BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 89 - 105, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2019.03.010

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ajmal, A., Amin, R., & Bajwa, R. S. (2016). Personality traits as predictors of forgiveness and gratitude. Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 14(2).
  • Al‐Mabuk, R. H., & Downs, W. R. (1996). Forgiveness therapy with parents of adolescent suicide victims. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 7(2), 21‐39.
  • Ashton, M. C., Paunonen, S. V., Helmes, E. and Jackson, D. N.(1998). Kin altruism, reciprocal altruism, and the big five personality factors. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 243‐255. doi:10.1016/S1090‐5138(98)00009‐ 9
  • Azar, F., Mullet, E., & Vinsonneau, G. (1999). The propensity to forgive: Findings from Lebanon. Journal of Peace Research, 36(2), 169‐181. doi:10.1177/0022343399036002003
  • Belicki, K., Rourke, J., & McCarthy, M. (2008). Potential dangers of empathy and related conundrums. Women’s reflections on the complexities of forgiveness, 165‐185.
  • Benet‐Martinez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait, multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729–750.
  • Berry J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., O’Connor, L. E., Parrott, L., III, & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgiveness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73, 1–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2004.00308.x
  • Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Parrott, L. III, O’Connor, L. E., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: Development and construct validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1277–1290. doi:10.1177/01461672012710004
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz‐Zois, C., & Ross, S. R. (2005). Forgiveness and personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(1), 35‐46.
  • Brown, R. P. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 759–771. doi: 10.1177/0146167203252882
  • Brown, R. P., & Phillips, A. (2005). Letting bygones be bygones: Further evidence for the validity of the Tendency to Forgive scale. Personality and individual differences, 38(3), 627‐638.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir A. (2012). Affetme arttırılabilinir mi?: Affetmeyi geliştirme grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (37), 96‐106.
  • Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2016). Hataya ilişkin özelliklerin başkalarını affetmeyi yordaması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35).
  • Chamorro‐Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2007). Personality and music: Can traits explain how people use music in everyday life? British Journal of Psychology, 98(2), 175‐185.
  • Costa Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Neo personality inventory–revised (neo‐pi‐r) and neo five‐factor inventory (neo‐ffi) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personalityassessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 21‐50. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6401_2
  • Costa Jr, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and individual Differences, 12(9), 887‐898.
  • Coyle, C. T.,& Enright, R. D. (1997). Forgiveness intervention with post‐abortion men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1042–1045.
  • DiBlasio, F. A., & Proctor, J. H. (1993). Therapists and the clinical use of forgivenessAmerican Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 175–184. doi:10.1080/01926189308250915
  • Doğan, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve öznel iyi oluş. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 14 (1) 2013, 56‐64.
  • Edwards, L., Lapp‐Rincker, R. H., Magyar‐Moe, J. L., Rehfeldt, J. D., & Ryder, J. A. (2002). A positive relationship between religious faith and forgiveness: Faith in the absence of data. Pastoral Psychology, 50, 147–152.
  • Emmons, R. A. (2000). Personality and forgiveness. In M. E. McCullough, K. I.Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), The frontiers of forgiving: Conceptual, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 156–175). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐ forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107‐126. doi:10.1002/j.2161‐007X.1996.tb00844.x
  • Enright, R. D.,& Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R. D. Enright & J. North (Eds.), Exploring forgiveness (pp. 46–62). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Enright, R. D. ve The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines ve J. Gerwirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior development (Vol. 1, pp. 123‐152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Exline, J. J., Yali, A. M., & Lobel, M. (1999). When God disappoints: Difficulty forgiving God and its role in negative emotion. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 365–379. doi:10.1177/135910539900400306
  • Ferch, S. R. (1998). Intentional forgiving as a counseling intervention. Journal of Counseling and Development, 76, 261‐270. doi:10.1002/j.1556‐6676.1998.tb02541.x
  • Fitzgibbons, R. P., Enright, R. D., & OʹBrien, T. (2004). Learning to forgive. American School Board Journal, 191 (7), 24‐26.
  • Freedman, S. R, & Enright, R. D. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 983–992.
  • Freedman, S. R, & Enright, R. D., & Knutson, J. (2005). A progress report on the process model of forgiveness.
  • E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 393‐406). New York: Routledge.
  • Gerber, P. (1990). P. Gerber, H. Leutwyler and JL Goity, Phys. Lett. B 246, 513 (1990). Phys. Lett. B, 246, 513.
  • Ghobarı, B. B., Keyvanzadeh, M., & VAHDAT, T. S. (2008). The relatıonshıp between ʺforgıvenessʺ and ʺmental healthʺ ın medıcal college students, Journal Of Psychology And Educatıon,38, 167‐180.
  • Glass, R., Prichard, J., Lafortune, A., & Schwab, N. (2013). The ınfluence of personalıty and facebook use on student academıc performance. Issues in Information Systems, 14(2).
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternativeʺ description of personalityʺ: the big‐five factor structure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1216.
  • Hafnidar. (2013). The relationship among five factor model of personality, spirituality, & forgiveness. International Journal of Social Science &Humanity, 3 (2), 167‐170.
  • Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal Of Social And Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621‐637.
  • Harris, A. H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Forgiveness, unforgiveness, health, and disease. E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 321‐334). New York: Routledge.
  • Hebl, J.H. , & Enright, R.D.(1993). Forgiveness as a psychotherapeutic goal with elderly females. Psychotherapy, 30,658‐667.
  • İlbay, A. B., &Sarıçam, H.(2015). The predictor role of gratitude and psychological vulnerability on forgiveness. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 4(4), 61‐74. doi: 10.5861/ijrsp.2015.1305
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3(2), 114‐158.
  • John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 2(1999), 102‐138.
  • Koç, M., İskender, M., Çolak, T.S. ve Düşünceli, B. (2016). Investigation of the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and the effect of anger control on the relationship between forgiveness and psychological well‐being through structural equation modelling. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 201‐209. doi: 10.19126/suje.282951
  • Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lounsbury, J.W. ve Gibson, L.W. (2009). Personal style inventory: A personality measurement System for work and school settings. Knoxville, TN: Resource Associates Inc.
  • Leach, M. M., & Lark, R. (2004). Does spirituality add to personality in the study of trait forgiveness? Personality and individual differences, 37(1), 147‐156.
  • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate behavioral research, 39(2), 329‐358.
  • Maltby, J., Macaskill, A., & Day, L. (2001). Failure to forgive self and others: A replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability, andgeneral health. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 881–885. doi:10.1016/S0191‐8869(00)00080‐5
  • Matthews, G., Derryberry, D., & Siegle, G. J. (2000). Personality and emotion: Cognitive science perspectives. Advances in personality psychology, 1, 199‐237.
  • Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., Grove, D. C., McBride, A. G.,&McKinney, K.E.(1992).The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170‐180.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five‐factormodel of personality across instruments and observers. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 52, 81‐90.
  • McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? CurrentDirections in Psychological Science, 10, 194–197. doi:10.1111/1467‐8721.00147
  • McCullough, M. E. (2008). Beyond revenge: The evolution of the forgiveness instinct. New York, NY: Jossey‐Bass.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well‐being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 601‐610. doi:10.1177/0146167201275008
  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. doi:10.1037//0022‐3514.82.1.112
  • McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgression‐related motivationaldispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1556–1573. doi: 10.1177/014616702237583
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336. doi:10.1037/0022‐3514.73.2.321
  • McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., Tabak, B., & Witvliet, C. V. O. (2009). Forgiveness. In S.J. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 427–435). New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
  • McCullough, M. E.& Worthington, E. L. J. (1999). Religion and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 67, 1141‐1164. doi:10.1111/1467‐6494.00085
  • McCullough, M. E.,Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal for giving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336.
  • Mullet, E., & Girard, M. (2000). Developmental and cognitive points of view on forgiveness. In M. E.
  • McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice (pp. 111– 132). New York: GuilfordPress.
  • Mullet, E., Neto, F., & Riviere, S. (2005). Personality and its effects on resentment, revenge, forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp.159‐81). New York: Routledge.
  • Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self‐compassion and other‐focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and Identity, 12(2), 1‐17. doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Neto, F., & Mullet, E. (2004). Personality, self‐esteem, and self‐construal as correlates of forgivingness. European Journal of Personality, 18(1), 15‐30.
  • Noreen, S., Bierman, R. N., & MacLeod, M. D. (2014). Forgiving you is hard, but forgetting seems easy: can forgiveness facilitate forgetting? Psychological science, 25(7), 1295‐1302.
  • Rey, L.,& Extremera, N. (2014). Positive psychological characteristics and interpersonal forgiveness: Identifying the unique contribution of emotional intelligence abilities, Big Five traits, gratitude and optimism. Personality and Individual differences, 68, 199‐204. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.030
  • Roberts, R. C. (1995). Forgivingness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 32, 289–306.
  • Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., & Wrobel, T. A. (2004). A personological examination of self‐and other‐forgiveness in the five factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(2), 207‐214.
  • Rye, M. S., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 419‐441.
  • Sandage, S. J., Hill, P. C., & Vang, H. C. (2003). Toward a multicultural positive psychology: Indigenous forgiveness and Hmong culture. Counseling Psychologist, 31, 564–592. doi: 10.1177/0011000003256350
  • Sarıçam, H., & Biçer, B. (2015). The predictive role of moral value and self‐compassion on forgiveness. GEFAD / GUJGEF 35(1), 109‐122.
  • Shepherd, S., & Belicki, K. (2008). Trait forgiveness and traitedness within the HEXACO model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(5), 389‐394. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.011
  • Shoemaker, A., & Bolt, M. (1977). The Rokeach value survey and perceived Christian values. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 5(2), 139‐142.
  • Somer,O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2002). Beş faktör kişilik envanterinin geliştirilmesi: ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17 (49), 21 – 33.
  • Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Dearing, R. (2015). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings.
  • In J. Everett L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 143‐158). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Thompson, L. Y. Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S. Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality,73, 313–359. doi:10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2005.00311.x
  • Toussaint L. and Webb J. R. (2005). Theoretical and Empirical Connections between Forgiveness, Mental Health, and Well‐Being. E. L. Jr. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of Forgiveness (pp. 349‐362). New York: Brunner‐Routledge.
  • Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson‐Rose, S. A. (2008). Why forgiveness may protect against depression: Hopelessness as an explanatory mechanism. Personality and Mental Health, 2(2), 89‐ 103. doi:10.1002/pmh.35
  • Tsang, J. A., McCullough, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2006). The longitudinal association between forgiveness and relationship closeness and commitment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 448–472.
  • Walker D.F. & Gorsuch R.L. (2002). Forgiveness within the Big Five personality model. Personality and Individual Difference 32, 1127‐1137. doi:10.1016/S0191‐8869(00)00185‐9
  • Wang, T. W. (2008). Forgiveness and Big Five personality traits among Taiwanese undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(6), 849‐850.
  • Watkins, D., & Regmi, M. (2004). Personality and forgiveness: A Nepalese perspective. The Journal of social psychology, 144(5), 539‐540.
  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five‐factor model. Journal of personality, 60(2), 441‐476.
  • Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the Five‐Factor model. Journal of personality, 64(4), 737‐774.
  • Witvliet, C. v. O., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. L. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. Psychological Science, 121,117–123. doi:10.1111/1467‐ 9280.00320
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr. (1998). Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and the logical perspectives. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Worthington, E. L, Jr. (2005). Initial questions about the art and science of forgiving. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 1–14). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Worthington, E. L., Jr., Sandage, S. J., & Berry, J. W. (2000). Group interventions to promote forgiveness: What researchers and clinicians ought to know. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 228–253). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Worthington, E. L, Jr, Van Oyen Witvliet, C., Pietrini, P., & Miller, A. J. (2007). Forgiveness, health, and well‐ being: A review of evidence for emotional versus decisional forgiveness, dispositional forgivingness, and reduced unforgiveness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 291–302. doi:10.1007/s10865‐007‐9105‐8
  • Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Wade, N.G. (1999). The social psychology of unforgiveness and forgiveness and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,18, 358–415.
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr. (1998). Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and the logical perspectives. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Zechmeister, J., & Romero, C. (2002). Victim and offender accounts of interpersonal confl ict: Autobiographical narratives of forgiveness and unforgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 675–686. doi: 10.1037//0022‐3514.82.4.675

The Effect Of Psycho-Education Program On Increase The Tendency To Forgive and Five Factor Personality Properties Of Forgiveness Tendency

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 89 - 105, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2019.03.010

Öz

The basic aim of this study is to examine the effect of psycho-education program for gaining the tendency to forgive on Big five personality traits. The study was carried out via experimental design to determine the cause and effect relationship between the independent variable big five personality traits and the dependent variable tendency to forgive . The study was conducted with Pretest- Posttest Control Group Design. 24 university students who attended to the study were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group each of which consisted of 12 university students. The data was collected through Big Five Personality Traits Scale and Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Within the scope of the study, experimental group was given10-week psycho-education program to gain positive personality traits and to gaining forgiveness tendency while control group was not given any intervention. The effectiveness of the group counseling process was tested by the same scale in pre-experimental, post-experimental and follow up processes. According to the findings of the study, it was found that all of the personality traits were effective in order to help to increase the tendency of forgiveness of individuals with high scores for neuroticism, one of the big five personality traits, and low scores for forgiveness, that is people with less forgiveness competency. The findings were discussed in the light of the literature and recommendations were made accordingly.

Kaynakça

  • Ajmal, A., Amin, R., & Bajwa, R. S. (2016). Personality traits as predictors of forgiveness and gratitude. Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 14(2).
  • Al‐Mabuk, R. H., & Downs, W. R. (1996). Forgiveness therapy with parents of adolescent suicide victims. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 7(2), 21‐39.
  • Ashton, M. C., Paunonen, S. V., Helmes, E. and Jackson, D. N.(1998). Kin altruism, reciprocal altruism, and the big five personality factors. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 243‐255. doi:10.1016/S1090‐5138(98)00009‐ 9
  • Azar, F., Mullet, E., & Vinsonneau, G. (1999). The propensity to forgive: Findings from Lebanon. Journal of Peace Research, 36(2), 169‐181. doi:10.1177/0022343399036002003
  • Belicki, K., Rourke, J., & McCarthy, M. (2008). Potential dangers of empathy and related conundrums. Women’s reflections on the complexities of forgiveness, 165‐185.
  • Benet‐Martinez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los cinco grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait, multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 729–750.
  • Berry J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., O’Connor, L. E., Parrott, L., III, & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgiveness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73, 1–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2004.00308.x
  • Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Parrott, L. III, O’Connor, L. E., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: Development and construct validity of the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1277–1290. doi:10.1177/01461672012710004
  • Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz‐Zois, C., & Ross, S. R. (2005). Forgiveness and personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(1), 35‐46.
  • Brown, R. P. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 759–771. doi: 10.1177/0146167203252882
  • Brown, R. P., & Phillips, A. (2005). Letting bygones be bygones: Further evidence for the validity of the Tendency to Forgive scale. Personality and individual differences, 38(3), 627‐638.
  • Bugay, A. ve Demir A. (2012). Affetme arttırılabilinir mi?: Affetmeyi geliştirme grubu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (37), 96‐106.
  • Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2016). Hataya ilişkin özelliklerin başkalarını affetmeyi yordaması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35).
  • Chamorro‐Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2007). Personality and music: Can traits explain how people use music in everyday life? British Journal of Psychology, 98(2), 175‐185.
  • Costa Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Neo personality inventory–revised (neo‐pi‐r) and neo five‐factor inventory (neo‐ffi) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personalityassessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 21‐50. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6401_2
  • Costa Jr, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and individual Differences, 12(9), 887‐898.
  • Coyle, C. T.,& Enright, R. D. (1997). Forgiveness intervention with post‐abortion men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1042–1045.
  • DiBlasio, F. A., & Proctor, J. H. (1993). Therapists and the clinical use of forgivenessAmerican Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 175–184. doi:10.1080/01926189308250915
  • Doğan, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve öznel iyi oluş. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 14 (1) 2013, 56‐64.
  • Edwards, L., Lapp‐Rincker, R. H., Magyar‐Moe, J. L., Rehfeldt, J. D., & Ryder, J. A. (2002). A positive relationship between religious faith and forgiveness: Faith in the absence of data. Pastoral Psychology, 50, 147–152.
  • Emmons, R. A. (2000). Personality and forgiveness. In M. E. McCullough, K. I.Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), The frontiers of forgiving: Conceptual, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 156–175). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐ forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107‐126. doi:10.1002/j.2161‐007X.1996.tb00844.x
  • Enright, R. D.,& Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R. D. Enright & J. North (Eds.), Exploring forgiveness (pp. 46–62). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Enright, R. D. ve The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines ve J. Gerwirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior development (Vol. 1, pp. 123‐152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Exline, J. J., Yali, A. M., & Lobel, M. (1999). When God disappoints: Difficulty forgiving God and its role in negative emotion. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 365–379. doi:10.1177/135910539900400306
  • Ferch, S. R. (1998). Intentional forgiving as a counseling intervention. Journal of Counseling and Development, 76, 261‐270. doi:10.1002/j.1556‐6676.1998.tb02541.x
  • Fitzgibbons, R. P., Enright, R. D., & OʹBrien, T. (2004). Learning to forgive. American School Board Journal, 191 (7), 24‐26.
  • Freedman, S. R, & Enright, R. D. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 983–992.
  • Freedman, S. R, & Enright, R. D., & Knutson, J. (2005). A progress report on the process model of forgiveness.
  • E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 393‐406). New York: Routledge.
  • Gerber, P. (1990). P. Gerber, H. Leutwyler and JL Goity, Phys. Lett. B 246, 513 (1990). Phys. Lett. B, 246, 513.
  • Ghobarı, B. B., Keyvanzadeh, M., & VAHDAT, T. S. (2008). The relatıonshıp between ʺforgıvenessʺ and ʺmental healthʺ ın medıcal college students, Journal Of Psychology And Educatıon,38, 167‐180.
  • Glass, R., Prichard, J., Lafortune, A., & Schwab, N. (2013). The ınfluence of personalıty and facebook use on student academıc performance. Issues in Information Systems, 14(2).
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternativeʺ description of personalityʺ: the big‐five factor structure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1216.
  • Hafnidar. (2013). The relationship among five factor model of personality, spirituality, & forgiveness. International Journal of Social Science &Humanity, 3 (2), 167‐170.
  • Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal Of Social And Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621‐637.
  • Harris, A. H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Forgiveness, unforgiveness, health, and disease. E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 321‐334). New York: Routledge.
  • Hebl, J.H. , & Enright, R.D.(1993). Forgiveness as a psychotherapeutic goal with elderly females. Psychotherapy, 30,658‐667.
  • İlbay, A. B., &Sarıçam, H.(2015). The predictor role of gratitude and psychological vulnerability on forgiveness. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 4(4), 61‐74. doi: 10.5861/ijrsp.2015.1305
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative big five trait taxonomy. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 3(2), 114‐158.
  • John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 2(1999), 102‐138.
  • Koç, M., İskender, M., Çolak, T.S. ve Düşünceli, B. (2016). Investigation of the effect of intolerance of uncertainty and the effect of anger control on the relationship between forgiveness and psychological well‐being through structural equation modelling. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 201‐209. doi: 10.19126/suje.282951
  • Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lounsbury, J.W. ve Gibson, L.W. (2009). Personal style inventory: A personality measurement System for work and school settings. Knoxville, TN: Resource Associates Inc.
  • Leach, M. M., & Lark, R. (2004). Does spirituality add to personality in the study of trait forgiveness? Personality and individual differences, 37(1), 147‐156.
  • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate behavioral research, 39(2), 329‐358.
  • Maltby, J., Macaskill, A., & Day, L. (2001). Failure to forgive self and others: A replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability, andgeneral health. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 881–885. doi:10.1016/S0191‐8869(00)00080‐5
  • Matthews, G., Derryberry, D., & Siegle, G. J. (2000). Personality and emotion: Cognitive science perspectives. Advances in personality psychology, 1, 199‐237.
  • Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., Grove, D. C., McBride, A. G.,&McKinney, K.E.(1992).The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170‐180.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five‐factormodel of personality across instruments and observers. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 52, 81‐90.
  • McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? CurrentDirections in Psychological Science, 10, 194–197. doi:10.1111/1467‐8721.00147
  • McCullough, M. E. (2008). Beyond revenge: The evolution of the forgiveness instinct. New York, NY: Jossey‐Bass.
  • McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well‐being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 601‐610. doi:10.1177/0146167201275008
  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. doi:10.1037//0022‐3514.82.1.112
  • McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgression‐related motivationaldispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1556–1573. doi: 10.1177/014616702237583
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336. doi:10.1037/0022‐3514.73.2.321
  • McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., Tabak, B., & Witvliet, C. V. O. (2009). Forgiveness. In S.J. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 427–435). New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
  • McCullough, M. E.& Worthington, E. L. J. (1999). Religion and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 67, 1141‐1164. doi:10.1111/1467‐6494.00085
  • McCullough, M. E.,Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal for giving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336.
  • Mullet, E., & Girard, M. (2000). Developmental and cognitive points of view on forgiveness. In M. E.
  • McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice (pp. 111– 132). New York: GuilfordPress.
  • Mullet, E., Neto, F., & Riviere, S. (2005). Personality and its effects on resentment, revenge, forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp.159‐81). New York: Routledge.
  • Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self‐compassion and other‐focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and Identity, 12(2), 1‐17. doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Neto, F., & Mullet, E. (2004). Personality, self‐esteem, and self‐construal as correlates of forgivingness. European Journal of Personality, 18(1), 15‐30.
  • Noreen, S., Bierman, R. N., & MacLeod, M. D. (2014). Forgiving you is hard, but forgetting seems easy: can forgiveness facilitate forgetting? Psychological science, 25(7), 1295‐1302.
  • Rey, L.,& Extremera, N. (2014). Positive psychological characteristics and interpersonal forgiveness: Identifying the unique contribution of emotional intelligence abilities, Big Five traits, gratitude and optimism. Personality and Individual differences, 68, 199‐204. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.030
  • Roberts, R. C. (1995). Forgivingness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 32, 289–306.
  • Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., & Wrobel, T. A. (2004). A personological examination of self‐and other‐forgiveness in the five factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(2), 207‐214.
  • Rye, M. S., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 419‐441.
  • Sandage, S. J., Hill, P. C., & Vang, H. C. (2003). Toward a multicultural positive psychology: Indigenous forgiveness and Hmong culture. Counseling Psychologist, 31, 564–592. doi: 10.1177/0011000003256350
  • Sarıçam, H., & Biçer, B. (2015). The predictive role of moral value and self‐compassion on forgiveness. GEFAD / GUJGEF 35(1), 109‐122.
  • Shepherd, S., & Belicki, K. (2008). Trait forgiveness and traitedness within the HEXACO model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(5), 389‐394. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.011
  • Shoemaker, A., & Bolt, M. (1977). The Rokeach value survey and perceived Christian values. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 5(2), 139‐142.
  • Somer,O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2002). Beş faktör kişilik envanterinin geliştirilmesi: ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17 (49), 21 – 33.
  • Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Dearing, R. (2015). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings.
  • In J. Everett L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 143‐158). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Thompson, L. Y. Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S. Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality,73, 313–359. doi:10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2005.00311.x
  • Toussaint L. and Webb J. R. (2005). Theoretical and Empirical Connections between Forgiveness, Mental Health, and Well‐Being. E. L. Jr. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of Forgiveness (pp. 349‐362). New York: Brunner‐Routledge.
  • Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson‐Rose, S. A. (2008). Why forgiveness may protect against depression: Hopelessness as an explanatory mechanism. Personality and Mental Health, 2(2), 89‐ 103. doi:10.1002/pmh.35
  • Tsang, J. A., McCullough, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2006). The longitudinal association between forgiveness and relationship closeness and commitment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 448–472.
  • Walker D.F. & Gorsuch R.L. (2002). Forgiveness within the Big Five personality model. Personality and Individual Difference 32, 1127‐1137. doi:10.1016/S0191‐8869(00)00185‐9
  • Wang, T. W. (2008). Forgiveness and Big Five personality traits among Taiwanese undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(6), 849‐850.
  • Watkins, D., & Regmi, M. (2004). Personality and forgiveness: A Nepalese perspective. The Journal of social psychology, 144(5), 539‐540.
  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five‐factor model. Journal of personality, 60(2), 441‐476.
  • Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the Five‐Factor model. Journal of personality, 64(4), 737‐774.
  • Witvliet, C. v. O., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. L. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. Psychological Science, 121,117–123. doi:10.1111/1467‐ 9280.00320
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr. (1998). Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and the logical perspectives. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Worthington, E. L, Jr. (2005). Initial questions about the art and science of forgiving. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 1–14). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Worthington, E. L., Jr., Sandage, S. J., & Berry, J. W. (2000). Group interventions to promote forgiveness: What researchers and clinicians ought to know. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 228–253). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Worthington, E. L, Jr, Van Oyen Witvliet, C., Pietrini, P., & Miller, A. J. (2007). Forgiveness, health, and well‐ being: A review of evidence for emotional versus decisional forgiveness, dispositional forgivingness, and reduced unforgiveness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 291–302. doi:10.1007/s10865‐007‐9105‐8
  • Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Wade, N.G. (1999). The social psychology of unforgiveness and forgiveness and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,18, 358–415.
  • Worthington, E. L. Jr. (1998). Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and the logical perspectives. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
  • Zechmeister, J., & Romero, C. (2002). Victim and offender accounts of interpersonal confl ict: Autobiographical narratives of forgiveness and unforgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 675–686. doi: 10.1037//0022‐3514.82.4.675
Toplam 95 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Fatıma Firdevs Adam Karduz Bu kişi benim

Ali Haydar Şar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karduz, F. F. A., & Şar, A. H. (2019). The Effect Of Psycho-Education Program On Increase The Tendency To Forgive and Five Factor Personality Properties Of Forgiveness Tendency. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 6(3), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2019.03.010