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An Organizational Factor Predicting School Effectiveness: School Climate

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 38 - 50, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.004

Öz

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the school climate affects school effectiveness. For this purpose, quantitative research relational screening model was used in the study. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 academic year and 341 teachers participated voluntarily. In the research, The Organizational Description Climate Scale for Elementary Schools OCDQ-RE] developed by Hoy and Tarter 1997 and adapted to Turkish culture by Yılmaz and Altınkurt 2013 was used together with The School Effectiveness Index, which was developed by Hoy 2014 and adapted to Turkish culture by Yıldırım 2015 . The data were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis. According to the findings, school climate predicts school effectiveness. The findings were discussed with the results of other researches in the literature and suggestions were made to the administrators and teachers.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, C. S. (1982). The search for school climate: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 52(3), 368-420.
  • Austin, G., O’Malley, M., & Izu, J. (2011). Making sense of school climate: using the california school climate, health, and learning (Cal–SCHLS) survey system to ınform your school ımprovement efforts. Los Alamitos: WestEd. Retrieved from californias3.wested.org/tools in 21.10.2019.
  • Averich, H., Carroll, S., Donaldson, T., Kiesling, H., & Pincus, J. (1972). How effective is schooling? A critical review and synthesis of research findings. Report R-56-PCSF/RC, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
  • Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2017). A research synthesis of the associations between socioeconomic background, inequality, school climate, and academic achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425-469. doi: 10.3102/0034654316669821
  • Bosworth, K., Ford, L., & Hernandaz, D. (2011). School climate factors contributing to student and faculty perceptions of safety in select Arizona schools. Journal of School Health, 81(4), 194-201. doi: 10.1111/j.1746- 1561.2010.00579.x
  • Brault, M. C., Janosz, M., & Archambault, I. (2014). Effects of school composition and school climate on teacher expectations of students: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 44, 148-159.
  • Bridglall, L. B., Caines, J., & Chatterji, M. (2014). Understanding validity issues in test-based models of school and teacher evaluation. Quality Assurance in Education, 22(1), 19-30.
  • Brink, P. J. & Wood, M. J. (1998). Advanced design in nursing research. Sage.
  • Brown, K. M., Anfara, V.A., & Roney, K. (2004). Student achievement in high performing, suburban middle schools and low performing urban middle schools-plausible explanations for the differences. Education and Urban Society, 36(4), 428-456. doi:10.1177/0013124504263339
  • Cemaloğlu, N. (2007). Okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stillerinin örgüt sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi. [The effect of leadership styles of school administrators on organizational health]. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(2), 165-194.
  • Cemaloğlu, N., & Kılınç, A. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between school principals 'leadership styles and teachers' organizational trust levels]. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(23), 132-156.
  • Cohen, J., McCabe, E. M., Michelli, N. M. & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 180-213.
  • Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartlana, J., Mood, S. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. L. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Office of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.
  • Contartesi, R. A. (2010). School climate: A correlational analysis of superintendent leadership communication and employee performance (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix).
  • Cornell, D., Shukla, K., & Konold, T. R. (2016). Authoritative school climate and student academic engagement, grades, and aspirations in middle and high schools. AERA Open, 2(2), 2332858416633184. doi: 10.1177/2332858416633184
  • Creemers, B. P., Stoll, L., Reezigt, G., & ESI Team. (2007). Effective school improvement-Ingredients for success: The results of an international comparative study of best practice case studies. In International handbook of school effectiveness and improvement (pp. 825-838). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Çalık, T., Özbay, Y., Özer, A., Kurt, T., & Kandemir, M. (2009). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin zorbalık statülerinin okul iklimi, prososyal davranışlar, temel ihtiyaçlar ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. [Examining the bullying status of primary school students according to school climate, prosocial behaviors, basic needs and gender variables]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 60(60), 555-576. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/kuey/issue/10337/126668
  • Çobanoğlu, F., & Badavan, Y. (2017). Başarılı okulların anahtarı: etkili okul değişkenleri. [The key to successful schools: effective school variables]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 114-134.
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  • Deeboonmee, W., & Ariratana, W. (2014). Relationship between strategic leadership and school Effectiveness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 982-985.
  • Doran, J. A. (2004). Effective school characteristics and student achievement correlates as perceived by teachers in American-style international schools (Doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida.
  • Dulay, S., & Karadağ, E. (2017). The effect of school climate on student achievement. In The factors effecting student achievement (pp. 199-213). Springer, Cham.
  • Durham, R. E., Bettencourt, A., & Connolly, F. (2014). Measuring school climate: Using existing data tools on climate and effectiveness to ınform school organizational health. Baltimore Education Research Consortium.
  • Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15-24.
  • Eliot, M., Cornell, D., Gregory, A., & Fan, X. (2010). Supportive school climate and student willingness to seek help for bullying and threats of violence. Journal of school psychology, 48(6), 533-553. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.07.001
  • Etxeberria, F., Intxausti, N., & Azpillaga, V. (2017). School climate in highly effective schools in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (Spain). REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficaciay Cambio en Educacion, 15(4), 5-26.
  • Freiberg, H. J. and Stein, T. A. (1999) Measuring, improving and sustaining healthy learning envirnoments, in: H. J. Freiberg (ed.) School Climate: Measuring, Improving and Sustaining Healthy Learning Environments. Philadelphia, PA: Falmer Press.
  • Gregory, A., Cornell, D., Fan, X., Sheras, P., Shih, T. H., & Huang, F. (2010). Authoritative school discipline: High school practices associated with lower bullying and victimization. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 483. doi: 10.1037/a0018562
  • Gülşen, C., & Gülenay, G. B. (2014). The principal and healthy school climate. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(1), 93-100.
  • Halpin, A.W. & Croft, D.B. (1963). The organizational climate of schools. Chicago: Midwest Administration Center.
  • Hopson, L. M., & Lee, E. (2011). Mitigating the effect of family poverty on academic and behavioral outcomes: The role of school climate in middle and high school. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2221- 2229. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.006
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 38 - 50, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.004

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, C. S. (1982). The search for school climate: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 52(3), 368-420.
  • Austin, G., O’Malley, M., & Izu, J. (2011). Making sense of school climate: using the california school climate, health, and learning (Cal–SCHLS) survey system to ınform your school ımprovement efforts. Los Alamitos: WestEd. Retrieved from californias3.wested.org/tools in 21.10.2019.
  • Averich, H., Carroll, S., Donaldson, T., Kiesling, H., & Pincus, J. (1972). How effective is schooling? A critical review and synthesis of research findings. Report R-56-PCSF/RC, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
  • Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2017). A research synthesis of the associations between socioeconomic background, inequality, school climate, and academic achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425-469. doi: 10.3102/0034654316669821
  • Bosworth, K., Ford, L., & Hernandaz, D. (2011). School climate factors contributing to student and faculty perceptions of safety in select Arizona schools. Journal of School Health, 81(4), 194-201. doi: 10.1111/j.1746- 1561.2010.00579.x
  • Brault, M. C., Janosz, M., & Archambault, I. (2014). Effects of school composition and school climate on teacher expectations of students: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 44, 148-159.
  • Bridglall, L. B., Caines, J., & Chatterji, M. (2014). Understanding validity issues in test-based models of school and teacher evaluation. Quality Assurance in Education, 22(1), 19-30.
  • Brink, P. J. & Wood, M. J. (1998). Advanced design in nursing research. Sage.
  • Brown, K. M., Anfara, V.A., & Roney, K. (2004). Student achievement in high performing, suburban middle schools and low performing urban middle schools-plausible explanations for the differences. Education and Urban Society, 36(4), 428-456. doi:10.1177/0013124504263339
  • Cemaloğlu, N. (2007). Okul yöneticilerinin liderlik stillerinin örgüt sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi. [The effect of leadership styles of school administrators on organizational health]. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(2), 165-194.
  • Cemaloğlu, N., & Kılınç, A. (2012). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. [The relationship between school principals 'leadership styles and teachers' organizational trust levels]. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(23), 132-156.
  • Cohen, J., McCabe, E. M., Michelli, N. M. & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 180-213.
  • Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartlana, J., Mood, S. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. L. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Office of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.
  • Contartesi, R. A. (2010). School climate: A correlational analysis of superintendent leadership communication and employee performance (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix).
  • Cornell, D., Shukla, K., & Konold, T. R. (2016). Authoritative school climate and student academic engagement, grades, and aspirations in middle and high schools. AERA Open, 2(2), 2332858416633184. doi: 10.1177/2332858416633184
  • Creemers, B. P., Stoll, L., Reezigt, G., & ESI Team. (2007). Effective school improvement-Ingredients for success: The results of an international comparative study of best practice case studies. In International handbook of school effectiveness and improvement (pp. 825-838). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Çalık, T., Özbay, Y., Özer, A., Kurt, T., & Kandemir, M. (2009). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin zorbalık statülerinin okul iklimi, prososyal davranışlar, temel ihtiyaçlar ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. [Examining the bullying status of primary school students according to school climate, prosocial behaviors, basic needs and gender variables]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 60(60), 555-576. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/kuey/issue/10337/126668
  • Çobanoğlu, F., & Badavan, Y. (2017). Başarılı okulların anahtarı: etkili okul değişkenleri. [The key to successful schools: effective school variables]. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 114-134.
  • D'Amico, J. J. (1982). The effective schools movement: Studies, issues, and approaches. Viewpoints (120) -- Reports- Evaluative/Feasibility. Research for Better Schools, Inc., Philadelphia
  • Deeboonmee, W., & Ariratana, W. (2014). Relationship between strategic leadership and school Effectiveness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 982-985.
  • Doran, J. A. (2004). Effective school characteristics and student achievement correlates as perceived by teachers in American-style international schools (Doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida.
  • Dulay, S., & Karadağ, E. (2017). The effect of school climate on student achievement. In The factors effecting student achievement (pp. 199-213). Springer, Cham.
  • Durham, R. E., Bettencourt, A., & Connolly, F. (2014). Measuring school climate: Using existing data tools on climate and effectiveness to ınform school organizational health. Baltimore Education Research Consortium.
  • Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15-24.
  • Eliot, M., Cornell, D., Gregory, A., & Fan, X. (2010). Supportive school climate and student willingness to seek help for bullying and threats of violence. Journal of school psychology, 48(6), 533-553. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2010.07.001
  • Etxeberria, F., Intxausti, N., & Azpillaga, V. (2017). School climate in highly effective schools in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (Spain). REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficaciay Cambio en Educacion, 15(4), 5-26.
  • Freiberg, H. J. and Stein, T. A. (1999) Measuring, improving and sustaining healthy learning envirnoments, in: H. J. Freiberg (ed.) School Climate: Measuring, Improving and Sustaining Healthy Learning Environments. Philadelphia, PA: Falmer Press.
  • Gregory, A., Cornell, D., Fan, X., Sheras, P., Shih, T. H., & Huang, F. (2010). Authoritative school discipline: High school practices associated with lower bullying and victimization. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 483. doi: 10.1037/a0018562
  • Gülşen, C., & Gülenay, G. B. (2014). The principal and healthy school climate. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(1), 93-100.
  • Halpin, A.W. & Croft, D.B. (1963). The organizational climate of schools. Chicago: Midwest Administration Center.
  • Hopson, L. M., & Lee, E. (2011). Mitigating the effect of family poverty on academic and behavioral outcomes: The role of school climate in middle and high school. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2221- 2229. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.07.006
  • Hoy, W. K. (2019). School effectiveness index (SE-Index). https://www.waynekhoy.com/school-effectiveness/ accessed in 09.10.2019.
  • Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi (S. Turan, Çev. Ed.). [Education Management S. Turan, Trans. Ed.]. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Hoy, W. K. (1990). Organizational climate and culture: A conceptual analysis of the school workplace. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 1(2), 149-168.
  • Hoy, W. K. (2019). The organizational climate description for elementary schools (OCDQ-RE). Retrived from https://www.waynekhoy.com/ocdq-re/ in 21.10.2019.
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  • Lezotte, L. W. (2001). Revolutionary and evolutionary: The effective school’s movement. Okemos, MI: Effective Schools Products.
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  • MacNeil, A., J., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1), 73-84. doi: 10.1080/13603120701576241
  • Martin, M. O., Mullis, I. V., Gonzalez, E. J., & Chrostowski, S. J. (2004). Findings from IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at the Fourth and Eighth Grades. TIMSS 2003 International Science Report. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED494651
  • Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M.O., & Foy, P. (2008). TIMSS 2007 international mathematics report: Findings from IEA’s trends in ınternational mathematics and science study at the fourth and eighth grades. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED494650 International Study Center, Boston College. Retrieved from
  • OECD (TALIS) (2009). Creating effective teaching and learning environments: First results from TALIS- Executive Summary. www.oecd.org/edu/TALIS
  • Ontai-Machado, D. O. M. (2016). Teachers' perceptions of elementary school principals' leadership attributes and their relationship to school effectiveness (Doctorate dissertion). Walden University.
  • Owens, R. G., & Valesky, T. C. (2007). Organizational behavior in education: Adaptive leadership and school reform (9th ed.). New York, NY: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Özgenel, M., Caliskan Yilmaz, F., & Baydar, F. (2018). School climate as a predictor of secondary school students’ school attachment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 78, 87-116, doi: 10.14689/ejer.2018.78.5.
  • Özgenel, M. & Mert, P. (2019). The Role of teacher performance in school effectiveness. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 4(10), 417- 434.
  • Özgenel, M. & Topal, M. (2019). Okul etkililiği ile öğretmenlerin iş doyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between school effectiveness and teachers' job satisfaction levels]. VIth International Eurasian Educational Research Congress, 19-22 June 2019, Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Özdemir, Y. (2015). Ortaokul okul tükenmişliği: Ödev, okula bağlılık ve akademik motivasyonun rolü. [Homework, school commitment and the role of academic motivation]. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 27-35. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/399538
  • Parlar, H. (2010). Okul geliştirme literatürünün modeller ve yeni yaklaşımlar açısından incelenmesi: kuramsal analitik bir yaklaşım (Doktora tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Purkey, S. C., & Smith, M. S. (1983). Effective schools: A review. Elementary School Journal, 4, 427-452. doi: 10.1086/461325
  • Ramberg, J., Låftman, S. B., Almquist, Y. B., & Modin, B. (2019). School effectiveness and students’ perceptions of teacher caring: A multilevel study. Improving Schools, 22(1), 55-71.
  • Rapti, D. (2013). School climate as an important component in school effectiveness. Academicus International Scientific Journal, 4(08), 110-125.
  • Reynolds, D., Teddlie, C., Creemers, B., Scheerens, J. and Townsend, T. (2000). An introduction to school effectiveness research. (In C. Teddlie and D. Reynolds (eds.). The International Handbook of School Effectiveness Research. London: Falmer Press.
  • Salkind, N. J. (2003). Exploring research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Scheerens, J., & Creemers, B. P. (1989). Conceptualizing school effectiveness. International Journal of Educational Research, 13(7), 691-706.
  • Schotland, M. (2011). Profiles of perceived school climate: The impact on development for urban youth (Doctoral dissertation). New York University, New York. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com/
  • Simons-Morton, B. G., Crump, A. D., Haynie, D. L., & Saylor, K. E. (1999). Student-school bonding and adolescent problem behavior. Health education research, 14(1), 99-107. doi: 10.1093/her/14.1.99
  • Şenel, T., & Buluç, B. (2016). İlkokullarda okul iklimi ile okul etkililiği arasındaki ilişki. [Relationship between school climate and school effectiveness in primary schools]. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 9(4), 1-12.
  • Şişman, M. (1996). Etkili okul yönetimi: İlkokullarda bir araştırma. [Etkili okul yönetimi: İlkokullarda bir araştırma]. Eskişehir: Yayınlanmamış Araştırma Raporu.
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  • Taylor, D. E. (2008). The influence of climate on student achievement in elementary schools (Doctoral dissertation). The George Washington University.
  • Teel, S. R. (2003). Relationships among perceived organizational support, teacher efficacy and teacher performance (Doctoral dissertation). Alliant International University, California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego.
  • Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of educational research, 83(3), 357-385. doi: 10.3102/0034654313483907
  • Turhan, N, M., Şener, G., & Gündüzalp, S. (2017). Türkiye’de okul etkililiği araştırmalarına genel bir bakış. [An overview of school effectiveness research in Turkey]. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 4(2), 103- 151.
  • Tutar, H., & Altınöz, M. (2010). Örgütsel iklimin iş gören performansı üzerine etkisi: OSTİM imalât işletmeleri çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. [The effect of organizational climate on working performance: A research on the employees of OSTIM manufacturing enterprises]. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(2), 196-218.
  • Uline, C. L., Miller, D. M., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (1998). School effectiveness: The underlying dimensions. Educational Administration Quarterly, 34(4), 462-483.
  • Wang, M. T., & Eccles, J. S. (2013). School context, achievement motivation, and academic engagement: A longitudinal study of school engagement using a multidimensional perspective. Learning and Instruction, 28, 12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.04.002
  • Wang, M. T., Chow, A., Hofkens, T., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2015). The trajectories of student emotional engagement and school burnout with academic and psychological development: Findings from Finnish adolescents. Learning and Instruction, 36, 57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.11.004
  • Wang, M. T., Selman, R. L., Dishion, T. J., & Stormshak, E. A. (2010). A tobit regression analysis of the covariation between middle school students' perceived school climate and behavioral problems. Journal of Research on adolescence, 20(2), 274-286. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00648.x
  • Weber, G. (1971). Inner-city children can be taught to read: Four successful schools. Washington, DC: Council for Basic Education.
  • Welsh, W. N. (2000). The effects of school climate on school disorder. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 567(1), 88-107. doi: 10.1177/000271620056700107
  • Whetten, D. A., & Cameron, K. S. (198). Administrative effectiveness in higher education. The Review of Higher Education, 9(1), 35-49.
  • Wuch, J. (2013). The Impact of Elementary Principals' Leadership Styles on School Climates and Student Achievement in an Urban Setting: A Mixed-methods Study (Doctoral dissertation). Missouri Baptist University.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2015). Okul yöneticilerinin kişilik ve denetim odağı özelliklerinin öğretmenlerin ış doyumu ve okul etkililiği açısından incelenmesi [Investigation of personality and locus of control characteristics of school administrators in terms of teachers' job satisfaction and school effectiveness ](Unpublished PhD disseertation). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
  • Yılmaz, K. ve Altınkurt, Y. (2013). Örgütsel iklim ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of organizational climate scale into Turkish: The validity and reliability study]. Trakya University Journal of Education, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Zembat, R., Koçyiğit, S., Tuğluk, M. N., & Doğan, H. (2010). The relationship between the effectiveness of preschools and leadership styles of school managers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2269- 2276.
Toplam 84 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Mustafa Özgenel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özgenel, M. (2020). An Organizational Factor Predicting School Effectiveness: School Climate. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.004