu, M. N. (2012). Dictating or facilitating: The supervisory process for language teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(10), 103–117.
  • Kholid, I., & Rohmatika, R. V. (2019). Integrated clinical supervision model: Efforts to increase teacher’s performance of Madrasah Aliyah. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155, 012091.
  • Khun-inkeeree, H., Dali, P. D., Daud, Y., Fauzee, M. S. O., & Khalid, R. (2019). Effects of teaching and learning supervision on teachers attitudes to supervision at secondary school in Kubang Pasu District, Kedah. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1335–1350. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12185a.
  • Kutsyuruba, B. (2003). Instructional supervision: perceptions of Canadian and Ukrainian beginning high-school teachers. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan
  • Lindlof, T. R. & Taylor, B. C. (2002).Qualitative communication research methods (2nd ed) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Ma, X., & Marion, R. (2019). Exploring how instructional leadership affects teacher efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1-20. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1741143219888742.
  • Maponya, T. J. (2020). The Instructional leadership role of the school principal on learners' academic achievement. African Educational Research Journal, 8(2), 183-193. DOI: 10.30918/AERJ.82.20.042
  • Mensah, E. & Boakye-Yiadom, M.. (2019). Assessment of instructional supervision practices at efutu circuit in the cape coast metropolis. Journal of Education and Practice, 10 (31). DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-31-04
  • Million, M.. (2008). An assessment on the Status of School-based instructional Supervision in Secondary Schools of West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region. Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University.
  • MoE (2010).ESDP IV Version 1 for internal discussion. Addis Ababa: FDRE Ministry of Education of Ethiopia.
  • MoE. (2017). Ethiopian Education Development Roadmap (2017-30). An integrated Executive Summary. Addis Ababa: FDRE Ministry of Education of Ethiopia.
  • Mwaniki, S. & Itegi, F.& Njuguna, F.. (2018). Teachers' perceptions towards instructional supervisory competences of educational quality assurance and standards officers. Journal of Education and Practice, 9,8,94-103. http://www.iiste.org/
  • Robinson, V., Lloyd, C. & Rowe, K. (2008). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the different effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly,44(5). DOI: 10.1177/0013161X08321509
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Senbeta, D.B.(2019).The practice and challenges of school based instructional supervision in government elementary schools of Bishoftu town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.
  • Setyaningsih, S., & Suchyadi, Y. (2021). Implementation of principal academic supervision to improve teacher performance in North Bogor. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 5(2), 179-183.
  • Sharma, S., Yusoff, M., Kannan, S., & Binti Baba, S. (2011). Concerns of teachers and principals on instructional supervision in three Asian Countries. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(3), 214–217.
  • Shava, G.N.., Heystek, J.., & Chasara, T. (2021). Instructional leadership: it’s role in sustaining school improvement in South African Schools. International Journal of Social Learning, 1(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v1i2.51
  • Sullivan, S. & Glanz, J. (2007). Supervision that improves teaching: Strategies and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press Inc.
  • UNESCO, (2007). Reforming school supervision for quality improvement. Germany: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning
  • Zeh, S. (2021). The private side of transforming our world – UN sustainable development goals 2030 and the role of private international law. UK:Intersentia Ltd
  • Zepeda, S. J. (2007). Instructional supervision applying tools and concepts. New York: Eye
  • Zhang, S., Bowers, A. J., & Mao, Y. (2021). Authentic leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of interpersonal trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Educational Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kelemu Zelalem Berhanu 0000-0001-5397-8780

Early Pub Date March 3, 2024
Publication Date March 1, 2024
Submission Date November 21, 2023
Acceptance Date January 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Berhanu, K. Z. (2024). The Mediating Role of Teachers’ Attitudes toward Instructional Supervision in the Association between Instructional Supervisory Practice and Teachers’ Job Performance. Participatory Educational Research, 11(2), 212-229. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.27.11.2