Smartphone Addiction and Leisure Constraints: College Students

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 26 - 34, 01.05.2019

Fikret Soyer

https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2019.02.003

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the leisure constraints perceived by the university students according to the level of smartphone addiction. In the study, in order to determine the constraints faced by the participants Leisure Constraints Scale developed by Alexandris and Carroll 1997 , adapted to Turkish by Gürbüz, Öncü, and Emir 2012 and in order to determine the level of smartphone addiction, Smartphone Addiction Scale developed by Kwon et al. 2013 and adapted to Turkish by Noyan et al. 2015 , was used. Conventional sampling method was preferred for sample selection and face-to-face survey method was used for data collection. In the analysis of the obtained data, descriptive statistics, Independent Sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, Hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering analysis were used. A total of 1298 volunteers participated in the study: 676 males 52.1% and 622 females 47.9% . According to the results of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the subscales of leisure constraints in terms of individual psychology, lack of knowledge, lack of friends, lack of time and interest according to smartphone addiction levels. As a result; It was determined that the high-level smartphones addicted students perceived a high level of leisure constraints than the university students who had a low level of addictions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leisure, Leisure Constraints, Smartphone Addiction

Kaynakça

• Akatay, A. (2003). Örgütlerde zaman yönetimi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 281- 300.
• Alexandris, K., Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic Differences in the Perception of Constraints on Recreational Sport Participation: Results from a Study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16, 107-125. doi:10.1080/026143697375449
• Amin, T. T., Suleman, W., Ali, A., Gamal, A., & Al Wehedy, A. (2011). Pattern, Prevalence, and Perceived Personal Barriers toward Physical Activity among Adult Saudis in Al-Hassa, KSA. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 8(6), 775-784. doi: 10.1123/jpah.8.6.775
• Ayhan, C., Ekinci, N., Yalçın, I., & Yigit, S. (2018). Investigation of Constraints that Occur during Participation in Leisure Activities by High School Students: A Sample of Turkey. Education Sciences, 8(2), 86. doi:10.3390/educsci8020086
• Ayhan, C., Eskiler, E., & Soyer, F. (2017). “Aktif Sporcuların Rekreatif Etkinliklere Katılımlarına Engel Oluşturabilecek Faktörlerin Yaşam Tatmini ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi,” Erpa International Congresses on Education, 164-175, Budapest, Hungary.
• Balta, Ö. C., & Horzum, M. B. (2008). The factors that affect internet addiction of students in a web based learning environment. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 41(1), 187-205.
• Crawford, D., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 9, 119-127. doi:10.1080/01490408709512151
• Çakır, Ö., Ayas, T. & Horzum, M. B. (2011). An investigation of university students’ internet and game addiction with respect to several variables. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 44(2), 95-117.
• Demirhan, E., Randler, C., & Horzum, M. B. (2016). Is problematic mobile phone use explained by chronotype doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1171232 personality? Chronobiology
• international, 33(7), 821-831.
• Ekinci, N. E., Kalkavan, A., Üstün, Ü. D. & Gündüz, B. (2014). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sportif ve Sportif Olmayan Rekreatif Etkinliklere Katılmalarına Engel Olabilecek Unsurların İncelenmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 1-13.
• Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, İ. & Ayhan, C. (2019). Analysis of loneliness levels and digital game addiction of middle school students according to various variables. World Journal of Education, 9(1), 20-27. doi:10.5430/wje.v9n1p20
• Francken, D., & Van Raiij, M. (1981). Satisfaction with leisure time activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 13, 337-352. doi:10.1080/00222216.1981.11969498
• Gürbüz, B., Öncü, E.& Emir, E. (2012). Leisure constraints questionnaire: Testing the construct validity. In Proceedings of the 12th International Sport Sciences Congress, Denizli (December 12-14), Turkey, 339– 343.
• Henderson, K.A. (1995). Women’s Leisure: More Truththan Facts? .World Leisure and Recreation, 37(1): 9-13. doi:10.1080/10261133.1995.9673942
• Hodge, C. J., Zabriskie, R. B., Fellingham, G., Coyne, S., Lundberg, N. R., Padilla-Walker, L. M. & Day, R. D. (2012). The Relationship between Media in the Home and Family Functioning in Context of Leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 285-307. doi: 10.1080/00222216.2012.11950266
• Horzum, M. B., Güngören, Ö. C., & Kaymak, Z. D. (2018). Oyun bağımlılığı. Ed: T. Ayas ve M. B. Horzum. Teknolojinin olumsuz etkileri. Ss: 85-106. Ankara: Vizetek Yayıncılık.
• Howe, C. Z. & Carpenter, G. M. (1985). Programming leisure experiences: A cyclical approach. USA: Prentice- Hall Inc.
• Hudson, S. (2000). The Segmentation of Potential Tourists: Constraint Differences between Men and Women. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4): 363-368. doi:10.1177/004728750003800404
• İlhan, V. (2008). Yeni Dünya Düzeninde İletişim Politikaları ve Değişim: Cep Telefonu Kullanım Alışkanlıkları ve Tüketim Yönelimleri. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(24), 293-316.
• Jackson, E. L. & Henderson, K. A. (1995). Gender‐based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17(1), 31-51. doi:10.1080/01490409509513241
• Jackson, E. (1993). Recognizing patterns of leisure constraints: Results from alternative analyses. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 129-149. doi:10.1080/00222216.1993.11969914
• Juniu, S. (2000). “Downshifting: regaining the essence of leisure”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vinter, 32(1), 69-73. doi:10.1080/00222216.2000.11949888
• Karaküçük, S. (2005). Rekreasyon: Boş Zamanları Değerlendirme. (5. Baskı) Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Karaküçük, S. & Gürbüz, B. (2007). Rekreasyon ve Kent(li)leşme. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Kemp, K. & Pearson, S. (1997). Leisure and tourism, Great Britain: Longman Press.
• Kurar, İ. & Baltacı, F. (2014). People's leisure habits review: case of Alanya. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2(6), 39-52.
• Kwon, M., Lee, J.Y., Won, W.Y., Park, J.W., Min, J.A., Hahn, J., Gu, X., Choi, J.H. & Kim, D.J., (2013). Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLos One, 8(2). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
• Lafargue, P. (1999). Tembellik Hakkı,(Çev.) Günyol. V., Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Mieczkowski, Z. (1990). World trends in tourism and recreation. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
• Noyan, C.O., Darçin, A.E., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O. & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 73.
• Paragras, F. (2005). Being mobile with the mobile: Cellular telephony and renegotiations of public transport as public sphere. Mobile Communications, 31(2), 113–129.
• Park, N. & Lee, H. (2012). Social İmplications of Smartphone Use: Korean College Students' Smartphone Use and Psychological Well-Being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 491-497. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0580
• Park, N., Kim, Y.-C., Shon, H. Y. & Shim, H. (2013). Factors Influencing Smartphone Use and Dependency in South Korea. Com puters in Human Behavior, 29, 1763–1770. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.008
• Park, W. K. (2005). Mobile phone addiction. In R. Ling & P. E. Pedersen (Eds.), Mobile communications: Re- negotiation of the social sphere (253–272). London, England: Springer.
• Randler, C., Horzum, M. B. & Vollmer, C. (2014). Internet addiction and its relationship to chronotype and personality in a Turkish university student sample. Social science computer review, 32(4), 484-495. doi:10.1177/0894439313511055
• Raymore, L. A., Godbey, G. C. & Crawford, D. W. (1994). Self-Esteem, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status: Their Relation to Perceptions of Constraint on Leisure among Adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, (2), 99. doi:10.1080/00222216.1994.11969948
• Soyer, F., Yıldız, N. O., Harmandar Demirel, D., Serdar, E., Demirel, M., Ayhan, C. & Demirhan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreatif etkinliklere katılımlarına engel teşkil eden faktörler ile katılımcıların yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 2035- 2046. doi:10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4647
• Strasburger, V. C., Wilson, B. J. & Jordan, A. B. (2009). Children, Adolescents, and the Media (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
• Tai, H. L. (2001). The study of Leisure Activities and Leisure Consti'aints o f Women in Taipei. Taipei: Wen-Ying Publishing.
• Thulin, Eva - Vilhelmson, Bertil (2007). “Mobiles Everywhere: Youth, the Mobile Phone and Changes in Everyday doi:10.1177/110330880701500302 Young: Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 15, (235-253).
• Tolukan E. (2010). Özel Yetenekle İlgili Bölümlerde Okuyan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Rekreasyonel Aktivitelere Katılımlarına Engel Olabilecek Unsurların Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.