Investigation of Happiness Levels of Physical Education and Sports College Students

Abstract

This study aims to examine the happiness levels of physical education and sports college students studying in Konya, Burdur, and Ankara. A total of 229 students, 64.6% female, and 35.4% male, participated in the study in the 2019-2020 academic year. The "Oxford Happiness Scale" developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) and adapted into Turkish by Doğan and Çötok (2011) was used as a data collection tool in the study. Percentage distribution and frequency values of the students participating in the study were determined by descriptive statistics and skewness and kurtosis test was applied as the normality test. Due to the normal distribution of the data, the independent samples t-test and ANOVA test, which are parametric tests, were applied (α = 0.05). According to the findings obtained in the research; In the comparison made between the genders of the students, a significant difference was observed between the groups in favor of female. In the comparison made according to the age variable of the students, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of 19-year-old students. It was found that there is a significant difference in the comparison made between the sports purposes of the students. Another finding is that there is a significant difference between students' living a healthy life variable and their level of happiness. However, in the comparisons made according to the social life variable of the students, it was found that there was no significant difference between the groups. As a result, it has been determined that the happiness levels of physical education and sports college students are significantly effective according to their goals of engaging in sports.

Keywords

• Sport sciences
• physical education
• happiness
• students
• sport

Kaynakça

1. Acun, I. (2018). Human rights and democracy education. Pegem Academy Publishing.
2. Agid, O., McDonald, K., Siu, C., Tsoutsoulas, C., Wass, C., Zipursky, R. B., Foussias, G., & Remington, G. (2012). Happiness in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 141(1), 98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.07.012.
3. Aksoy, B. A., Aytar, G. A., & Kaytez, N. (2017). Analysis of the happiness and humility levels of the university, students in accordance with some variables. Kastamonu Education Journal, 25(3), 1119- 1132.
4. Annas, J. (1993). The morality of happiness. Oxford University Press, New York. Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An international perspective, 189–203.
5. Arslantaş, D., Metintaş, S., Ünsal, A., & Kalyoncu, C. (2006). Qualty of life among elderly people living in Mahmudiye-Eskişehir. Journal of Osmangazi Medical, 28(2), 81-89.
6. Biçer, T. (2016). From heart to mind questions. 1st ed., Beyaz Publications, İstanbul, 130-131. Blanchflower, G. D., & Oswald, J. A. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of Public Economics, 88(7-8), 1359–1386.
7. Carr, A. (2016). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths. (Translated: Şendilek, Ü.). İstanbul, Kaknüs.
8. Conceicao, P., & Bandura, R. (2008). Measuring subjective well-being: A summary review of the literature. United nations development programme (UNDP), New York.

9. Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406.
10. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-75.
11. Diener, E., Gohm, L. C., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Similarity of the relations between marital status and subjective well-being across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(4), 419-436.
12. Diener, E., Suh, M. E., Lucas, E. R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
13. Doğan, T., & Çötok, N. A. (2011). Adaptation of the short form of the oxford happiness questionnaire into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(36), 165-172.
14. Eroğlu, F., & Parlar, H. (2018). Examining on the effects of well-being psychological parental attitude in marital women and male. İstanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(33), 89-101.
15. Eryılmaz, A. (2011). Investigating adolescents’ subjective well-being with respect to using subjective wellbeing increasing strategies and determining life goals. Thinking man: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 24, 44-51.
16. Frey, B., & Stutzer, A. (2002). What can economists learn from happiness research?, Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 402-435. https://people.ucsc.edu/~jhgonzal/100a/files/0-150.pdf
17. Gilman, R., Huebner, E. S., & Laughlın, J. E. (2000). A first study of the multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale with adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 52(2), 135-160.
18. Gökberk, M. (1996). History of Philosophy. İstanbul: Remzi.
19. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The oxford happiness questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 33(7), 1073–1082.
20. Kara, M. M. (2010). The relation of job satisfaction with happiness and success level. Master Thesis, Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Busıness, İstanbul.
21. Karasar, N. (2005). Scientific research method. 15. ed., Ankara: Nobel Publishing Distribution.
22. Kat, H. (2009). The comparison of the individual sports athletes and team sports athletes’ skills to solve the problems and the stress levels. Master Thesis, Erciyes University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kayseri.
23. Kaya, M. (1983). Aristoteles philosophy. İstanbul: Ekin Yayınları.
24. Koludar, S. (1988). Principles of coaching and education in football. Ankara: Turkish History Association Press.
25. Koydemir, S., & Mısır, S. (2015). Self-construals and happiness: An experimental priming study. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 5(44), 49-60.
26. Lama, D., & Cutler, H. C. (2009). The art of happiness: A handbook for living. New York: Riverhead Books. http://en.bookfi.net/book/1513600
27. Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: lessons from a new science. London: Penguin Books.
28. Lloyd, K., & Little, D. E. (2010). Self-determination theory as a framework for understanding women's psychological well-being outcomes from leisure-time physical activity. Leisure Sciences, 32(4), 369– 385. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2010.488603.
29. Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness. New York: Penguin Press, 22. http://en.bookfi.net/book/1080365
30. Mochon, D., Norton, M., & Arıely, D. (2008). Getting off the hedonic treadmill, one step at a time: The impact of regular religious practice and exercise on well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(5), 632-642. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2007.10.004.
31. Mumcu, N. (2019). Determination of stress and happiness levels of physical education students with and without active sports. Master Thesis, Hitit University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Çorum, 28-53.
32. Myers, G. D., & Diener, E. (1995). Who Is Happy?. Psychological Science, 6(1), 10–19.
33. Okçu, D., & Pilatin, U. (2018). Evaluation of perception of secondary school students about the value of patience. Batman University Refereed Journal of Islamic Sciences Faculty, 2(1), 102-113.
34. Özdemir, N., Esenkaya, A., Ulukan, H., & Ulukan, M. (2018). The Investigation of the relationship between the school of physical education and sports students’ risk-taking and happiness levels, IV. International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies, Abstract Book, France, 176-177.
35. Özgen, M. K. (1997). Happiness and moral relation in Farabi. İstanbul: Insan. Rascıute, S., & Downward, P. (2010). Health or happiness? What is the impact of physical activity on the individual? Kyklos, 63, 256-270.
36. Şahan, H., Akpınar S., Ulukan, M., & Akpınar, Ö. (2008). The role of communication technology in the relation of sports and media. Niğde University Journal of Physical and Sports Sciences, 2(2), 155-163.
37. Sarıçam, H., & Canatan, A. (2015). The adaptation, validation, reliability process of the Turkish version orientations to happiness scale. University Park Bülten, 4(1-2), 7-15.
38. Seligman, M. (2002). Authentic happiness. (Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc). New York: The Free Press, 45. Access: http://en.bookfi.net/book/1275307
39. Sevindik, D. (2015). The relationship between and happiness of middle age. Master Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University, Institute of Social Sciences, Isparta.
40. Stein, S.J., & Book, H. E. (2003). EQ secret of emotional intelligence and success. (the original work was published in 2000). (Translated: Işık, M.), Ozgur Publisher, İstanbul, 239.
41. Tan, J. S., Tambyah, K. S., & Kau, K. A. (2006). The ınfluence of value orientations and demographics on quality of life perceptions: evidence from a national survey of Singaporeans. Social Indicators Research, 78(1), 33–59.
42. Tiryaki, Ş., & Gödelek, E. (1997). Adaptation for Turkish athletes of sports-specific success motivation scale. I. International Sports Psychology Symposium Proceeding Booklet, Bagırgan Publisher, 128-141.
43. Tuzgöl, D. M. (2004). Well-being levels of university students. Ph.D. Thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
44. Uslu, B. N. (2018). Happiness ethics in Aristotle and Al-Farabi. Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 469-480.
45. Varış, F., Gürkan, T., Gözütok, D., Pektaş, S., Babadoğan, C., & Gürbüztürk, O. (1998). Introduction to educational science. İstanbul: Alkım Publishing.
46. Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative? Social Indicators Research, 24(1), 1-34. Access: https://personal.eur.nl/veenhoven/Pub1980s/89f-full.pdf
47. Veenhoven, R. (2000). Freedom and happiness: a comparative study in forty-four nations in the early 1990s. Culture and Subjective Well-Being, 3, 257-288.
48. Veenhoven, R. (2000). The four qualities of life: Ordering concepts and measures of the good life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1(1), 1-39.
49. Wood, W., Rhodes, N,. & Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
50. Yazgeç, G. (2019). Analyzing the relationship between leisure satisfaction and happiness levels of participants of nature and adventure recreation activities. Master Thesis, Manisa Celal Bayer University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Recreation, Program of Recreation, Manisa, 29-49.